# IJSAB International — Full Content > Complete content index for LLM consumption > Generated: 2026-11-13 | Posts: 200 --- ## JMR All Issues URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-all-issues Type: page Modified: 2026-11-12 JMR Volumes Volume 3, 2027 Volume-3, Issue-1, 2027 Volume 2, 2026 Volume-2, Issue-1, 2026 Volume 1, 2025 Volume-1, Issue-1, 2025 --- ## JSR All Issues URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-all-issues Type: page Modified: 2026-11-12 JSR Volumes Volume 16–19, 2027 Volume-16, 2027 Volume-17, 2027 Volume-18, 2027 Volume-19, 2027 Volume 12–15, 2026 Volume-12, 2026 Volume-13, 2026 Volume-14, 2026 (in progress) Volume-15, 2026 (in progress) Volume 8–11, 2025 Volume-8, 2025 Volume-9, 2025 Volume-10, 2025 Volume-11, 2025 Volume 6–7, 2024 Volume-6, 2024 Volume-7, 2024 Volume 5, 2023 Volume-5, 2023 Volume 4, 2022 Volume-4, 2022 Volume 3, 2021 Volume-3, 2021 Volume 2, 2020 Volume-2, 2020 Volume 1, 2019 Volume-1, 2019 --- ## IJSB All Issues URL: https://www.ijsab.com/ijsb-all-issues Type: page Modified: 2026-11-12 IJSB Volumes Volume 55–60, 2027 Volume-55 Issue-1, 2027 Volume-56 Issue-1, 2027  Volume-57 Issue-1, 2027  Volume-58 Issue-1, 2027  Volume-59 Issue-1, 2027 Volume-60 Issue-1, 2027 Volume 49–54, 2026 Volume-49 Issue-1, 2026 Volume-50 Issue-1, 2026  Volume-51 Issue-1, 2026  Volume-52 Issue-1, 2026  Volume-53 Issue-1, 2026 (In progress) Volume-54 Issue-1, 2026 (In progress) Volume 43–48, 2025 Volume-43 Issue-1, 2025 Volume-44 Issue-1, 2025 Volume-45 Issue-1, 2025 Volume-46 Issue-1, 2025 Volume-47 Issue-1, 2025 Volume-48 Issue-1, 2025 Volume 31–42, 2024 Volume-31 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-32 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-33 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-34 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-35 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-36 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-37 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-38 Issue-1, 2024 (Special issue: Cutting-Edge Research from Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia: A Compilation of PhD Dissertations) Volume-39 Issue-1, 2024 (Special Issue: Frontiers in Knowledge – Selected PhD Works from Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia) Volume-40 Issue-1, 2024 We have reduced the number of issues by focusing only on business-related terms and scientific aspects that hold value for business. Volume-41 Issue-1, 2024 Volume-42 Issue-1, 2024 Volume 18–30, 2023 Volume-18 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-19 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-20 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-21 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-22 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-23 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-24 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-25 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-26 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-27 Issue-1, 2023 (Special Issue: Insights into China: Exploring Diverse Topics and Perspectives) Volume-28 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-29 Issue-1, 2023 Volume-30 Issue-1, 2023 Volume 6–17, 2022 Volume-8 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-9 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-10 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-11 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-12 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-13 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-14 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-15 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-16 Issue-1, 2022 Volume-17 Issue-1, 2022 Volume 5, 2021 Issue-1, 2021 Issue-2, 2021 Issue-3, 2021 (Special issue: Artificial intelligence review) Issue-4, 2021 Issue-5, 2021 Issue-6, 2021 (Special issue: Information technology) Issue-7, 2021 Issue-8, 2021 Issue-9, 2021 Issue-10, 2021 Issue-11, 2021 Issue-12, 2021 Volume 4, 2020 Issue-1, 2020 Issue-2, 2020 Issue-3, 2020 Issue-4, 2020 Issue-5, 2020 Issue-6, 2020 Issue-7, 2020 Issue-8, 2020 Issue-9, 2020 Issue-10, 2020 Issue-11, 2020 Issue-12, 2020 Volume 3, 2019 Issue-1, 2019 Issue-2, 2019 Issue-3, 2019 Issue-4, 2019 Issue-5, 2019 Issue-6, 2019 Volume 2, 2018 Issue-1, 2018 Issue-2, 2018 Issue-3, 2018 Issue-4, 2018 (Special Issue) Volume 1, 2017 Issue-1, 2017 Issue-2, 2017 Issue-3, 2017 --- ## Production Efficiency and Business Performance in Bangladesh’s Agro-Processing Industry: The Role of Technology Adoption, Waste Reduction and Supply Chain Integration URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9297 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-12 Production Efficiency and Business Performance in Bangladesh’s Agro-Processing Industry: The Role of Technology Adoption, Waste Reduction and Supply Chain Integration Author (s) Md. Baki Billah Ripon, Al-Imran Faysal, & Nadia Islam Noyshi Abstract Agro-processing companies in Bangladesh face inconsistent raw-material quality, process losses, limited technology adoption and fragmented supply chains. This conceptual framework paper develops a resource-conversion explanation linking technology adoption, waste reduction and supply chain integration to production efficiency and, consequently, business performance. Rather than conducting a pooled firm-level causal test, it examines the framework through a descriptive reanalysis of separately published secondary statistics. The Bangladesh Agro-Processors Association (BAPA) baseline covers 50 businesses, while the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies’ Skills for Employment Investment Project (BIDS-SEIP) survey reports 117 plants employing 41,546 people. In the BAPA baseline, adoption rates were 36% for TQM, 20% for JIT, 14% for HACCP, 4% for ISO and 2% for advanced 5S/Kaizen/Lean practices. The ratio of mean daily output to mean operating hours was 1.473 metric tons per hour, although these aggregate statistics cannot establish firm-level productivity. Large enterprises accounted for 38.5% of factories and 81.5% of employment in the BIDS-SEIP sample. These descriptive patterns indicate differences in capability adoption and enterprise scale; they do not test the proposed relationships. The six propositions identify potentially complementary mechanisms for future firm-level testing. A seventh proposition is anchored in the paper’s own descriptives. It proposes firm size as a moderator of capability conversion. This links the historical aggregates to the future test agenda. The paper’s practical contribution is a staged operations-management approach linking process measurement, loss reduction, supplier coordination and selective digital investment to business outcomes. It also identifies the measurement requirements and limitations relevant to future empirical validation. Key words: Agro-processing, Production efficiency, Technology adoption, Waste reduction, Supply chain integration, Business performance, Bangladesh. Download PDF Title: Production Efficiency and Business Performance in Bangladesh’s Agro-Processing Industry: The Role of Technology Adoption, Waste Reduction and Supply Chain Integration Author: Md. Baki Billah Ripon, Al-Imran Faysal, & Nadia Islam Noyshi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1252 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 09/11/2026 Date of Publication: 12/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1252.pdf Free download: Available Page: 304-326 First Page: 304 Last Page: 326 Paper Type: Conceptual framework Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Ripon, M. B. B., Faysal, A., & Noyshi, N. I. (2026). Production Efficiency and Business Performance in Bangladesh’s Agro-Processing Industry: The Role of Technology Adoption, Waste Reduction and Supply Chain Integration, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 304-326. https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1252 About Author (s) Md. Baki Billah Ripon (Corresponding Author), Graduate, Department of Industrial & Production Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3544-4015 Al-Imran Faysal, Graduate, Department of Industrial & Production Engineering, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nadia Islam Noyshi, Department of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1252 --- ## Intelligent QoS Prediction in Software-Defined Networking Via Lightweight Graph-Temporal Machine Learning URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9294 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-09 Intelligent QoS Prediction in Software-Defined Networking Via Lightweight Graph-Temporal Machine Learning Author (s) Chernor Illah Jalloh, Julliet Josiah, Christiana Lebbie, Tom Penyikie, & Ishmael Sheriff Abstract Timely Quality of Service (QoS) prediction can enable software-defined networks to identify emerging performance problems before users experience excessive delay, congestion, packet loss, or unstable service. This study presents LiGHT-QoS, a lightweight graph-temporal forecasting framework that combines port-level network topology and telemetry with recent end-to-end QoS measurements. The experimental dataset was generated from 120 independent Mininet and Open vSwitch runs involving linear, tree, and mesh topologies, eight operating conditions, and five repetitions for each topology and condition. Following timing validation and segment-preserving filtering, 33,152 of 36,000 one-second intervals were retained, representing a 92.09% acceptance rate and 375,868 node-level observations. Model performance was evaluated at 1, 3, and 5-second forecasting horizons using five grouped folds and five random seeds, while ensuring that data from the same run did not appear in both training and testing sets. Compared with persistence forecasting, the proposed HGTE model reduced scale-balanced macro means absolute error by 13.30%, 13.40%, and 13.00% at the three respective horizons. HGTE achieved the best overall ranking at 1 and 3 seconds and was only 0.28% behind a QoS-only GRU at 5 seconds. Jitter prediction showed the most consistent improvement, with mean absolute error reductions between 21.07% and 22.11%. The model contains only 12,452 trainable parameters and achieved an 82.63% reduction in median CPU inference latency after export to ONNX FP32. These findings demonstrate that LiGHT-QoS can support efficient controller-assisted network monitoring, although real-network validation and calibrated fallback mechanisms remain necessary before large-scale operational deployment. Key words: Software-defined networking, Quality of service, Graph neural network, Temporal forecasting, Topology generalization, Machine Learning, Edge inference. Download PDF Title: Intelligent QoS Prediction in Software-Defined Networking Via Lightweight Graph-Temporal Machine Learning Author: Chernor Illah Jalloh, Julliet Josiah, Christiana Lebbie, Tom Penyikie, & Ishmael Sheriff Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1251 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 07/11/2026 Date of Publication: 09/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1251.pdf Free download: Available Page: 283-303 First Page: 282 Last Page: 303 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Jalloh, C. I., Josiah, J., Lebbie, C., Penyikie, T., & Sheriff, I. (2026). Intelligent QoS Prediction in Software-Defined Networking Via Lightweight Graph-Temporal Machine Learning, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 283-303. https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1251 About Author (s) Chernor Illah Jalloh (Corresponding Author), School of Electronics Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4803-1474 Julliet Josiah, School of Electronics Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8079-2026 Christiana Lebbie, School of Electronics Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7110-3651 Tom Penyikie, School of Electronics Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6045-0427 Ishmael Sheriff, School of Electronics Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Technology, Western Governors University (WGU), 4001 South 700 East, Suite 700 Salt Lake City, Utah 84107 United States.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4653-5485   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1251 --- ## The Role of Social Capital, Farmers’ Creativity, and Social Support in Enhancing Melon Farmers’ Resilience in Gunungkidul Regency URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9290 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-03 The Role of Social Capital, Farmers’ Creativity, and Social Support in Enhancing Melon Farmers’ Resilience in Gunungkidul Regency  Author (s) Lusi Handayani, Erlyna Wida Riptanti, & Nuning Setyowati Abstract In Indonesia, farmers in Gunungkidul Regency are facing water scarcity, thin soils, pests, and price volatility in melon farming on karst soil; therefore, farmer resilience is a must. This study explores the role of social capital, farmer creativity, and social support in farmers’ resilience in the context of melon farming. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used in the analysis of a quantitative explanatory survey of 180 melon farmers sampled proportionately among the eight melon-producing subdistricts. The measurement model was composed of 17 indicators and met the criteria for convergent validity, reliability, and discriminant validity. The perceived resilience was very high (mean 4.32 out of 5), and most farmers relied on self-assembled drip irrigation, plastic mulching, organic and dolomite amendments, crop rotation, and high-value varieties. Farmer creativity was the only significant predictor of resilience (β = 0.154, p = 0.041, f² = 0.023), whereas social capital (β = 0.093, p = 0.242) and social support (β = 0.118, p = 0.121) were not significant. The model accounted for 7.4% of the variance in resilience, suggesting that the unmeasured structural factors (water access, liquid capital, and market linkages) are also important. The results indicated that bonding social capital and fragmented support do not buffer karst-based commercial melon farms, but technical innovation by farmers does. The study contributes to policies that can scale up water-saving innovations, build farmer groups as collective marketing and credit institutions, and link them up to formal buyers. Keywords: Farmer resilience, Social capital, Farmer creativity, Social support, Melon, Karst, PLS-SEM, Gunungkidul. Download PDF Title: The Role of Social Capital, Farmers’ Creativity, and Social Support in Enhancing Melon Farmers’ Resilience in Gunungkidul Regency Author: Lusi Handayani, Erlyna Wida Riptanti, & Nuning Setyowati Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2724 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 01/11/2026 Date of Publication: 03/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2724.pdf Free download: Available Page: 146-162 First Page: 146 Last Page: 162 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Handayani, L., Riptanti, E. W., & Setyowati, N. (2026). The Role of Social Capital, Farmers’ Creativity, and Social Support in Enhancing Melon Farmers’ Resilience in Gunungkidul Regency, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 146-162. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2724 About Author (s) Lusi Handayani, Student of Master’s Program in Agribusiness, Universitas Sebelas Maret,  Surakarta, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2406-6272 Erlyna Wida Riptanti (Corresponding Author), Master’s Program in Agribusiness, Universitas Sebelas Maret,  Surakarta, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-9265 Nuning Setyowati, Master’s Program in Agribusiness, Universitas Sebelas Maret,  Surakarta, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-5492   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2724 --- ## Leadership Styles and the Management of Pastoralist–Farmer Conflict in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9287 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-03 Leadership Styles and the Management of Pastoralist–Farmer Conflict in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan Author (s) Asst. Prof. Dr. Nathan Peter Balli & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Abstract Conflicts between pastoralists and farmers remain a major source of insecurity and socio-economic disruption in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan. These conflicts are driven largely by competition over land, water and grazing resources. Past research has focused mostly on environmental and institutional factors. It has not examined how leadership styles shape conflict management outcomes. This study addresses that gap. It examines how authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire leadership styles influence conflict dynamics and resolution among pastoralists and farmers in Central Equatoria State. The study is grounded in Lewin’s leadership styles theory, conflict theory and transformational leadership theory. It adopts a pragmatic mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from 293 respondents, including pastoralists, farmers, local leaders, traditional authorities and government officials. Structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression in SPSS Version 21. Qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis. The results show that authoritarian leadership sometimes suppresses violence temporarily. Yet it often fails to address root causes and can contribute to escalation over time. Democratic leadership emerges as the most effective style. It is significantly associated with inclusive dialogue, trust-building and sustainable conflict resolution. Laissez-faire leadership is widely perceived as inadequate. It contributes to governance gaps, weak regulation and more conflict incidents. Key qualitative themes highlight inclusion, trust, hybrid leadership models and the intersection of climate and resource pressures with leadership practices. The study concludes that leadership style is a decisive factor in managing and resolving farmer–pastoralist conflicts. Key words: Leadership Styles, Conflict Management, Pastoralist–Farmer Conflict, Participatory Leadership, Peacebuilding, Resource Competition, Central Equatoria State, South Sudan Introduction. Download PDF Title: Leadership Styles and the Management of Pastoralist–Farmer Conflict in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan Author: Asst. Prof. Dr. Nathan Peter Balli & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1250 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 28/10/2026 Date of Publication: 03/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1250.pdf Free download: Available Page: 258-282 First Page: 258 Last Page: 282 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Balli, N. P. & Adea, M. (2026). Leadership Styles and the Management of Pastoralist–Farmer Conflict in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 258-282.  https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1250 About Author (s) Asst. Prof. Dr. Nathan Peter Balli, Lecturer, School of Business and Management, University of Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author),  Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan; Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan; & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1250 --- ## Institutional and Technical Preparedness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: Bridging Policy Ambitions and Infrastructural Realities URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/9280 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-03 Institutional and Technical Preparedness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: Bridging Policy Ambitions and Infrastructural Realities  Author (s) Agai Agai Maluil Jok & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Abstract This study assesses the Bank of South Sudan’s preparedness for accession to the East African Monetary Union. It explores the relationship between policy commitments, operational capacity, and regional convergence requirements. A mixed-methods case study approach was adopted. The research draws on structured surveys, in-depth interviews with Bank of South Sudan personnel and policymakers, and documentary analysis of East African Community, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank sources. The findings show that the Bank of South Sudan has made progress in regulatory reform, digital payments, and workforce development. However, significant challenges remain in data quality, legal harmonization, leadership depth, and institutional memory. Statistical analysis reveals that reliable data systems, technical expertise, and continuous professional training are the strongest predictors of institutional readiness. These factors outweigh resource constraints or external policy directives. The study contributes new empirical evidence that successful monetary integration depends on bridging policy and infrastructure through internal capacity building and adaptive institutional learning. It concludes that South Sudan’s integration will require sequenced, context-driven reforms. These reforms should prioritize robust data infrastructures, ongoing staff development, and comprehensive legal and regulatory alignment. The research offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and development partners to bolster operational resilience and ensure that regional monetary integration is both effective and enduring. Keywords: East African Monetary Union, Bank of South Sudan, Institutional Capacity, Technical Infrastructure, Monetary Integration, Regional Convergence, Data Systems, Central Bank Preparedness, Capacity Building, Legal and Regulatory Harmonization, Post-Conflict Economies. Download PDF Title: Institutional and Technical Preparedness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: Bridging Policy Ambitions and Infrastructural Realities Author: Agai Agai Maluil Jok & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5022 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/10/2026 Date of Publication: 03/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5022.pdf Free download: Available Page: 199-221 First Page: 199 Last Page: 221 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Jok, A. A. M. & Adea, M., (2026). Institutional and Technical Preparedness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: Bridging Policy Ambitions and Infrastructural Realities, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 199-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5022 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5022.pdf About Author (s) Agai Agai Maluil Jok, Director General, Currency and Bank Operations, Bank of South Sudan, Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author), Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan; Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan; & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5022 --- ## From Policy Commitments to Digital Systems: Assessing Technical Infrastructure, Payment Architecture, and South Sudan Central Bank Readiness for the East African Monetary Union URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/9282 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-03 From Policy Commitments to Digital Systems: Assessing Technical Infrastructure, Payment Architecture, and South Sudan Central Bank Readiness for the East African Monetary Union  Author (s) Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea & Agai Agai Maluil Jok Abstract The East African Community’s pursuit of a single regional currency has intensified attention to the operational and technological foundations needed for a credible monetary union, especially in fragile and post-conflict settings. This study evaluates the Bank of South Sudan’s readiness for East African Monetary Union integration by examining the interplay among policy commitments, technical infrastructure, payment architecture, and institutional capacity. Utilizing a mixed-methods case study design, the research integrates structured surveys of sixty Bank of South Sudan staff, in-depth interviews with policymakers, and comprehensive analysis of East African Community, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank documentation. Findings indicate that while the Bank of South Sudan has advanced in digital payment modernization, regulatory reforms, and workforce development, significant obstacles remain, including unreliable data systems, incomplete legal harmonization, leadership gaps, and insufficient institutional memory. Statistical analysis reveals that robust data management, technical expertise, and continuous staff training are the primary drivers of central bank readiness, surpassing the influence of external resource constraints. This study adds new empirical insight by demonstrating that bridging the gap between policy ambition and digital implementation relies on sustained investment in internal capacity and adaptive institutional learning. The research concludes that South Sudan’s successful accession will require sequenced, context-specific reforms focused on digital infrastructure, human capital, and comprehensive regulatory alignment. Keywords: East African Monetary Union, Bank of South Sudan, Digital Transformation, Technical Infrastructure, Payment Architecture, Institutional Capacity, Data Management, Central Bank Readiness, Legal Harmonization, Capacity Building, Monetary Union, EAC Integration, Post-Conflict Reform. Download PDF Title: From Policy Commitments to Digital Systems: Assessing Technical Infrastructure, Payment Architecture, and South Sudan Central Bank Readiness for the East African Monetary Union Author: Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea & Agai Agai Maluil Jok Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5023 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/10/2026 Date of Publication: 03/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5023.pdf Free download: Available Page: 222-241 First Page: 222 Last Page: 241 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Jok, A. A. M. & Adea, M., (2026). Institutional and Technical Preparedness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: Bridging Policy Ambitions and Infrastructural Realities, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 199-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5023 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5023.pdf About Author (s) Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author), Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan; Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan; & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769 Agai Agai Maluil Jok, Director General, Currency and Bank Operations, Bank of South Sudan, Juba, Republic of South Sudan.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5023 --- ## Assessing the Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Integration: Institutional Capacity, Technical Preparedness, and Macroeconomic Convergence URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9276 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-03 Assessing the Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Integration: Institutional Capacity, Technical Preparedness, and Macroeconomic Convergence  Author (s) Agai Agai Maluil Jok & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Abstract This study assesses the readiness of the Bank of South Sudan (BoSS) for the East African Monetary Union (EAMU). It focuses on institutional capacity, technical preparedness, and macroeconomic convergence. A mixed-methods case study design was used. It combined structured surveys of 50 BoSS staff, semi-structured interviews with policymakers, and documentary analysis of EAC, IMF, and World Bank reports. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings show that BoSS has made progress through regulatory reforms, investments in payment systems, and staff qualifications. However, major challenges remain. The strongest predictors of decision-making efficiency and transparency were reliable data systems (B = 0.371, p = 0.049), staff technical expertise (B = 0.330, p = 0.037), and continuous training (B = 0.409, p = 0.009). Financial resources, legal frameworks, and regional cooperation were not significant predictors. The model explained 52.5% of the variance in decision-making outcomes. Gaps persist in legal harmonization, data quality, leadership depth, and long-term institutional experience. The study concludes that South Sudan’s accession to the EAMU requires a sequenced and evidence-driven approach. This should begin with targeted capacity building and continuous staff training, alongside the development of harmonized data systems to strengthen institutional and technical readiness. Accordingly, policymakers and development partners should prioritize investments in the institutional resilience and technical infrastructure of the Bank of South Sudan (BoSS) to ensure its capacity to meet the requirements of EAMU accession. Keywords: East African Monetary Union, Bank of South Sudan, Institutional Capacity, Technical Readiness, Monetary Integration, Regional Convergence, Data Management, Central Banking, Capacity Building, Legal Harmonization. Download PDF Title: Assessing the Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Integration: Institutional Capacity, Technical Preparedness, and Macroeconomic Convergence Author: Agai Agai Maluil Jok & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2708 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/10/2026 Date of Publication: 03/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2708.pdf Free download: Available Page: 146-166 First Page: 146 Last Page: 166 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Jok, A. A. M. & Adea, M., (2026). Assessing the Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Integration: Institutional Capacity, Technical Preparedness, and Macroeconomic Convergence International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 146-166.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2707 About Author (s) Agai Agai Maluil Jok, Director General, Currency and Bank Operations, Bank of South Sudan, Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author), Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan; Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan; & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2708 --- ## Institutional and Technical Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: A Public Financial Management Perspective URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9274 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-03 Institutional and Technical Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: A Public Financial Management Perspective  Author (s) Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea & Agai Agai Maluil Jok Abstract This study evaluates the readiness of the Bank of South Sudan (BoSS) to meet the convergence standards of the East African Monetary Union (EAMU). Public financial institutions in Africa face growing pressure to demonstrate governance capacity, operational efficiency, and accountability. Regional monetary integration adds another layer of demand. The EAC’s push toward a single currency requires member central banks to align their legal, statistical, and operational systems. For South Sudan, the newest EAC member, this means overcoming deep institutional and technical challenges. A mixed-methods design was used. Data came from structured surveys and semi-structured interviews with central bank officials and regional experts. Documentary analysis of policy reports and regulatory documents supplemented the primary data. Findings show progress in regulatory reforms, payment system modernization, and initial macroeconomic stabilization. However, significant gaps remain. These include incomplete legal harmonization, weak statistical and data management capacity, low foreign reserves, limited human resource expertise, and poor cross-border regulatory coordination. Regression analysis shows that technical capacity is the strongest driver of institutional readiness. Staff expertise, continuous training, and reliable data systems matter more than resource limits or regulatory hurdles. The study concludes that South Sudan’s integration into the EAMU will require a sequenced, evidence-based approach. Targeted capacity building, legal and regulatory reform, and stronger regional cooperation should form the backbone of this strategy. For public financial managers, the findings show that internal controls, audit quality, and data integrity are not back-office concerns. They are core determinants of institutional readiness. Policymakers should prioritize investment in institutional development and technical infrastructure. Keywords: Monetary Integration, Central Bank Readiness, Public Financial Management, Institutional Capacity, Technical Capacity, South Sudan. Download PDF Title: Institutional and Technical Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: A Public Financial Management Perspective Author: Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea & Agai Agai Maluil Jok Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2707 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/10/2026 Date of Publication: 03/11/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2707.pdf Free download: Available Page: 126-145 First Page: 126 Last Page: 145 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Adea, M. & Jok, A. A. M.  (2026). Institutional and Technical Readiness of the Bank of South Sudan for East African Monetary Union Integration: A Public Financial Management Perspective, International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 126-145.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2707 About Author (s) Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author), Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan; Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan; & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769 Agai Agai Maluil Jok, Director General, Currency and Bank Operations, Bank of South Sudan, Juba, Republic of South Sudan.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2707 --- ## Advancing Approximation of Unbounded Functions Using Hybrid Linear Operators: A Comparative Study with Classical Operators URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9051 Type: post Modified: 2026-11-01 Advancing Approximation of Unbounded Functions Using Hybrid Linear Operators: A Comparative Study with Classical Operators Author (s) Nagham Ali Hussen Abstract This paper investigates the unbounded approximation functions based on weighted spaces via a novel integration for hybrid-based linear operators. Although previous studies related to Bernstein-Durrmeyer, Fejér, and operators of Jackson have received restricted attention, is used to be devoted for formulation-based hybrid has the ability to enhance both the convergence rather than stability in weighted spaces for unbounded functions. This paper is used to present a generalized framework correlated to approximation mixed operators, which facilitate main features and properties of conventional operators, including operator-based Bernstein-Durrmeyer, Fejér, and Jackson. After that, the direct theorem rather than an inverse theorem has been built for characterizing the approximation properties of such operators across particular weight formulations. The behavior of these hybrid operators is analyzed with respect to their rate of convergence and stability when applied to unbounded functions. Additionally, producing a modified modulus of smoothness to measure the quality of approximation and investigate its interplay with other smoothness metrics. The results provide new theorems to insights into the approximation of unbounded functions and open pathways for further exploration in weighted approximation theory. Key words: Hybrid linear operators, Weighted spaces, Approximation, Unbounded functions, Rate of convergence. Download PDF Title: Advancing Approximation of Unbounded Functions Using Hybrid Linear Operators: A Comparative Study with Classical Operators Author: Nagham Ali Hussen Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1225 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 30/06/2026 Date of Publication: 04/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1225.pdf Free download: Available Page: 450-465 First Page: 450 Last Page: 465 Paper Type: Mathematical Article Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Hussen, N. A. (2026). Advancing Approximation of Unbounded Functions Using Hybrid Linear Operators: A Comparative Study with Classical Operators, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 450-465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1225   About Author (s) Nagham Ali Hussen, University of Information technology and communications, College of Engineering, Mobile Computing and Communications engineering, Baghdad, Iraq. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-4065   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1225 --- ## Non-Invasive Cloud-Native Retrofitting of Production Monitoring via Authorized Web APIs: Field Evidence from 50 PLC-Connected Machines URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9268 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-29 Non-Invasive Cloud-Native Retrofitting of Production Monitoring via Authorized Web APIs: Field Evidence from 50 PLC-Connected Machines Author (s) Md. Baki Billah Ripon, Md. Abu Hasib, & Nadia Islam Noyshi Abstract The Brownfield manufacturers may require a dependable production data without altering the current programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or supervisory systems. It is a non-invasive field study on a single site that is conducted using a non-invasive monitoring overlay, which is based on an authorized manufacturing web API to investigate whether counter-derived production indicators can be trusted when there is a communication break. Machine records were acquired by Google Apps Script and state persistence, history and visualization were supported by Google Sheets. The effective telemetry window consisted of 36,600 observations of 50 machines connected to PLC during 732 refresh cycles (12.23 h). The successful cycles all yielded full 50-machine panels, temporal refresh coverage was 99.59, and the average API response time was 1,015.98 ms (95th percentile: 1,528.6 ms). The main result was a data-quality failure, not a timing constraint: there were 5 cycles of fleet-wide communication-loss followed by 245 cycles of restoration transitions that accounted for 99.975% of the unfiltered positive counter-difference total. A communication-sensitive classification was thus used to differentiate between OFFLINE and immediate RECOVERY observations and assessable RUN and STOP comparisons. With 500 offline/recovery observations excluded, 36,100 observations were assessable, and the corrected production-active fraction was 44.55% (machine-cluster bootstrap 95% confidence interval: 35.91%-53.20%). Another 166.58-h execution-log window had 9,943 failed attempts at acquisition, with 9,941 being HTTP 500 responses. These results determine four decision-relevant requirements: rule out recovery artifacts, condition production states based on continuity of communication, differentiate PLC connectivity and production activity, and show collector, source and machine communication health individually. The evidence confirms that minute-scale reporting is feasible in this specific deployment, but not that physical machine states, or that the results can be generalized to other locations, or that there are economic returns. Key words: Brownfield manufacturing, Industrial data quality, Authorized web APIs, Communication-aware state classification, Production decision support, Production monitoring, Smart retrofitting, Operational visibility. Download PDF Title: Non-Invasive Cloud-Native Retrofitting of Production Monitoring via Authorized Web APIs: Field Evidence from 50 PLC-Connected Machines Author: Md. Baki Billah Ripon, Md. Abu Hasib, & Nadia Islam Noyshi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1249 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 28/10/2026 Date of Publication: 29/10/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1249.pdf Free download: Available Page: 236-257 First Page: 236 Last Page: 257 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Ripon, M. B. B, Hasib, M. A., & Noyshi, N. I. (2026). Non-Invasive Cloud-Native Retrofitting of Production Monitoring via Authorized Web APIs: Field Evidence from 50 PLC-Connected Machines, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 236-257.  https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1249 About Author (s) Md. Baki Billah Ripon (Corresponding author), Graduate, Industrial & Production Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3544-4015 Md. Abu Hasib, Graduate, Industrial and Production Engineering, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nadia Islam Noyshi, Department of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1249 --- ## Assessing the Relationship Between Social Financing and Community Development in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9263 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-28 Assessing the Relationship Between Social Financing and Community Development in Bangladesh  Author (s) Md. Sajadul Islam Sarker Abstract This study finds that socially oriented financial mechanisms improve socioeconomic well-being, empowerment, inclusion, and collective growth. Rural and impoverished communities in Bangladesh generally lack access to formal banking services, income-generating opportunities, and socioeconomic equality. By incorporating credit, savings, mutual support, social solidarity, women’s empowerment, collective involvement, and community engagement, social financing and microfinance have become key tools for financial inclusion and community development. Financial interventions promote development in financial and social ways. Microfinance and community-based financial initiatives in Bangladesh have improved financial decision-making, savings, income, and expenditure, and have empowered rural women. However, community-level consequences have received less attention. Therefore, the study examines whether social finance significantly affects community development. Quantitative Analysis used Pearson’s chi-square test and Cramér’s V to assess the strength of the association. The study yielded a Pearson chi-square value of 112.441 (p < 0.001) and a Cramér’s V of 0.612. The hypothesis is supported, demonstrating a robust correlation between social finance and community growth. Financing, social inclusion, collective involvement, women’s empowerment, savings, training, leadership, and community engagement appear to improve inclusive and sustainable development. Thus, politicians, microfinance institutions, NGOs, and development agencies should use socially oriented funding alternatives in addition to loans for community development. Keywords: Social capital, Financial inclusion, Women empowerment, Community development and Microfinance. Download PDF Title: Assessing the Relationship Between Social Financing and Community Development in Bangladesh Author: Md. Sajadul Islam Sarker Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2706 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 25/10/2026 Date of Publication: 28/10/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2706.pdf Free download: Available Page: 110-125 First Page: 110 Last Page: 125 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Sarker, M. S. I. (2026). Assessing the Relationship Between Social Financing and Community Development in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2706 About Author (s) Md. Sajadul Islam Sarker, Associate Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Leading University, Sylhet-3112, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-9234   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2706 --- ## Organizational Response towards Climate Change for Sustainable Existence and Development: Bangladesh Perspective URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9145 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-28 Organizational Response towards Climate Change for Sustainable Existence and Development: Bangladesh Perspective  Author (s) Mohammad Main Uddin Abstract Organizations around the world are taking more action by adapting to and mitigating climate change. But the inertia and apathy of organizations is still a key impediment to a successful shift towards a low-polluting and climate-resilient economy. This study is designed to investigate the status of organizational responses to climate change in Bangladesh, keeping in view of 15 factors associated with organizational response to climate change. Content analysis method was used in the study, where the annual reports of 262 companies from15 different sectors listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) were analyzed to evaluate the climate change response of the organizations for each of the fifteen factors identified and to compare the level of climate change response across sectors. The results indicate that the organizations’ climate change actions in Bangladesh are in the relatively nascent stage. While some organizations have started work on climate-change related topics, many still see climate-change responses yet another form of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and not as part of the organization’s strategy or risk management. Financial institutions, especially banks, have robust responses to climate change among the 15 sectors analyzed. The answers to most other sectors, by contrast, are much weaker and still disappointing, suggesting significant under-preparedness and lack of interest or action among companies in addressing climate-related issues. The results will give guidance to policymakers, regulatory institutions, business organizations, industry associations, NGOs, voluntary organizations and academia to evaluate the status of corporate response to climate change in Bangladesh. Keywords: Climate adaptation, Mitigation approaches, Environmental sustainability, Organizational response. Download PDF Title: Organizational Response towards Climate Change for Sustainable Existence and Development: Bangladesh Perspective Author: Mohammad Main Uddin Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2705 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 25/08/2026 Date of Publication: 26/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2705.pdf Free download: Available Page: 87-109 First Page: 87 Last Page: 109 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Uddin, M. M. (2026). Organizational Response towards Climate Change for Sustainable Existence and Development: Bangladesh Perspective, International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 87-109.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2705 About Author (s) Mohammad Main Uddin, Associate Professor, Department of Accounting, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-2087   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2705 --- ## Bridging the Digital Divide: Assessing the Interplay of Digital Literacy, Infrastructure, and Policy in Shaping Sierra Leone’s Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystem URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9260 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-25 Bridging the Digital Divide: Assessing the Interplay of Digital Literacy, Infrastructure, and Policy in Shaping Sierra Leone’s Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystem  Author (s) Alusine Boys Conteh & Peter Jesse Saxo-Decker Abstract Sierra Leone’s digital entrepreneurship ecosystem is emerging against a backdrop of significant structural constraints. National data place internet penetration at roughly 25.1 percent of the population, mobile penetration at 50.3 percent, and smartphone ownership among adults at 28.53 percent, with the country ranking 38th of 47 African nations on the International Telecommunication Union’s ICT Development Index. Drawing on digital entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, digital divide theory, and institutional theory, this study develops three hypotheses and tests them with a survey of 200 digital and digitally enabled entrepreneurs and aspiring entrepreneurs in Freetown, Bo, and Makeni, supplemented by illustrative contextual interviews with entrepreneurs and key informants. Digital literacy was rated effective by 35% of respondents, infrastructure by 30%, and the policy and regulatory framework by only 12.5%, while half of respondents (50%) could not characterise the policy environment at all. Overall assessments of the ecosystem were the most negative of the four measures, with 40% identifying a clear gap and only 10% describing conditions as effective. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests and 95% confidence intervals show that these distributions differ significantly from an even spread of opinion (all p < .01) and that policy uncertainty is significantly higher than uncertainty about literacy or infrastructure. The findings suggest that policy and regulatory clarity, more than raw infrastructure or literacy alone, may be the most under-addressed dimension of the ecosystem. The study concludes with theoretical contributions, evidence-linked applications, and recommendations for the Ministry of Communication, Technology and Innovation (MOCTI), the Directorate of Science, Technology and Innovation (DSTI), and development partners on sequencing future ecosystem-building investment. Keywords: Digital entrepreneurship, Digital divide, Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Digital literacy, ICT infrastructure, Policy and regulation, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Bridging the Digital Divide: Assessing the Interplay of Digital Literacy, Infrastructure, and Policy in Shaping Sierra Leone’s Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Author: Alusine Boys Conteh & Peter Jesse Saxo-Decker Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2723 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 22/10/2026 Date of Publication: 25/10/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2723.pdf Free download: Available Page: 131-145 First Page: 131 Last Page: 145 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Conteh, A. B. & Saxo-Decker, P. J. (2026). Bridging the Digital Divide: Assessing the Interplay of Digital Literacy, Infrastructure, and Policy in Shaping Sierra Leone’s Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystem, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2723 About Author (s) Alusine Boys Conteh (Corresponding Author), Business Education Unit, Faculty of Business & Entrepreneurship, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science & Technology, Port Loko, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7376-3390 Peter Jesse Saxo-Decker, Master of Professional Accounting, Shanghai National Accounting Institute, Shanghai, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2723 --- ## Submission Guidelines URL: https://www.ijsab.com/submission-guidelines Type: page Modified: 2026-10-22 Author Guidelines Authors are requested to carefully follow the guidelines below before submitting their manuscripts. Compliance with these instructions ensures a smooth peer-review and publication process. Submission Process Initial Submission: Submit your manuscript using the online submission form and wait for the editorial decision and reviewer reports. Revision Submission: If revisions are requested, submit your corrected manuscript through Revision Submission Form. Publication Fee: Upon final acceptance by the Editorial Board, complete the required publication payment process. Download Template (Optional) IJSB Template JSR Template Manuscript Preparation Manuscripts must be written in English (American or British usage accepted) and prepared in MS Word format (2003 or later) using Cambria font on A4-sized pages. The title should be concise, bold (14 pt), and capitalize the first letter of each major word. Avoid unnecessary punctuation and underlining. Author names should be listed in bold (12 pt) with full institutional affiliations, postal addresses, country, telephone number, and email address (italic, 12 pt). ORCID IDs are recommended for all authors, especially the corresponding author. The abstract must not exceed 250 words and should be written as an unstructured abstract. It should clearly summarize the study’s aims, methods, key results, and practical applications. References should be avoided in the abstract. Do not use subheadings such as “Aim,” “Methods,” “Results,” or “Applications.” Provide 5–8 keywords immediately following the abstract, separated by commas. Follow manuscript structure: Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review, Research Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgment (optional), and References. Manuscript length: 5,000–10,000 words, including references. All tables and figures must be clearly cited and discussed within the main text. Tables should have titles above and sources below. Figures and diagrams should include captions below. Avoid vertical lines in tables. Papers based solely on frequency analysis are not accepted. Priority is given to studies that explore variable relationships using regression, structural equation modeling, or time series analysis. This does not apply to review articles or case studies. References must follow APA style. Ensure all in-text citations have corresponding reference entries and vice versa. Arrange references alphabetically. Avoid excessive subheading numbering, symbols, or lecture-note formatting. Manuscripts should be written in coherent academic paragraphs with logical flow and professional presentation. Manuscripts prepared in LaTeX must be converted to Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) format before submission; mathematical equations may remain in LaTeX format. Types of Articles Original Articles: 10–22 pages including references, covering all structured sections. Review Articles: 5–12 pages including references. Case Studies: Maximum 3,000 words. Ethical Requirements & Final Checklist Manuscript has been thoroughly proofread for grammatical accuracy. Abstract does not exceed 250 words (unstructured abstract). Word count is within 5,000–10,000 words. APA citation style strictly followed. All tables and figures properly labeled and cited in the main text. All in-text citations match reference list. Funding sources and conflicts of interest declared. Excessive subheading numbering, symbols, or lecture-style formatting have been avoided. Manuscript written in coherent academic paragraphs with logical flow and professional presentation. Manuscripts should explore relationships between variables using appropriate statistical analyses rather than solely reporting frequencies (except for review articles or case studies). Copyright terms reviewed. Select the Right Journal Use the table below to choose the journal that best fits your research area. This will help ensure your manuscript aligns with the journal’s scope and increases the likelihood of acceptance. Journal Subjects / Scope Publication Type International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Management, Economics, Entrepreneurship, IT, Applied Sciences with Business Implications Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Studies Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) Science, Engineering, Business, Multidisciplinary Fields (Agriculture, IT, Engineering, Management, Economics, Social Sciences) Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Studies, Conceptual Frameworks, Technical Notes Journal of Market Research (JMR) Marketing, Finance, Economics; includes Consumer Behavior, Corporate Finance, Macroeconomics, Market Analytics Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Studies Promotional Publication Fees The following promotional fees are discounted from the original publication fees and include service charges. Payment is required after manuscript acceptance to cover publication and indexing costs. Journal Online Publication Fee (up to 4 authors. For more than 4 authors, additional charges apply: USD 10 / 60 RMB / 300 BDT per author.) Online + Print Publication Fee (3 copies) International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) USD 65 / RMB 425 / BDT 5,000 USD 130 / RMB 900 / BDT 6,500 Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) USD 65 / RMB 425 / BDT 5,000 USD 130 / RMB 900 / BDT 6,500 Journal of Market Research (JMR) USD 65 / RMB 425 / BDT 5,000 USD 130 / RMB 900 / BDT 6,500 For full details, visit the Fee and Payment Process page. --- ## Working-Capital-Related Financial Management and Institutional Performance: Evidence from A Call to Business Savings and Loans Limited, Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/9251 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-17 Working-Capital-Related Financial Management and Institutional Performance: Evidence from A Call to Business Savings and Loans Limited, Sierra Leone  Author (s) Joseph Davies & Alusine Frederick Kargbo Abstract This study examines working-capital-related financial management at A Call to Business Savings and Loans Limited (ACTB), a Sierra Leonean intermediary serving micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, and describes the observable relationship between balance-sheet structure and institutional performance across publicly documented observations. By treating a deposit-taking lender as the unit of analysis, the study contributes to finance research on banking and financial innovation in frontier markets, where balance-sheet choices shape both credit access and institutional resilience. The study adopts a quantitative single-institution case-study approach to publicly documented observations, principally December 2013 and June 2018, with later observations used as context. Analysis uses financial-ratio calculations, nominal percentage-change calculations, percentage-point comparisons and descriptive balance-sheet analysis. The loan portfolio increased by 346.37 per cent, total assets by 398.36 per cent, savings by 882.49 per cent, equity by 553.38 per cent, and borrowers by 157.29 per cent. Loan-portfolio intensity declined from 67.01 per cent to 60.02 per cent, while savings intensity rose from 7.18 per cent to 14.15 per cent. PAR30 rose from 7.18 per cent to 8.85 per cent, following a 2014 crisis peak of 26 per cent. The study reconstructs publicly reported ACTB observations transparently and adapts working-capital analysis to a deposit-taking lender in a fragile-state setting. The paper thereby offers a replicable diagnostic framework for financial institutions operating where audited multi-year data are scarce. Keywords: Working Capital Management, Institutional Performance, Loan Portfolio, Funding Structure, Microfinance, Sierra Leone, ACTB. Download PDF Title: Working-Capital-Related Financial Management and Institutional Performance: Evidence from A Call to Business Savings and Loans Limited, Sierra Leone Author: Joseph Davies & Alusine Frederick Kargbo Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5021 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 10/10/2026 Date of Publication: 16/10/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5021.pdf Free download: Available Page: 182-198 First Page: 182 Last Page: 198 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Davies, J. & Kargbo, A. F. (2026). Working-Capital-Related Financial Management and Institutional Performance: Evidence from A Call to Business Savings and Loans Limited, Sierra Leone, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 182-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5021 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5021.pdf About Author (s) Joseph Davies (Corresponding Author), Strategic Data Analytics Consultancy and Research Centre (StraDARC), Makeni City, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2086-9434 Alusine Frederick Kargbo, Strategic Data Analytics Consultancy and Research Centre (StraDARC), Makeni City, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1679-5034   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5021 --- ## Strategic Planning as a Tool for Organizational Transformation in the Insurance Industry: Evidence from the National Insurance Corporation of Uganda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9248 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-15 Strategic Planning as a Tool for Organizational Transformation in the Insurance Industry: Evidence from the National Insurance Corporation of Uganda  Author (s) Associate Professor Dr. Mark Mbuga Kayongo   Abstract This study investigates the effect of strategic planning practices on organizational transformation in the insurance industry, with a focus on the National Insurance Corporation (NIC) Uganda. Strategic planning has evolved globally from rigid, hierarchical frameworks to dynamic, innovation-driven models that are critical in guiding digitalization, product innovation, and customer-centric strategies in insurance. The research employed a cross-sectional descriptive design using quantitative and qualitative methods to assess planning practices at NIC and their influence on transformation outcomes. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between strategic planning and organizational transformation (R = 0.677, R² = 0.459, p < 0.05), indicating that 45.9% of variance in transformation can be explained by planning practices. Key strategic dimensions examined include goal setting, environmental scanning, stakeholder engagement, resource alignment, and monitoring. Despite progress, NIC faces challenges such as legacy systems, resource constraints, and inconsistent execution. The study concluded that strategic planning is a vital enabler for enhancing operational efficiency, innovation, and adaptability in Uganda’s insurance sector. It is recommended that the insurance sector should strengthen resource allocation, standardize analytical tools, improve communication, and foster a culture of continuous improvement to sustain transformation. The study contributes to Strategic Management Theory and Kotter’s Change Management Theory by demonstrating their complementary application in a resource-constrained African insurance context. Keywords: Strategic Planning, Organizational Transformation, Insurance Industry, National Insurance Corporation Uganda, Digital Innovation. Download PDF Title: Strategic Planning as a Tool for Organizational Transformation in the Insurance Industry: Evidence from the National Insurance Corporation of Uganda Author: Mark Mbuga Kayongo Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2722 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 06/10/2026 Date of Publication: 12/10/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2722.pdf Free download: Available Page: 112-130 First Page: 112 Last Page: 130 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Kayongo, M. M. (2026). Strategic Planning as a Tool for Organizational Transformation in the Insurance Industry: Evidence from the National Insurance Corporation of Uganda, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2722 About Author (s) Associate Professor Dr. Mark Mbuga Kayongo, Faculty of Business and Management ,Department of Finance and Accounting, International University of East Africa, Kampala, Uganda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2722 --- ## From Consultation to Contention: Institutional Feedback Gaps, Social Capital, and the Decoupling of Citizen Voice in Mongolia’s South Gobi URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9245 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-15 From Consultation to Contention: Institutional Feedback Gaps, Social Capital, and the Decoupling of Citizen Voice in Mongolia’s South Gobi Author (s) Usukhbayar Vaanchig, Chimgee Dari, & Oyuntungalag Buyantur Abstract Mining conflict is usually recorded when disagreement becomes visible, and participation is the standard instrument for preventing it. Yet consultation and conflict frequently coexist. This study locates the mechanism in what happens after people speak, defining an institutional feedback gap as a condition in which opportunities for voice are not reliably connected to reasoned response, corrective action and communication of the outcome. The design is a convergent mixed-methods embedded case study of one South Gobi province combining three strands: the six statutory provisions naming a party to mining consultation; a survey of 244 herding households recording which of four participation positions each occupies, modelled as a three-stage cascade by continuation-ratio logistic regression with Firth penalization; and a comparative analysis of 150 participants yielding three grievance-response configurations, defined by institutional process rather than by locality. The strands converge. An occasion to speak arose for 82.0% of surveyed households, 57.5% of those spoke, and 13.9% of those were answered. Individual resources, engagement and associational infrastructure predict position at no stage; perceived company openness raises passage at every gate by 9.6 to 17.3 percentage points without stage-specificity, while perceived state responsiveness is inert at the first two gates and decisive at the last, at 15.0 percentage points. The statutory strand shows why: provisions creating access are permissive, those touching the decision are state-held and set no binding standard, and one deems failure to respond an approval. Bonding, bridging and linking ties determine whether voice reaches authority, not whether it is answered. Key words: Mining Conflict, Institutional Feedback Gap, Social Capital, Citizen Participation, Means–Ends Decoupling, Grievance Mechanisms, Pastoralism, Mongolia. Download PDF Title: From Consultation to Contention: Institutional Feedback Gaps, Social Capital, and the Decoupling of Citizen Voice in Mongolia’s South Gobi Author: Usukhbayar Vaanchig, Chimgee Dari, & Oyuntungalag Buyantur Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1248 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 12/10/2026 Date of Publication: 15/10/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1248.pdf Free download: Available Page: 213-235 First Page: 213 Last Page: 235 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Vaanchig, U., Dari, C., & Buyantur, O. (2026). From Consultation to Contention: Institutional Feedback Gaps, Social Capital, and the Decoupling of Citizen Voice in Mongolia’s South Gobi, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 213-235.  https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1248 About Author (s) Usukhbayar Vaanchig, School of Economics and Business, Ulaanbaatar Erdem University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Chimgee Dari, School of Engineering and Environment, Ulaanbaatar Erdem University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-995X Oyuntungalag Buyantur (Corresponding Author), School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8698   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1248 --- ## Educational Technology in a Post-Pandemic World: Global Trends, East Asian Perspectives, and Persistent Divides (2020–2026) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9242 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-14 Educational Technology in a Post-Pandemic World: Global Trends, East Asian Perspectives, and Persistent Divides (2020–2026) Author (s) Chernor Amadu Jalloh, Koroma Abu Bakarr, Alimamy Gbla, Gabriel Jusu, & Sullay Kargbo Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the institutionalisation of online and hybrid education. At the same time, the subsequent diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), learning analytics, and smart learning environments introduced new pedagogical, governance, and equity challenges. This systematic literature review synthesises 30 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and the review search cut-off in 2026, with particular attention to East Asian evidence in a global comparative perspective. Guided by PRISMA 2020, the review examines four mutually conditioning dimensions of post-pandemic educational technology: technological affordances, pedagogical integration, institutional capacity, and equitable participation. The synthesis shows that technology adoption and infrastructure expansion alone do not establish educational value. Meaningful outcomes depend on whether institutions translate technological capability into pedagogically appropriate course design, assessment, feedback, learner support, responsible data practices, and accessible conditions for participation. East Asian studies demonstrate rapid development in GenAI adoption, smart classrooms, learning analytics, and institutional digitalisation, but also reveal persistent rural–urban, literacy, participation, and outcome inequalities. Across contexts, the evidence further indicates that AI governance is not merely an administrative issue: policies governing transparency, privacy, accountability, academic integrity, and staff development can shape whether AI-mediated education mitigates or reproduces existing digital divides. The review advances an alignment framework in which durable and equitable educational value emerges when technological affordances are matched by pedagogical integration, institutional capacity, equitable participation, and responsible AI governance. It concludes by proposing testable propositions and a future research agenda focused on longitudinal outcomes, learner agency, privacy, institutional readiness, and comparative equity. Key words: Educational technology, post-pandemic education, Generative artificial intelligence, AI governance, Digital divide, East Asia, Systematic literature review. Download PDF Title: Educational Technology in a Post-Pandemic World: Global Trends, East Asian Perspectives, and Persistent Divides (2020–2026) Author: Chernor Amadu Jalloh, Koroma Abu Bakarr, Alimamy Gbla, Gabriel Jusu, & Sullay Kargbo Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1247 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/10/2026 Date of Publication: 14/10/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1247.pdf Free download: Available Page: 192-212 First Page: 192 Last Page: 212 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Jalloh, C. A., Bakarr, K. A., Gbla, A., Jusu, G., & Kargbo, S. (2026). Educational Technology in a Post-Pandemic World: Global Trends, East Asian Perspectives, and Persistent Divides (2020–2026), Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 192-212. About Author (s) Chernor Amadu Jalloh (Corresponding Author), School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China; Mass Communications Department, Fourah Bay College (FBC), University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2140-1447 Koroma Abu Bakarr, Department of Business Administration, School of Economics and Management (SEM), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Centre for West African Studies (CWAS), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC); Chengdu 611731, China; Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Accounting and Finance Department, Faculty of Business and Entrepreneurship, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3613-104X Alimamy Gbla, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8892-0855 Gabriel Jusu, School of Automation Engineering (SAE), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China; Department of Mathematics and Integrated Sciences/ Teacher Education, School of Education, Njala University, Sierra Leone;  Department of Environmental Sciences, Eastern Technical University, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1775-0284 Sullay Kargbo, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China; Department of Accounting, University of Makeni (UNIMAK), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7685-6718   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1247 --- ## Effect of Health Care Expenditures on Child Mortality Rates: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-25-issue-1/6027 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-14 Effect of Health Care Expenditures on Child Mortality Rates: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa  Author (s) Khisa Eugine Wekulo, Xie Yuantao, & Muyundo Calvin Mukumbi Abstract In the process of trying to reduce the risk of child mortality across the world, financing is crucial in the delivery of positive results. This research was carried to evaluate how healthcare expenditures affect child mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Some researchers on this topic have claimed healthcare expenditure has an influence on child mortality while others differ with the ideas. This research divided healthcare expenditure into public, private, and total healthcare expenditures and analyzed them differently on how they affect child mortality. Additionally, it employed panel data for 32 SSA states instead of 45 states due to data availability. The data utilized was from the World Bank’s Development Indicators from 2005 to 2016. The data for under-five and infant mortalities were used to represent child mortality rates. The result from the panel linear regression showed that healthcare expenditure has a significant effect on child mortality rates. The elasticity estimation results indicate public and total expenditures are more significant and have high effects on child mortality rates than private expenditure. The findings from the study suggest that healthcare expenditure reduces child mortality rates but after some time to deliver the right as financing is a time dimensional variable. The study recommends that the healthcare expenditure in the health sector in SSA should be continuous and done in effective ways to reduce child mortality rates. Keywords: Healthcare expenditure, Child mortality rates, Public healthcare, Private healthcare, and Sub-Saharan African. Download PDF Title: Effect of Health Care Expenditures on Child Mortality Rates: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa Author: Khisa Eugine Wekulo, Xie Yuantao, & Muyundo Calvin Mukumbi Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2192 Media: Online Volume: 25 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2023 Acceptance Date: 23/06/2023 Date of Publication: 26/06/2023 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2192.pdf Free download: Available Page: 151–174 First Page: 151 Last Page: 174 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Khisa Eugine Wekulo, Xie Yuantao, & Muyundo Calvin Mukumbi (2023). Effect of Health Care Expenditures on Child Mortality Rates: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Science and Business, 25(1), 151-174. doi: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2192 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2192.pdf   About Author (s) Khisa Eugine Wekulo (corresponding author), Masters of Finance, Actuarial Science and risk Management, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China.  Prof. Xie Yuantao, Executive Dean, School of Insurance and Economics, Professor of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China. Muyundo Calvin Mukumbi, PhD Candidate, School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2192 --- ## Classical and Modern Statistical Tests for Two-Sample Location Problems for Continuous Data: A Comprehensive Review URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9234 Type: post Modified: 2026-10-05 Classical and Modern Statistical Tests for Two-Sample Location Problems for Continuous Data: A Comprehensive Review Author (s) Israa Abdulameer Resen Abstract The area of statistical analysis has been evolving steadily over time to cope with the complexity of comparing two samples, especially in location problems. This comprehensive review attempts to discuss both classical and modern statistical methods for comparing two samples and analyse their strengths and weaknesses. Classical methods have been successfully used to evaluate mean differences between two samples for a long period of time. However, the assumption of normality of the distribution of data and equality of variances makes them less usable in practice. Modern methods that do not make such assumptions should be considered when comparing two samples of data. The Mann-Whitney U test is one of the most popular among nonparametric statistics. Another example of modern statistics is the permutation method used to estimate the significance of the difference in the mean values between two groups. Advantages of these methods include the opportunity to analyse heterogeneous data or small samples, that are the reason for using nonparametric statistics. The use of advanced computational techniques and new software in the area of statistical testing is also worth discussing. Resampling methods can be used for generating more precise confidence intervals and p-values. Machine learning algorithms and other computational methods can be used in addition to classical statistical theory to improve the prediction of results. For example, the use of support vector machines in the area of two-sample comparison will increase the accuracy of results.  Numerous studies address classical and modern approaches to comparing two samples; however, there is a lack of systematic comparison regarding the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Most studies rely on the results of a single type of test to compare two data samples in real-world contexts, without considering whether the underlying assumptions are met. Furthermore, the evolution of statistical theory necessitates a discussion of new data types and their impact on the selection of statistical methods for comparison; indeed, comparing classical approaches with modern computational methods can contribute to the future advancement of statistical theory. Therefore, this review outlines the key frameworks that integrate classical and modern approaches for comparing two samples. Key words: Statistical Tests, Location of Two Samples, Resampling Methods, Normality Assumption, Bootstrapping Methods, Permutation Methods, Bayesian Methods, Machine Learning. Download PDF Title: Classical and Modern Statistical Tests for Two-Sample Location Problems for Continuous Data: A Comprehensive Review Author: Israa Abdulameer Resen Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1246 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 02/10/2026 Date of Publication: 05.10/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1246.pdf Free download: Available Page: 180-191 First Page: 180 Last Page: 191 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Resen, I. A. (2026). Classical and Modern Statistical Tests for Two-Sample Location Problems for Continuous Data: A Comprehensive Review, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 180-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1246   About Author (s) Israa Abdulameer Resen, Department of Mobile Communications and Computing Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Information Technology and Communications (UoITC), Baghdad, Iraq. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5590-010X   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1246 --- ## Relocation-Based Automotive Upholstery Atelier Growth Strategy: How Location Shapes Revenue, Customer Access, and Market Quality URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9230 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-29 Relocation-Based Automotive Upholstery Atelier Growth Strategy: How Location Shapes Revenue, Customer Access, and Market Quality Author (s) Maksym Hrunskyi Abstract This article examines relocation as a growth instrument for a small or medium-sized automotive upholstery atelier and studies the problem more deeply than a simple distance-to-customer explanation would allow. The paper asks whether moving an atelier closer to denser car ownership, stronger purchasing power, and more active automotive consumer clusters can expand order volume and revenue. To answer that question, the article develops an evidence-linked empirical use case by synthesising English-language studies on firm relocation, spatial demand, service location, automotive after-sales behaviour, customer choice, and the geography of vehicle-related services. The central argument is that automotive upholstery differs from many other local services because demand is shaped not only by proximity but also by client convenience, trust formation, the district’s symbolic status, partner density, and the psychological effort required to initiate a high-involvement custom order. For that reason, location is not merely a background condition; it is a business variable that shapes workshop visibility, conversion, average order value, repeat demand, and partnership attractiveness for dealerships, detailing studios, used-car sellers, and private vehicle owners. The article proposes an applied framework that links market proximity, purchasing power, visibility, complementary business ecosystems, and workshop throughput, then demonstrates its use through a parameterised scenario in which an atelier relocates from a peripheral low-density area to a suburban automotive corridor with greater vehicle concentration and stronger income indicators. Five testable propositions are derived from the reviewed evidence, and the projection is stress-tested against lower conversion, a narrower travel threshold, an unchanged order mix, and higher rent. The worked example suggests that relocation may create growth not through simple price inflation but through several connected effects: higher customer accessibility, lower market friction, stronger trust signalling, better referral integration, and access to segments able to sustain higher-value interior restoration and customisation orders. The article contributes a practitioner-oriented model for using existing empirical research to make small-scale strategic decisions under limited-data conditions. Key words: Automotive upholstery atelier, Relocation strategy, Market proximity, Purchasing power, Workshop visibility, Complementary business ecosystem, Service location, Empirical use case. Download PDF Title: Relocation-Based Automotive Upholstery Atelier Growth Strategy: How Location Shapes Revenue, Customer Access, and Market Quality Author: Maksym Hrunskyi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1245 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 26/09/2026 Date of Publication: 29/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1245.pdf Free download: Available Page: 166-179 First Page: 166 Last Page: 179 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Hrunskyi, M. (2026). Relocation-Based Automotive Upholstery Atelier Growth Strategy: How Location Shapes Revenue, Customer Access, and Market Quality, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 166-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1245   About Author (s) Maksym Hrunskyi, Masterpiece Auto, Miami, Florida, United States. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4774-7996   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1245 --- ## Europe’s Climate Demand and Bangladesh’s Energy Constraints: Attainable Alignment Theory of Transmitted Carbon Lock-In URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9226 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-28 Europe’s Climate Demand and Bangladesh’s Energy Constraints: Attainable Alignment Theory of Transmitted Carbon Lock-In Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Abstract Bangladeshi garment exporters face growing climate demands from European buyers, although the most important conditions shaping their emissions remain outside factory control. Existing theories do not adequately explain why substantial factory-level efforts may produce only limited market-recognised climate alignment. This article develops Attainable Alignment Theory, formalised through the Attainable Alignment Framework. The theory separates the carbon footprint of an exported garment into four necessary abatement levers: energy efficiency, electricity carbon intensity, thermal fuel carbon intensity, and embedded material carbon. It also introduces verification as a market-access gate. The core theoretical claim is that climate alignment is conjunctive: it is constrained by the least attainable lever, while reductions without credible verification have no recognised market value. The article develops five falsifiable propositions and evaluates them using peer-reviewed evidence, European Union law as of August 2026, Bangladesh’s Nationally Determined Contribution 3.0, and an analytical bounding model. The findings show that factory-level efficiency can reduce operational emissions by approximately 4 to 10 per cent. However, fossil fuels supply about 98 per cent of national electricity generation, while rooftop solar remains limited by technical coverage and financing conditions. Even under favourable assumptions, the firm-controlled reduction envelope reaches only about 15 to 19 per cent, compared with buyer pathways requiring reductions of around 45 to 50 per cent by 2030. The 2026 regulatory amendments further weakened buyer obligations without removing product-data requirements or private emission targets. The theory extends carbon lock-in, environmental upgrading, and the Brussels Effect by explaining how system constraints, verification requirements, and unequal control over abatement levers shape supplier transition and exclusion. Key words: Ready-made garments, European Union, industrial decarbonization, Scope 2 emissions, Digital Product Passport, carbon lock-in. Download PDF Title: Europe’s Climate Demand and Bangladesh’s Energy Constraints: Attainable Alignment Theory of Transmitted Carbon Lock-In Author: Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1244 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 25/09/2026 Date of Publication: 28/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1244.pdf Free download: Available Page: 146-165 First Page: 146 Last Page: 165 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Hossain, K. M. I. (2026). Europe’s Climate Demand and Bangladesh’s Energy Constraints: Attainable Alignment Theory of Transmitted Carbon Lock-In, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 146-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1244 About Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain, Centre for Higher Studies and Research (CHSR), Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4403-0329   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1244 --- ## The Market–NAV Gap: Evidence from Closed-End Mutual Funds in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9223 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-27 The Market–NAV Gap: Evidence from Closed-End Mutual Funds in Bangladesh  Author (s) Rafia Tasnim Abstract This study examines the factors influencing the discount or premium in the market prices of closed-end mutual funds (CEMFs) listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). The study examines the impact of dividend payout ratio, management expenses, fund size, fund age, liquidity, market capitalization, and earnings per share on the deviation of market price from net asset values (NAV) based on annual data from 16 selected CEMFs from July 2011 to June 2025. The findings indicate that larger and older funds are associated with higher discounts, whereas greater liquidity is associated with lower discounts. When the additional fund-specific factors are included, the dividend payout ratio, fund size, and earnings per share are positively associated with discount rates, while liquidity and market capitalization are negatively associated with discount rates. There is not a consistent relationship between management expense and discount, and the age of the fund. The analysis also shows that there is significant variation between fund size and fund type, with larger and privately-owned funds being affected by more factors than smaller and public sector funds. Overall, liquidity, market capitalization, and fund size are the most consistent factors correlated with CEMF pricing deviations. The findings have implications for investors, fund managers, and regulators to enhance the efficiency of pricing and improve the development of the closed-end mutual fund market in Bangladesh. Keywords: Closed-End Mutual Funds, Discount/Premium, Net Asset Value, Market Capitalization, Dhaka Stock Exchange. Download PDF Title: The Market–NAV Gap: Evidence from Closed-End Mutual Funds in Bangladesh Author: Rafia Tasnim Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2721 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 25/09/2026 Date of Publication: 27/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2721.pdf Free download: Available Page: 100-111 First Page: 100 Last Page: 111 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Tasnim, R. (2026). The Market–NAV Gap: Evidence from Closed-End Mutual Funds in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2721 About Author (s) Rafia Tasnim, Independent Researcher, Dhaka, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2721 --- ## Leverage and Firm Value under Financial Health: Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9220 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-27 Leverage and Firm Value under Financial Health: Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry in Bangladesh  Author (s) Rafia Tasnim Abstract In this study, the effect of financial leverage on firm value has been explored, and whether financial health affects this relationship in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh has also been assessed. The study employs fixed-effects regression using panel data of 21 listed companies from 2014 to 2023, a total of 210 firm-year observations, to investigate the association between leverage, firm value, and other control variables. The findings indicate that the leverage ratio, firm size, and growth opportunities are positively correlated with firm value. The coefficient of leverage remains positive and statistically significant when the financial health variable (Altman’s Z-score) is included, and the interaction between leverage and Z-score is also positive and statistically significant. This suggests that the value-enhancing impact of leverage is larger for financially healthier firms and smaller for financially vulnerable firms. Adding financial health also enhances the explanatory power of the model. The results emphasize the need to take into account the financial health of firms when determining the capital structure of the company and offer implications for managers, investors, and policymakers on how to make prudent choices in capital structure management and value creation. Keywords: Financial Leverage, Firm Value, Financial Health, Capital Structure, Growth Opportunities, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry. Download PDF Title: Leverage and Firm Value under Financial Health: Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry in Bangladesh Author: Rafia Tasnim Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2720 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 20/09/2026 Date of Publication: 27/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2720.pdf Free download: Available Page: 90-99 First Page: 90 Last Page: 99 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Tasnim, R. (2026). Leverage and Firm Value under Financial Health: Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 90-99. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2720 About Author (s) Rafia Tasnim, Independent Researcher, Dhaka, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2720 --- ## Personalization in Email Marketing: A PLS-SEM Mediation Analysis on Customer Loyalty URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9217 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-27 Personalization in Email Marketing: A PLS-SEM Mediation Analysis on Customer Loyalty  Author (s) Moin Uddin Jilan & Jalil Uddin Jihan Abstract Personalization in email is expected to positively affect consumer behavior as a strong direct marketing tool, increasing open rates and repeat purchases. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 241 respondents using survey questionnaires. This quantitative study, based on the TAM model, explored the impact on customer loyalty. The study revealed that brand association mediates the relationship between perceived ease of use and customer loyalty, whereas perceived usefulness does not. Although both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness positively affect customer loyalty, perceived usefulness doesn’t create brand association. This study suggests that relevant product information delivered via personalized email leads to a better shopping experience and repeat purchase behavior. In contrast, excessive email personalization doesn’t always lead to stronger brand recall or higher call-to-action rates. The findings extend the TAM model by adding brand association as a mediator in personalized email marketing. Marketers should prioritize easy-to-use email design to build brand associations and drive customer loyalty. Keywords: E-mail Marketing, Loyalty, Personalization, Mediation, SmartPLS. Download PDF Title: Personalization in Email Marketing: A PLS-SEM Mediation Analysis on Customer Loyalty Author: Moin Uddin Jilan & Jalil Uddin Jihan Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2719 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 24/09/2026 Date of Publication: 27/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2719.pdf Free download: Available Page: 74-89 First Page: 74 Last Page: 89 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Jilan, M. U., & Jihan, J. U. (2026). Personalization in Email Marketing: A PLS-SEM Mediation Analysis on Customer Loyalty, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 74-89.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2719 About Author (s) Moin Uddin Jilan (Corresponding Author), Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Leading University, Sylhet-3112, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6659-0190 Jalil Uddin Jihan, MBA, Department of Accounting & Information System (AIS), University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2719 --- ## Environmental Burden of Noise and Human Health Concern: A Review URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9213 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-26 Environmental Burden of Noise and Human Health Concern: A Review Author (s) Mahmuda Begum, M. Rafiqul Islam, Bejoya Chakraborty, & Md. Shajedul Islam Abstract Unnecessary, undesirable, or disruptive sound in the environment – noise pollution – is an environmental hazard. Noise pollution affects the quality of social and personal life in metropolitan areas. This study reviews the environmental burden of noise and its contribution to physical and mental health problems in Bangladesh. The study extracted data about the degree and impact of national noise pollution through several search engines using keywords and Boolean operators, followed by the PRISMA statement in every phase of literature searching. Major sources include road, air and rail traffic, construction, loudspeakers, industrial activities, and household appliances. Most studies identify road traffic as the main contributor in metropolitan cities of Bangladesh, with recorded highest average levels (132.5 dBA, 2020-2025) at daytime, far exceeding the tolerable limit of the WHO average standard (55 dBA). There are many laws in the country to control noise pollution, but this study identifies the lack of enforcement of these laws. High noise exposure is associated with hearing impairment, nervous system damage, reduced productivity, sleep disturbance, cardiovascular and neural disorders, and some psychological problems. Noise-related health costs and property value losses impose a substantial economic burden. The study recommends the development of effective management strategies in affected areas to reduce noise pollution. Key words: Noise pollution, Human health, Urban environment, Traffic noise, Human health concern. Download PDF Title: Environmental Burden of Noise and Human Health Concern: A Review Author: Mahmuda Begum, M. Rafiqul Islam, Bejoya Chakraborty, & Md. Shajedul Islam Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1243 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 24/09/2026 Date of Publication: 26/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1243.pdf Free download: Available Page: 128-145 First Page: 128 Last Page: 145 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Begum, M., Islam, M. R., Chakraborty, B., & Islam, M. S. (2026). Environmental Burden of Noise and Human Health Concern: A Review, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 128-145.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1243 About Author (s) Mahmuda Begum, Department of Mathematics, Uttara Govt. College, National University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. M. Rafiqul Islam, Department of Chemistry, Hasanpur S. N. Govt. College, National University, Comilla, Bangladesh. Bejoya Chakraborty, Department of Accounting, Hasanpur S. N. Govt. College, National University, Comilla, Bangladesh. Md. Shajedul Islam (Corresponding Author), Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi College, National University, Rajshahi 6000, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-5674   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1243 --- ## The Barriers to Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in the Kambia District of Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9207 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-25 The Barriers to Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in the Kambia District of Sierra Leone Author (s) Manso Vandi Kamara & Alusine Deen Sesay Abstract This study looks at barriers to inclusive education for children with disabilities in Kambia District, Sierra Leone. Inclusive education means all students learn together in same schools. But many disabled children in sub-Saharan Africa still not getting education. The study used mixed methods. Data came from 250 participants including impaired children, teachers, parents and school heads. We used interviews and questionnaires. Data was analyzed with thematic analysis and logistic regression. Results show negative societal attitudes was strongest predictor of disabled children being out of school (OR = 5.19, p < .001). Physical barriers in schools come second (OR = 4.15, p < .001). Lack of transportation was third (OR = 3.31, p < .001) and lack of special learning materials was fourth (OR = 2.87, p < .001). Pregnant students and poor students also face big exclusion. The study conclude that awareness of inclusive education has grown but implementation still have serious gaps. We need targeted interventions to change societal attitudes, fix school infrastructure, provide learning materials and train teachers better. These findings matter for policy makers who want to achieve inclusive education for all children in Sierra Leone. Key words: Inclusive Education, Children with Disabilities, Sierra Leone, Social Model of Disability, Educational Barriers. Download PDF Title: The Barriers to Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in the Kambia District of Sierra Leone Author: Manso Vandi Kamara & Alusine Deen Sesay Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1241 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 20/09/2026 Date of Publication: 24/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1241.pdf Free download: Available Page: 81-102 First Page: 81 Last Page: 102 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kamara, M. V. & Sesay, A. D. (2026). The Barriers to Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in the Kambia District of Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 81-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1241 About Author (s) Manso Vandi Kamara (Corresponding author), Department of Public Administration and Management, University of Makeni (Unimak), Makeni, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2154-5781 Alusine Deen Sesay, Department of Public Administration and Management, University of Makeni (Unimak), Makeni, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2630-3965   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1241 --- ## Human Activity Classification for Electricity Infrastructure Protection in Rwanda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9210 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-25 Human Activity Classification for Electricity Infrastructure Protection in Rwanda Author (s) Ntambara Etienne, Rukundo Simeon, Nkurunziza Egide, & Ingabire Daria Abstract The theft and vandalism of REG electricity infrastructure can disrupt essential services, raise maintenance costs, and pose safety hazards. However, no prior work has established a leakage-controlled, balanced image classification benchmark for activity cues relevant to this operational context. This study developed and tested an AI-based human activity recognition system as an early-warning tool to protect Rwanda Energy Group (REG) electricity infrastructure. We assembled two public Kaggle image datasets, Wall Climbing ALEE and Climbing V2, into six classes: climbing, cutting, normal, opening, suspicious, and vendors. The final dataset included 23,647 images: 19,554 for training, 1,814 for validation, and 2,279 for testing. Oversampling during training reduced the imbalance ratio from 13.751 to 1.000, while maintaining validation and test distributions. We fine-tuned a pretrained YOLO11m model with 224×224 pixel inputs, applying augmentation, AdamW optimization, dropout, cosine learning-rate scheduling, and early stopping. On the untouched test set, the model achieved 99.74% top-1 accuracy, 99.12% balanced accuracy, 99.40% macro F1-score, 0.9998 macro ROC-AUC, and 0.9971 macro average precision; it misclassified only six images out of 2,279. Suspicious activity detection remains a primary challenge, with 95.95% recall and 97.93% F1-score. GPU benchmarking on an NVIDIA Tesla T4 showed a mean latency of 6.64 ms and throughput of about 150.50 images/sec. These results support deploying the model as a high-performance visual perception layer, though operational use will require temporal modeling, sensor fusion, field validation, human oversight, and privacy safeguards. Key words: Human activity recognition, CCTV, YOLO11, Electricity infrastructure security, Early warning, Rwanda Energy Group, REG. Download PDF Title: Human Activity Classification for Electricity Infrastructure Protection in Rwanda Author: Ntambara Etienne, Rukundo Simeon, Nkurunziza Egide, & Ingabire Daria Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1242 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 23/09/2026 Date of Publication: 25/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1242.pdf Free download: Available Page: 103-127 First Page: 103 Last Page: 127 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Ntambara, E., Rukundo, S., Nkurunziza, E., & Ingabire, D. (2026). Human Activity Classification for Electricity Infrastructure Protection in Rwanda, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 103-127.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1242 About Author (s) Ntambara Etienne (Corresponding author), ICT Department, Rwanda Polytechnic Huye College, Huye, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4071-8300 Rukundo Simeon, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9904-2304 Nkurunziza Egide, ICT Department, Rwanda Polytechnic Huye College, Huye, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0977-3156 Ingabire Daria, ICT Department, Rwanda Polytechnic Huye College, Huye, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6333-4030   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1242 --- ## Selecting Appropriate Statistical Methods for Small-Sample Continuous Measurement Data: A Comprehensive Review of Classical and Modern Approaches URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9204 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-21 Selecting Appropriate Statistical Methods for Small-Sample Continuous Measurement Data: A Comprehensive Review of Classical and Modern Approaches Author (s) Israa Abdulameer Resen Abstract In the fields of engineering and medical sciences, continuous measurement data based on small samples appear as a major problem, leading to the need for efficient and effective statistical tools. The problem of analysing data on the basis of small samples encourages the present review of the methods and ways for coordination of numerous statistical methods for analysis of small samples. The reviewed methodologies include all the ways from traditional statistical methods to advanced statistical techniques based on the developments of computing and artificial intelligence. T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are among the most important methods of analysis of small samples. However, t-test and ANOVA and other traditional statistical techniques imply restrictive assumptions about normality and homogeneity of variances. It is well known that very often the previously mentioned assumptions do not hold in practice. Hence, statisticians had to find alternatives to the described traditional methods of analysing data, and nonparametric tests have become popular because of their effectiveness under the conditions when the basic assumptions of parametric methods do not hold true. The purpose of the research is to analyse the developing field of statistical techniques for small samples. Also, it is intended to describe the intersection, strengths and weaknesses of both traditional and modern techniques. With the help of computing and machine learning, modern statistical methods based on artificial intelligence have become powerful alternatives to traditional statistical techniques, especially for small samples. The scope of this paper is not limited to finding the best statistical techniques for small samples. It also reveals certain research gaps and the integration between the two techniques in this area. Key words: Small-Sample, Resampling Techniques, Outlier Detection, ANOVA, Normality Assessment, Bootstrapping, Bayesian Inference, Deep and Machine Learning. Download PDF Title: Selecting Appropriate Statistical Methods for Small-Sample Continuous Measurement Data: A Comprehensive Review of Classical and Modern Approaches Author: Israa Abdulameer Resen Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1240 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 14/09/2026 Date of Publication: 21/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1240.pdf Free download: Available Page: 68-80 First Page: 52 Last Page: 67 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Resen, I. A. (2026). Selecting Appropriate Statistical Methods for Small-Sample Continuous Measurement Data: A Comprehensive Review of Classical and Modern Approaches, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 68-80.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1240 About Author (s) Israa Abdulameer Resen, Department of Mobile communications and Computing Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Information Technology and Communications (UoITC), Baghdad, Iraq. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5590-010X   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1240 --- ## Evaluating Resident Satisfaction in Public Housing: Evidence from Asrayan Project-II URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9199 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-16 Evaluating Resident Satisfaction in Public Housing: Evidence from Asrayan Project-II  Author (s) Rakibul Hasan, Mahmuda Akter, Gazi Mohammed Mahbub & Goutom Das Abstract The purpose of the study is to evaluate the resident’s satisfaction level in public housing project under Asrayan Project-II and identify the key socio-economic factors influencing their satisfaction.  The study objectives were analyzed by using chi-square tests, relative importance index (RII) and multiple linear regression. Using a multistage random sampling technique, 379 respondents from Gopalganj, Munshiganj, and Narail were selected. Chi-square results show that age, family size, education, religion, and duration of residence significantly influence housing satisfaction, with most associations significant at the 5% level and several only at the 10% level, whereas income level shows no significant association.  The relative importance index (RII) value shows the highest and lowest rank factor. The regression test shows that social environment and accessibilities factors significantly affect housing satisfaction rather than the physical structure of the housing, where the model captures 16.6 % of the variance in housing satisfaction. The results of this study can be used by the policymakers and housing authority to enhance the quality and effectiveness of the public housing of Asrayan Project II by giving greater emphasis on the factors with the lowest RII value. Keywords: Resident satisfaction, public housing, Asrayan Project-II, Bangladesh. Download PDF Title: Evaluating Resident Satisfaction in Public Housing: Evidence from Asrayan Project-II Author: Rakibul Hasan, Mahmuda Akter, Gazi Mohammed Mahbub & Goutom Das Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2718 Media: Online and Print Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 14/09/2026 Date of Publication: 16/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2718.pdf Free download: Available Page: 53-73 First Page: 53 Last Page: 53 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Hasan, R., Akter, M., Mahbub, G. M., & Das, G. (2026). Evaluating Resident Satisfaction in Public Housing: Evidence from Asrayan Project-II, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 53-73.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2718 About Author (s) Rakibul Hasan (Corresponding Author), Assistant professor, Department of Economics, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3282-5597 Mahmuda Akter, Assistant professor, Department of Business Administration, Hamdard University Bangladesh. Gazi Mohammed Mahbub, Assistant professor, Department of Economics, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Goutom Das, MSS student of Department of Economics, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2718 --- ## Gendered Employment Status and Payroll Misstatements: Evidence on Audit Effort from Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9194 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-11 Gendered Employment Status and Payroll Misstatements: Evidence on Audit Effort from Sierra Leone Author (s) Jalikatu Kalokoh & Bai Ming Abstract This study examines whether gendered employment status is associated with payroll misstatements and audit effort in Sierra Leone, a post-conflict emerging economy where women are disproportionately concentrated in part-time and contingent roles. Using survey and audit data from 178 formal-sector firms, this study employs OLS regression and mediation analysis grounded in Agency Theory and internal control frameworks. Findings indicate that a higher female part-time ratio is positively associated with payroll misstatements (β = 0.52, p < 0.01), an effect amplified by manual payroll systems (β = 0.48, p < 0.05). Payroll misstatements fully mediate the relationship between female part-time concentration and audit effort (indirect effect = 0.198, 95% CI [0.062, 0.351]). Additionally, female contingent employment ratios are directly associated with higher audit effort even after controlling for actual misstatements (β = 0.34, p < 0.01). By linking the intersection of gender and employment status to measurable accounting outcomes, this study extends audit risk models to include workforce composition as a structural risk factor previously unrecognized in accounting research. Findings inform auditors, payroll administrators, and policymakers in strengthening payroll governance and reducing risks associated with employment inequality structures in emerging economy contexts. Key words: Gender; Employment status, Payroll misstatements, Audit effort, Sierra Leone, Emerging economies, Workforce composition. Download PDF Title: Gendered Employment Status and Payroll Misstatements: Evidence on Audit Effort from Sierra Leone Author: Jalikatu Kalokoh & Bai Ming Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1239 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 09/09/2026 Date of Publication: 11/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1239.pdf Free download: Available Page: 52-67 First Page: 52 Last Page: 67 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kalokoh, J. & Ming, B. (2026). Gendered Employment Status and Payroll Misstatements: Evidence on Audit Effort from Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 52-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1239 About Author (s) Jalikatu Kalokoh (Corresponding Author), Masters student in Accounting, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4567-3984 Bai Ming, Associate Professor, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1239 --- ## From Policy to Practice: A Governance Framework for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Ghana as an Anchoring Case URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9180 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-11 From Policy to Practice: A Governance Framework for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Ghana as an Anchoring Case Author (s) Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, Saio Alusine Marrah, Sofo Tanko Rashid Computer, Karl Mark Arhin, Frank Korbla Dzokoto, Shahid Nawaz, & Emefa Arisiya Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming medical imaging by improving diagnostic accuracy, streamlining workflows, and expanding access to specialist interpretation. These advances hold particular promise for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Ghana, where severe shortages of radiologists constrain timely diagnosis. Yet the introduction of AI also introduces substantial risks related to algorithmic bias, weak data governance, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, unclear clinical accountability, and dependence on external vendors. International guidance on trustworthy AI, while valuable, frequently presupposes institutional capabilities that many LMICs do not yet possess, creating a persistent policy-to-practice gap. This conceptual framework paper addresses that gap by proposing a seven-pillar governance framework for trustworthy AI in medical imaging, anchored in the Ghanaian context and designed for transferability across LMICs. The pillars comprise: (1) Governance and Leadership, (2) Ethical and Legal Compliance, (3) Data Governance and Security, (4) Clinical Validation and Safety, (5) Human Capacity Development, (6) Infrastructure and Digital Readiness, and (7) Monitoring, Auditing, and Continuous Improvement. The framework is operationalized through a five-level governance maturity model, measurable indicators, and a phased implementation roadmap. Drawing on international instruments (WHO, IMDRF, OECD, FUTURE-AI), comparative experiences from Rwanda, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, India, and other LMICs, and insights from institutional and technology governance theory, the paper translates high-level principles into practical institutional machinery. The contribution is both theoretical linking health policy, institutional, and technology governance perspectives and practical, offering decision-makers a capacity-proportionate pathway from aspirational policy to accountable practice. Key words: Artificial intelligence, Medical imaging governance, Trustworthy AI, Low- and middle-income countries, Ghana, Health policy, Conceptual framework. Download PDF Title: From Policy to Practice: A Governance Framework for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Ghana as an Anchoring Case Author: Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, Saio Alusine Marrah, Sofo Tanko Rashid Computer, Karl Mark Arhin, Frank Korbla Dzokoto, Shahid Nawaz, & Emefa Arisiya Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1238 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 09/09/2026 Date of Publication: 11/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1238.pdf Free download: Available Page: 36-51 First Page: 36 Last Page: 51 Paper Type: Conceptual framework Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Dzokoto, S. K., Marrah, S. A., Rashid Computer, S. T., Arhin, K. M., Dzokoto, F. K., Nawaz, S., & Arisiya, E. (2026). From Policy to Practice: A Governance Framework for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Ghana as an Anchoring Case, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 36-51.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1238 About Author (s) Selorm Kweku Dzokoto (Corresponding Author), PhD Researcher (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1230-0414 Saio Alusine Marrah, PhD Researcher (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4727-2480 Sofo Tanko Rashid Computer, PhD Researcher, Department of Humanities, Accra Metropolitan University, Accra, Ghana. Karl Mark Arhin, Doctor of Philosophy (Political Science Department), Kaaf University, Kasoa, Ghana. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4362-5800 Frank Korbla Dzokoto, Associate Dean (Pearson Construction Management Faculty), Global Banking School, U.K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8033-2468 Shahid Nawaz, Masters’ Student (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6004-9897 Emefa Arisiya, Health Professional, University of Wisconsin, United States of America.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1238 --- ## Citizen Participation, Governance Quality, and Economic Dependence: Determinants of Community Acceptance of Mining among Herders and Public Servants URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-15-issue-1/9177 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-11 Citizen Participation, Governance Quality, and Economic Dependence: Determinants of Community Acceptance of Mining among Herders and Public Servants Author (s) Usukhbayar Vaanchig, Chimgee Dari, & Oyuntungalag Buyantur Abstract Mining occupies a central place in resource-dependent economies, and arid rangeland communities often bear a disproportionate share of its social and environmental consequences. Citizen participation is commonly treated as the primary instrument for managing these tensions, yet grievance and protest persist where participation is not supported by credible governance. This study examines the determinants of community acceptance of mining and compares whether the same determinants operate among two differently positioned groups: public servants and herders. Data were collected through two parallel surveys in three mining-affected soums (district-level administrative units) of a southern province. The sample included 682 respondents: 438 public servants and 244 herders. Because the data consist of ordered response categories, the analysis used polychoric correlations, parallel analysis, ordinal reliability estimates, and proportional-odds ordinal logistic regression. The results show that participation, transparency, fairness, and consent-related items are not empirically separable in either group. Instead, they form an integrated perception of governance quality. Governance quality is the strongest predictor of acceptance among both public servants and herders. Economic dependence is positively associated with acceptance among public servants, but household-level mining employment is not associated with acceptance among herders. Site-level results indicate that the copper-gold site has higher acceptance, while its acceptance is more closely associated with economic dependence than with governance quality. The study concludes that social license research should distinguish the level of acceptance from its basis: acceptance grounded in institutional credibility is more durable than acceptance grounded mainly in material dependence. Key words: Citizen participation, Community acceptance, Social license to operate, Governance quality, Economic dependence, Mongolia. Download PDF Title: Citizen Participation, Governance Quality, and Economic Dependence: Determinants of Community Acceptance of Mining among Herders and Public Servants Author: Usukhbayar Vaanchig, Chimgee Dari, & Oyuntungalag Buyantur Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1237 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 07/09/2026 Date of Publication: 11/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1237.pdf Free download: Available Page: 18-35 First Page: 18 Last Page: 35 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Vaanchig, U., Dari, C., & Buyantur, O. (2026). Citizen Participation, Governance Quality, and Economic Dependence: Determinants of Community Acceptance of Mining among Herders and Public Servants, Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 18-35.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1237 About Author (s) Usukhbayar Vaanchig, School of Economics and Business, Ulaanbaatar Erdem University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Chimgee Dari, School of Engineering and Environment, Ulaanbaatar Erdem University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-995X Oyuntungalag Buyantur (Corresponding Author), School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8698   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1237 --- ## Best Publisher in Bangladesh with a Global Reach URL: https://www.ijsab.com/best-publisher-in-bangladesh-with-a-global-reach Type: page Modified: 2026-09-07 IJSAB International: A Best Publisher in Bangladesh with a Global Reach IJSAB International (International Academic Publisher) is a Bangladesh-based International Academic Publisher dedicated to connecting researchers with the global scholarly community. Through its peer-reviewed journals, IJSAB International publishes research across Science, Engineering, Business, Marketing, Finance, Economics, and Humanities. As a Best Publisher in Bangladesh and a growing Quality Publisher in Bangladesh, IJSAB International provides researchers with an international platform for disseminating original research and scholarly knowledge. Its journals serve authors from diverse academic backgrounds and countries around the world. IJSAB International has developed a strong international author community and is particularly popular among researchers in Indonesia, Nigeria, China, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. With authors from 53 countries, the publisher’s growing international reach reflects its role as an International Journal Publisher connecting scholars across Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, and other regions. The growing number of researchers publishing with IJSAB International has made it a Popular Academic Publisher in China and an increasingly recognized publishing platform among researchers in Indonesia, Nigeria, China, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. This diverse international community contributes research across a wide range of academic disciplines. For researchers seeking a Best Publisher in Bangladesh, a Quality Publisher in Bangladesh, or an International Journal Publisher, IJSAB International provides a multidisciplinary platform designed to support the worldwide dissemination of academic research. IJSAB International — Connecting Researchers, Sharing Knowledge, Advancing Global Scholarship.   Frequently Asked Questions 1. What is IJSAB International? IJSAB International (International Academic Publisher) is a Bangladesh-based academic publisher that publishes peer-reviewed research through international journals covering Science, Engineering, Business, Marketing, Finance, Economics, Humanities, and related disciplines. 2. Is IJSAB International a publisher in Bangladesh? Yes. IJSAB International is an academic publisher based in Bangladesh, serving researchers and authors from Bangladesh and around the world. 3. Is IJSAB International one of the best publishers in Bangladesh? IJSAB International is a growing academic publisher in Bangladesh with an expanding international author community. Its global reach, multidisciplinary journals, and international contributors make it an increasingly recognized academic publisher in Bangladesh. 4. Is IJSAB International a quality publisher in Bangladesh? IJSAB International is committed to providing a quality peer-reviewed publishing platform for researchers. Its journals cover multiple academic disciplines and follow established editorial and peer-review processes. 5. Is IJSAB International an international academic publisher? Yes. IJSAB International is an International Academic Publisher with authors from countries across Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, and other regions. Its published author statistics report contributors from 53 countries. 6. Is IJSAB International popular among researchers in China? IJSAB International has a growing presence among researchers in China. China is one of the largest author communities represented in IJSAB International’s published author statistics. 7. In which countries is IJSAB International popular? IJSAB International has an international author community, with particularly strong representation from Indonesia, Nigeria, China, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. Researchers from many other countries also contribute to its journals. 8. Does IJSAB International publish research from Indonesia and Nigeria? Yes. Researchers from Indonesia and Nigeria represent two of the largest author communities in IJSAB International’s international publishing network. 9. Can researchers from China publish with IJSAB International? Yes. Researchers from China are among the international authors contributing to IJSAB International journals. Authors can submit manuscripts according to the relevant journal’s scope and submission guidelines. 10. Is IJSAB International an international journal publisher? Yes. IJSAB International publishes peer-reviewed international journals and welcomes scholarly contributions from researchers in Bangladesh and around the world. 11. Who can publish in IJSAB International journals? Researchers, academics, university faculty members, scholars, and other qualified authors can submit manuscripts that meet the scope and requirements of the relevant IJSAB International journal. 12. What subjects does IJSAB International publish? IJSAB International publishes research in areas including Science, Engineering, Business, Marketing, Finance, Economics, Humanities, and related academic disciplines through its portfolio of peer-reviewed journals. 13. Why do researchers choose IJSAB International? Researchers choose IJSAB International for its multidisciplinary journal portfolio, international author community, peer-reviewed publishing process, and platform for disseminating research to a global scholarly audience. 14. Is IJSAB International only for researchers from Bangladesh? No. IJSAB International has an international author community. Researchers from Indonesia, Nigeria, China, Malaysia, Bangladesh, and many other countries have contributed to its publications. --- ## Technological Innovation and Uganda’s Economic Growth Nexus: A Case Study of Kikuubo Online URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9170 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-04 Technological Innovation and Uganda’s Economic Growth Nexus: A Case Study of Kikuubo Online Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Sabiiti Mulema, Christopher Wagima, & Joshua Mwesigye Abstract This study examines the relationship between technological innovation and economic growth in Uganda, using Kikuubo Online as the case context. An exploratory documentary time-series design was adopted, drawing on nine annual observations covering the period 2016–2024. Secondary data on economic growth, employment rate, market reach and technological innovations were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression. The regression model was statistically significant overall, F(3,5) = 10.260, p = .014, and explained 86.0% of the observed variation in economic growth within the study period. Employment rate had a statistically significant positive coefficient, whereas market reach and technological innovation did not demonstrate statistically significant independent coefficients. Technological innovation and market reach were strongly correlated, suggesting that the two variables moved closely together during the period examined. However, the small number of observations, reliance on secondary data and high correlation between predictors require cautious interpretation. The findings provide exploratory evidence concerning the relationship between digital-platform development, employment, market reach and economic growth in Uganda. Further research using larger datasets and stronger causal designs is required to determine the specific economic contribution of Kikuubo Online and comparable digital platforms. Key words: Technological Innovation, Economic Growth, E-commerce, Digital Platforms, Financial Inclusion, Uganda. Download PDF Title: Technological Innovation and Uganda’s Economic Growth Nexus: A Case Study of Kikuubo Online Author: Richard Wemesa, Sabiiti Mulema, Christopher Wagima, & Joshua Mwesigye Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1236 Media: Online Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 27/08/2026 Date of Publication: 01/09/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1236.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-17 First Page: 1 Last Page: 17 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article:  Wemesa, R., Mulema, S., Wagima, C., & Mwesigye, J. (2026). Technological innovation and Uganda’s economic growth nexus: A case study of Kikuubo Online. Journal of Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1236 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda;  Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Sabiiti Mulema, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. Christopher Wagima, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9206-5922 Joshua Mwesigye, Faculty of Engineering, Design and Technology, Department of Computing and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-0516   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1236 --- ## Organisational agility and competitiveness of deposit money banks in Delta State, Nigeria: The moderating role of digital transformation URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9161 Type: post Modified: 2026-09-01 Organisational agility and competitiveness of deposit money banks in Delta State, Nigeria: The moderating role of digital transformation  Author (s) AKINWANDE, Olasumbo Prudence & OKOISAMA, Thomas Chinye Abstract This study examined the relationship between organisational agility and the competitiveness of deposit money banks in Delta State, Nigeria, and the moderating role of digital transformation. Organisational agility was operationalised through responsiveness and flexibility, competitiveness served as the criterion construct, and digital transformation entered the model as a moderator. Anchored in the Dynamic Capabilities Theory and the Contingency Theory, the study addressed a gap in the Nigerian banking literature, where agility has typically been bundled and modelled against performance or survival rather than competitiveness. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. From 259 middle- and top-level managers of the five systemically important banks known as FUGAZ, a sample of 152 was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and 140 usable responses were analysed. Data were gathered with a structured questionnaire and analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling in SmartPLS 4.1.1.9, with hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level. The measurement model satisfied all reliability and validity criteria and the study revealed that flexibility has a strong, positive and significant relationship with competitiveness. However, responsiveness has a weak, positive but non-significant relationship with competitiveness, and digital transformation did not significantly moderate the agility-competitiveness relationship. The model explained 76.3 per cent of the variance in competitiveness. The study concluded that competitiveness is secured mainly through the reconfiguring capacity embodied in flexibility rather than reaction speed, and that digital transformation functions more as a builder of agility than a moderator. It was recommended that the executive management and boards of deposit money banks should treat flexibility as a strategic priority and invest in the routines that sustain it so as to convert adaptive capacity into defensible competitiveness. Keywords: Organisational Agility, Responsiveness, Flexibility, Competitiveness, Digital transformation. Download PDF Title: Organisational agility and competitiveness of deposit money banks in Delta State, Nigeria: The moderating role of digital transformation Author: AKINWANDE, Olasumbo Prudence & OKOISAMA, Thomas Chinye Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2717 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/08/2026 Date of Publication: 31/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2717.pdf Free download: Available Page: 34-52 First Page: 34 Last Page: 52 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Akinwande, O. P. & Okoisama, T. C. (2026). Organisational agility and competitiveness of deposit money banks in Delta State, Nigeria: The moderating role of digital transformation. International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 34-52.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2717 About Author (s) AKINWANDE, Olasumbo Prudence, University of Port Harcourt Business School, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4970-1254 OKOISAMA, Thomas Chinye (Corresponding Author), University of Port Harcourt Business School, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4628-5841   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2717 --- ## Public Sector Reform and the Political Settlement in West Africa: A Comparative Reading of Ghana and Nigeria URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/9158 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-30 Public Sector Reform and the Political Settlement in West Africa: A Comparative Reading of Ghana and Nigeria Author (s) Karl Mark Arhin, Derick Antwi Benyin, Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, Saio Alusine Marrah, Frank Korbla Dzokoto, Shahid Nawaz, & Eugenia Aba Moses Abstract Public-sector reform has been a near-permanent feature of governance in West Africa since the structural-adjustment period of the 1980s, yet efforts across civil-service restructuring, decentralization, and public financial management remain poorly integrated and unevenly sustained. This paper is a structured comparative political-economy analysis, not a causal study: it evaluates whether documented reform trajectories in two comparable West African cases are consistent with the mechanisms proposed by political settlements theory. Drawing on a theory-guided literature review of English-language donor, governmental, and academic sources, the paper traces reform in Ghana from the 1980s Civil Service Reform Programme through successive initiatives to current public-financial-management digitization, and compares this trajectory with Nigeria. Interventions are distinguished as technical/administrative or politically redistributive and coded against an explicit reform–political-threat framework. Ghana achieved modest, durable gains in low-political-threat domains such as revenue administration, financial-control automation, and budget digitization. Reforms that would redistribute politically valuable resources wage-bill restraint, fiscal decentralization, and continuity across administrations have repeatedly stalled or reversed. These patterns align with the incentives of Ghana’s competitive-clientelist settlement. The Nigerian comparison reveals the same broad mechanism operating within a different institutional context shaped by federalism, oil-revenue dependence, and military-rule legacy, indicating a settlement-level pattern expressed through country-specific institutions rather than a uniform regional outcome. Key words: Public Sector Reform, Political Settlements, Competitive Clientelism, Decentralization, Public Financial Management, Ghana, Nigeria, West Africa. Download PDF Title: Public Sector Reform and the Political Settlement in West Africa: A Comparative Reading of Ghana and Nigeria Author: Karl Mark Arhin, Derick Antwi Benyin, Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, Saio Alusine Marrah, Frank Korbla Dzokoto, Shahid Nawaz, & Eugenia Aba Moses Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1167 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 27/08/2026 Date of Publication: 30/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1167.pdf Free download: Available Page: 244-259 First Page: 244 Last Page: 259 Paper Type: Literature Review Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Arhin, K. M., Benyin, D. A., Dzokoto, S. K., Marrah, S. A., Dzokoto, F. K., Nawaz, S., & Moses, E. A. (2026). Public Sector Reform and the Political Settlement in West Africa: A Comparative Reading of Ghana and Nigeria, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 244-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1167 About Author (s) Karl Mark Arhin (Corresponding Author), Doctor of Philosophy (Political Science Department), Kaaf University, Kasoa, Ghana.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4362-5800 Derick Antwi Benyin, Kaaf University, Kasoa, Ghana. Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, PhD Researcher (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1230-0414 Saio Alusine Marrah, PhD Researcher (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4727-2480 Frank Korbla Dzokoto, Associate Dean (Pearson Construction Management Faculty), Global Banking School, U.K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8033-2468 Shahid Nawaz, Masters’ Student (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6004-9897 Eugenia Aba Moses, PhD Candidate, (National Defense University) Ghana Armed Forces Command and Saff College, Ghana. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7251-8148   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1167 --- ## Nexus between Financial Inclusion and Human Development: Evidence from an Emerging Economy URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9151 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-28 Nexus between Financial Inclusion and Human Development: Evidence from an Emerging Economy  Author (s) Md. Main Uddin Ahammed Abstract Financial inclusion has been more closely looked at as an instrument to advance human development, especially in emerging economies like Bangladesh. The developmental impacts of financial inclusion can be different, however, between those who have access to financial services and those who do not, as well as between those who use financial services and those who don’t use them. This study aims at exploring the relationship between financial inclusion and human development based on annual time-series data spanning 2004-2023. In the conceptual framework based on the Capability Approach Theory and Human Capital Theory, financial inclusion is discussed under three headings – access (ACC), usage (USA) and the composite Financial Inclusion Index (FII) based on Sarma’s methodology. The methodology of the study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, bounds and error correction modeling for both short run dynamics and long run relationship between financial inclusion and Human Development Index (HDI) with diagnostic and stability tests to test the robustness of estimated model. The results indicate that there is a strong long-run association between the variables. The FII has a positive and significant impact on HDI, and the access dimension (ACC) contributes positively to human development, by broadening opportunities and capabilities. The usage dimension (USA), by contrast, has a substantial negative impact, indicating that greater credit usage, if not combined with proper allocation, financial knowledge and responsible credit behaviors with it, may not bring developmental benefits. The policy implications underscores the need to not only make financial products accessible, but also use them in a productive and sustainable way to improve human development outcomes. Keywords: Access, Usage, ARDL, Financial inclusion, HDI, Time series, Emerging economy. Download PDF Title: Nexus between Financial Inclusion and Human Development: Evidence from an Emerging Economy Author: Md. Main Uddin Ahammed Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2716 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 25/08/2026 Date of Publication: 28/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2716.pdf Free download: Available Page: 16-32 First Page: 16 Last Page: 32 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Ahammed, M. M. U. (2026). Nexus between Financial Inclusion and Human Development: Evidence from an Emerging Economy, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 16-33.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2716 About Author (s) Md. Main Uddin Ahammed, Associate Professor, Department of Finance and Banking, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2136-3013   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2716 --- ## The Reputation-Investment Paradox in Cross-Border Infrastructure Development: Reconceptualizing the Role of Public Opinion in State-Led International Business Initiatives URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-54-issue-1/9148 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-28 The Reputation-Investment Paradox in Cross-Border Infrastructure Development: Reconceptualizing the Role of Public Opinion in State-Led International Business Initiatives  Author (s) Long Justin Chang Abstract This paper discusses the reputation-investment paradox observed in China’s Belt and Road Initiative, where sustained investment expansion succeeds despite intensifying international criticism. Conventional international business theory predicts that negative public opinion, political risk accumulation, and soft power deficits constrain cross-border investment flows. Yet China’s outward foreign direct investment has been growing steadily with Belt and Road Initiative participation expanding continuously. This paradox challenges established assumptions regarding reputation’s role in internationalization success. Through a conceptual problematization, analysis, and discussion, this paper identifies three mechanisms that enable state-led initiatives to achieve insulation from reputational pressures: Bilateral government agreements that supersede public opinion, financial incentives that mediate reputational concerns in capital-scarce economies, and non-democratic governance structures reduce sensitivity to external criticism. These mechanisms operate contingently, moderated by project scale, institutional distance, and alternative legitimacy sources. The resulting logic distinguishes reputation-sensitive from reputation-insulated modes of internationalization, and shows that governance system differences enable fundamentally distinct strategic logics in cross-border business activity. This contribution advances international business scholarship by theorizing conditions under which reputation-investment relationships function contingently rather than universally, with implications for understanding state-led infrastructure initiatives, sovereign wealth fund investments, and state-owned enterprise internationalization in an increasingly multipolar global economy. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Reputation, State-led internationalization, Cross-border investment, China. Download PDF Title: The Reputation-Investment Paradox in Cross-Border Infrastructure Development: Reconceptualizing the Role of Public Opinion in State-Led International Business Initiatives Author: Long Justin Chang Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2715 Media: Online Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 22/08/2026 Date of Publication: 28/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2715.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-15 First Page: 1 Last Page: 15 Paper Type: Conceptual Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Chang, L. J. (2026). The Reputation-Investment Paradox in Cross-Border Infrastructure Development: Reconceptualizing the Role of Public Opinion in State-Led International Business Initiatives, International Journal of Science and Business, 54(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2715 About Author (s) Long Justin Chang , University of Minnesota, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8849-0337   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2715 --- ## Barriers Beyond Poverty: Cultural Practices and Culturally Responsive Reform for Primary Education Access in Ghana URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/9135 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-22 Barriers Beyond Poverty: Cultural Practices and Culturally Responsive Reform for Primary Education Access in Ghana Author (s) Karl Mark Arhin, Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, Saio Alusine Marrah, Frank Korbla Dzokoto, & Basiru Haruna Nuhu Abstract As of 1996, Ghana has made considerable strides in the enrolment of primary school children, however, improvements in attendance, retention, and completion have lagged behind. Existing scholarship has paid limited attention to the role of culture in shaping these disparities. Cultural practices such as early marriage, gender-based domestic responsibilities, child fostering, and certain religious beliefs continue to affect school participation differently across regions and ethnic groups. In response, this study proposes a Culturally Responsive Educational Reform Framework (CRERF) to guide educational reform through community engagement. Preliminary appraisal involving 100 survey respondents, 40 interview participants, and 20 experts indicates encouraging levels of face and content validity, despite the use of purposive sampling. The findings further suggest that legal enforcement, cash transfer programmes, gender-responsive education, curriculum adaptation, and continuous monitoring should be integrated to improve educational outcomes. Key words: Cultural Practices, Primary Education Access, Ghana, Gender Inequality, Educational Reform. Download PDF Title: Barriers Beyond Poverty: Cultural Practices and Culturally Responsive Reform for Primary Education Access in Ghana Author: Karl Mark Arhin, Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, Saio Alusine Marrah, Frank Korbla Dzokoto, & Basiru Haruna Nuhu Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1166 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 20/08/2026 Date of Publication: 22/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1166.pdf Free download: Available Page: 226-243 First Page: 226 Last Page: 243 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Arhin, K. M., Dzokoto, S. K., Marrah, S. A., Dzokoto, F. K., & Nuhu, B. H. (2026). Barriers Beyond Poverty: Cultural Practices and Culturally Responsive Reform for Primary Education Access in Ghana, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 226-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1166 About Author (s) Karl Mark Arhin (Corresponding Author), Doctor of Philosophy (Political Science Department), Kaaf University, Kasoa, Ghana. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4362-5800 Selorm Kweku Dzokoto, PhD Researcher (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1230-0414 Saio Alusine Marrah, PhD Researcher (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4727-2480 Frank Korbla Dzokoto,  Associate Dean (Pearson Construction Management Faculty), Global Banking School, United Kingdom. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8033-2468 Basiru Haruna Nuhu, Master’s Student (School of Information and Software Engineering), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan P.R., 611731 Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1706-9802   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1166 --- ## The Evolution of Human Roles in Artificial Intelligence in Uganda: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9130 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-16 The Evolution of Human Roles in Artificial Intelligence in Uganda: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda Author (s) Joshua Mwesigye, Martin Kubanja, Richard Wemesa, & Keith Busingye Abstract As AI technology has moved forward over the generations, humans have increasingly been involved in the design, development, deployment and governance of intelligent systems. Based on a review of interdisciplinary literature, this conceptual paper brings together the Human Role Evolution Model (HREM), which views these roles as six interconnected roles: programmer, teacher, trainer, collaborator, governor, and co-evolution partner. The model is a representation of the evolution of roles as a redistribution, which is context-dependent, not an automatic linear process, of the human tasks, skills, decision authority and accountability. The paper looks at the impact of new forms of AI use in public service delivery, businesses, education, healthcare and the supply chain, in the context of Uganda’s specific institutional and regulatory context, to explore the impact of the new AI applications on human roles within these contexts. The framework enriches the human–computer interaction, organisational studies, and AI governance literature with an integrated analytical framework for studying the evolving nature of human interaction with AI systems, and it offers a research agenda for studying human–AI interactions in developing country settings. Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Human Roles, Human-in-the-Loop, Human-Centred AI, Uganda, Human–AI Collaboration, AI Governance, Human Role Evolution Model. Download PDF Title: The Evolution of Human Roles in Artificial Intelligence in Uganda: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda Author: Joshua Mwesigye, Martin Kubanja, Richard Wemesa, & Keith Busingye Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1196 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 13/08/2026 Date of Publication: 16/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1196.pdf Free download: Available Page: 470-487 First Page: 470 Last Page: 487 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Mwesigye, J., Kubanja, M., Wemesa, R., & Busingye, K. (2026). The Evolution of Human Roles in Artificial Intelligence in Uganda: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 470-487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1196   About Author (s) Joshua Mwesigye (Corresponding Author), Faculty of Engineering, Design and Technology, Department of Computing and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-0516 Martin Kubanja, Faculty of Engineering, Design and Technology, Department of Computing and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9899-4387 Richard Wemesa, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogerere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Keith Busingye, Department of Public and Comparative Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1196 --- ## Decision Support Model for Transforming Maritime International Cooperation Commitments into Development Investment Opportunities: Egyptian Ports Case Study URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9127 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-14 Decision Support Model for Transforming Maritime International Cooperation Commitments into Development Investment Opportunities: Egyptian Ports Case Study Author (s) Mai Ahmed Nader, Alaa M. Morsy, & Nehad Shahin Abstract International cooperation is a defining instrument of contemporary maritime governance, as treaties, memoranda of understanding, strategic partnerships, and technical cooperation frameworks increasingly shape the development trajectories of ports. Within the Egyptian maritime sector, however, a persistent gap separates the growing number of international cooperation commitments from their translation into bankable investments and sustainable development outcomes. Centralized governance, fragmented accountability, and the absence of a dedicated institutional interface constrain the capacity of port authorities to capture the developmental value of the agreements they conclude. This research proposes and empirically validates a Decision Support Model centered on a formally mandated International Cooperation Unit (ICU), operationalized through a six-phase, eighteen-step framework aligned with ISO 44001, OECD DAC evaluation criteria, IMO/IAPH technical cooperation protocols, and PMBOK/PRINCE2 project management standards. A concurrent mixed-methods design combined a structured, branched questionnaire with semi-structured expert interviews, yielding 76 validated expert responses across four professional tiers (operational to executive leadership), drawn from 31 countries in six world regions. Internal consistency was adequate to good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72–0.84), and non-parametric methods (Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney) were adopted in response to widespread non-normality in the data. The results reveal strong expert consensus on ICU criticality (mean = 4.31/5.0) against markedly lower institutional political will (mean = 2.76/5.0), a 1.55-point gap that identifies political will as the decisive implementation barrier. Statistically significant between-group differences in governance channel clarity (H = 8.71, p = .034), An expert perceived 78.6% improvement in cooperation management effectiveness attributable to integrated decision support systems, and an overall framework viability rating of 4.14/5.0 provide convergent evidence for the model. The research contributes the first empirical evidence base for ICU structures in maritime port authorities, equips the Alexandria Port Authority with an implementation roadmap—the first of its kind in Africa and the Arab region—and directly supports Egypt’s strategic vision of becoming a regional hub for transport, logistics, and transit trade. Key words: International Maritime Cooperation, Port Governance, Decision Support Systems, Maritime Investment, Egyptian Ports, International Cooperation Unit, Strategic Planning, Balanced Scorecard. Download PDF Title: Decision Support Model for Transforming Maritime International Cooperation Commitments into Development Investment Opportunities: Egyptian Ports Case Study Author: Mai Ahmed Nader, Alaa M. Morsy, & Nehad Shahin Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1195 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 09/08/2026 Date of Publication: 13/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1195.pdf Free download: Available Page: 454-469 First Page: 454 Last Page: 469 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Nader, M. A., Morsy, A. M., & Shahin, N. (2026). Decision Support Model for Transforming Maritime International Cooperation Commitments into Development Investment Opportunities: Egyptian Ports Case Study, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 454-469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1195   About Author (s) Mai Ahmed Nader (Corresponding Author), General Manager of the Technical Office for the Chairman of Alexandria Port Authority (APA) and head of the International Cooperation Team of APA, Alexandria, Egypt; Master’s degree student in the International Transport & Logistics Institute, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Egypt. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1583-5827 Alaa M. Morsy, Dean of Port Training Institute, Maritime Research and Consultation Center, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Egypt.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2111-1781 Nehad Shahin, Deputy Minister of Transport for Maritime Transportation Affairs, Doctor of Economic Studies and Political Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1195 --- ## Strengthening Internal Control Systems through Standardized Financial Manuals: A Case of Public Sector Organizations in Uganda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9122 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-08 Strengthening Internal Control Systems through Standardized Financial Manuals: A Case of Public Sector Organizations in Uganda  Author (s) Mark Mbuga Kayongo Abstract This study examines the role of standardized financial manuals in enhancing internal control systems within Uganda’s public sector organizations. Rooted in the evolution of financial management reforms globally and regionally, Uganda’s experience reflects both progress and challenges in institutionalizing internal controls through uniform financial procedures. Despite widespread adoption of manuals such as the Public Financial Management Manual and Local Government Financial and Accounting Manual, inconsistencies in implementation remain, especially at local government levels. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional mixed-methods approach, the research involved 65 finance professionals from selected ministries and local government units in Kampala. Quantitative data from structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from interviews revealed that standardized financial manuals significantly contribute to improved asset safeguarding, fraud prevention, compliance, and financial reporting accuracy. The regression analysis indicated a strong positive relationship (R = 0.796) between standardized financial manuals and internal control systems within Uganda’s public sector organizations, confirming that standardized financial manuals account for 63.3% of the variance in internal control system performance. The study concludes that while financial manuals are vital inputs for internal control systems, their impact is dependent on institutional capacity and behavioral integration. The study recommends regular manual updates, comprehensive staff training, leadership engagement, and leveraging information and communication technology platforms for wider accessibility. Consequently, standardized financial manuals serve as critical tools for promoting transparency, accountability, and financial integrity in Uganda’s public sector, contributing to enhanced public trust and efficient resource management. Keywords: Standardized Financial Manuals, Internal Control Systems, Public Sector Organizations, Financial Accountability, Transparency. Download PDF Title: Strengthening Internal Control Systems through Standardized Financial Manuals: A Case of Public Sector Organizations in Uganda Author: Mark Mbuga Kayongo Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2704 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 06/08/2026 Date of Publication: 08/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2704.pdf Free download: Available Page: 64-86 First Page: 64 Last Page: 86 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Kayongo, M. M. (2026). Strengthening Internal Control Systems through Standardized Financial Manuals: A Case of Public Sector Organizations in Uganda, International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 64-86. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2704 About Author (s) Mark Mbuga Kayongo, Senior Lecturer, Department of Business and Management, International University of East Africa, Uganda. Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2704 --- ## Mobile banking and financial performance of Stanbic bank Uganda limited, Kisoro branch URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9112 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-08 Mobile banking and financial performance of Stanbic bank Uganda limited, Kisoro branch  Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Sabiiti Mulema, Joshua Mwesigye, & Keith Busingye Abstract This study examined the effect of mobile banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda, using Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited, Kisoro Branch as a case study. Despite the growing adoption of electronic banking services, limited empirical evidence exists on how mobile banking specifically influences financial performance in rural areas such as Kisoro District. The study adopted a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population comprised 20 respondents, from whom a sample size of 19 was selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Both primary and secondary data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and document review. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that mobile banking has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, explaining 87.4% of the variation in financial performance. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from a rural banking context in Uganda, supporting the Technology Acceptance Model and Dynamic Capability Theory. The study recommends that management of Stanbic Bank should continue investing in robust and secure mobile banking platforms, improve mobile banking features, reduce transaction charges, and increase awareness campaigns to encourage adoption, especially in rural areas. Keywords: Mobile Banking, Financial Performance, Stanbic Bank, Kisoro Branch, Commercial Banks, Uganda. Download PDF Title: Mobile banking and financial performance of Stanbic bank Uganda limited, Kisoro branch Author: Richard Wemesa, Sabiiti Mulema, Joshua Mwesigye, & Keith Busingye Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2703 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 05/08/2026 Date of Publication: 07/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2703.pdf Free download: Available Page: 40-63 First Page: 40 Last Page: 63 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Mulema, S., Mwesigye, J., & Busingye, K. (2026). Mobile banking and financial performance of Stanbic bank Uganda limited, Kisoro branch, International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 40-63.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2703 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogerere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Sabiiti Mulema, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. Joshua Mwesigye, Faculty of Engineering Design and Technology, Department of Computing and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-0516 Keith Busingye, Department of Public and Comparative Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2703 --- ## Academic Staff Welfare and the Implementation of Competency-Based Curricula in Ugandan Universities URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9116 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-08 Academic Staff Welfare and the Implementation of Competency-Based Curricula in Ugandan Universities Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Christopher Wagima, Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, & Keith Busingye Abstract The global transition toward Competency-Based Curricula (CBC) in higher education represents a fundamental reorientation from knowledge transmission to demonstrable skill application. Ugandan universities, guided by the National Council for Higher Education, have been mandated to fully transition to competence-based learning by the 2027/2028 academic year. However, the success of this ambitious reform depends critically on the human infrastructure tasked with its implementation: academic staff. This conceptual review examines the relationship between academic staff welfare and CBC implementation readiness in Ugandan universities. Drawing on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, the study synthesizes evidence from existing literature to demonstrate that poor remuneration, job insecurity, excessive workloads, and inadequate professional development act as powerful hygiene factors that demotivate faculty and directly undermine the pedagogical shifts required for CBC. The review identifies specific welfare dimensions that most significantly affect CBC readiness and proposes a conceptual framework linking welfare conditions to implementation outcomes. The analysis concludes that without strategic investment in holistic academic staff welfare—financial, professional, and psychological—CBC implementation in Uganda will remain a symbolic policy exercise rather than a transformative reality. This review contributes to the literature on higher education reform in developing contexts by foregrounding the often-neglected human factor in curriculum change and provides evidence-based recommendations for integrating staff welfare into national CBC implementation strategies. Key words: Academic Staff Welfare, Competency-Based Curriculum, Ugandan Universities, Higher Education Reform, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. Download PDF Title: Academic Staff Welfare and the Implementation of Competency-Based Curricula in Ugandan Universities Author: Richard Wemesa, Christopher Wagima, Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, & Keith Busingye Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1194 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 04/08/2026 Date of Publication: 07/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1194.pdf Free download: Available Page: 436-453 First Page: 436 Last Page: 453 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Wagima, C., Kaziba, M. I., & Busingye, K. (2026). Academic Staff Welfare and the Implementation of Competency-Based Curricula in Ugandan Universities, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 436-453.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1194   About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogerere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Christopher Wagima, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9206-5922 Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, Faculty of law, Islamic University in Uganda & School of Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. Keith Busingye, Department of Public and Comparative Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1194 --- ## Breaking the Loop to Close the Loop: A Thematic Synthesis of Social Barriers and the Legal-Policy Landscape Shaping Circular Business Models in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9108 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-06 Breaking the Loop to Close the Loop: A Thematic Synthesis of Social Barriers and the Legal-Policy Landscape Shaping Circular Business Models in Bangladesh  Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Abstract Circular business models (CBMs) are increasingly promoted as a means of balancing industrial growth with resource and environmental constraints, yet their adoption in lower-middle-income economies remains limited. This review synthesizes scholarly and policy literature on the social barriers and legal-policy conditions influencing CBM adoption in Bangladesh, where export-oriented manufacturing, extensive informal recovery networks, and growing environmental pressures make circular economy (CE) transition particularly urgent. Drawing on institutional theory and the multi-level perspective, the study examines how socio-cultural and regulatory factors interact across regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive dimensions. Three themes emerge. First, socio-cultural and market barriers include price-sensitive consumption patterns, low trust in secondary materials, perceptions linking status to new products, and limited community participation. Second, the regulatory framework is relatively extensive but remains fragmented, punitive, and weakly enforced, illustrated by implementation gaps in key waste management regulations. Third, a socio-institutional lock-in loop is identified, where regulatory uncertainty, delayed investment, weak market demand, and the marginalization of informal actors reinforce one another. The review develops six propositions explaining these reinforcing mechanisms, reframes informality as an institutional order rather than a residual category, and positions Bangladesh within the broader trajectory of South Asian CE research. A sequenced transition pathway is proposed that aligns institutional reform with industrial competitiveness and emerging international circularity requirements. The study explains why circular transitions stall and identifies practical pathways for accelerating change. Keywords: Circular economy, Circular business models, Institutional theory, Multi-level perspective, Extended producer responsibility, Informal sector. Download PDF Title: Breaking the Loop to Close the Loop: A Thematic Synthesis of Social Barriers and the Legal-Policy Landscape Shaping Circular Business Models in Bangladesh Author: Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2702 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 04/08/2026 Date of Publication: 06/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2702.pdf Free download: Available Page: 22-39 First Page: 22 Last Page: 39 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Hossain, K. M. I. (2026). Breaking the Loop to Close the Loop: A Thematic Synthesis of Social Barriers and the Legal-Policy Landscape Shaping Circular Business Models in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 22-39.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2702 About Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain, Centre for Higher Studies and Research (CHSR), Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4403-0329   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2702 --- ## Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes under the United Nations Charter: A Critical Analysis of Bangladesh’s Practice URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9104 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-06 Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes under the United Nations Charter: A Critical Analysis of Bangladesh’s Practice Author (s) Md. Omar Faruk Abstract The peaceful settlement of international disputes is one of the fundamental obligations of the United Nations Charter, under Articles 2(3) and 33. In this regard, the experience of Bangladesh provides a useful case study to analyse the ways in which a developing state promotes peaceful relations with its neighbours and defends its national interests through diplomacy, bilateral treaties, judicial decisions, and arbitral proceedings. This research paper assesses the peaceful settlement mechanisms used by Bangladesh in various types of international disputes in terms of their appropriateness, effectiveness and sustainability. The study applies a qualitative doctrinal legal approach based on the UN Charter, the Constitution of Bangladesh, bilateral treaties, case law, arbitral awards and literature. A comparative case-study approach is used to analyse the India-Bangladesh land-boundary settlement, water-sharing issues on the Ganges, maritime-boundary issues with Myanmar and India, and the Rohingya crisis. The results of this study show that Bangladesh has not relied on a single uniform settlement mechanism; instead, Bangladesh adopts a differentiated approach to the settlement mechanisms. The territorial and water-sharing conflicts have been solved by bilateral negotiations and by the use of treaties and agreements; the maritime disputes have been solved by judicial settlement and arbitration. However, the Rohingya crisis requires a durable solution that depends on politics and human rights conditions within Myanmar. This paper examines Bangladesh’s practice regarding peaceful settlement of international disputes, and it assesses the effectiveness of Bangladesh’s diplomacy in international dispute settlement. Key words: Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, Article 33, Bilateral Negotiation, Bangladesh, Maritime Delimitation, International Adjudication, Rohingya Crisis, Treaty-Based Co-operation. Download PDF Title: Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes under the United Nations Charter: A Critical Analysis of Bangladesh’s Practice Author: Md. Omar Faruk Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1193 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 03/08/2026 Date of Publication: 06/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1193.pdf Free download: Available Page: 418-435 First Page: 418 Last Page: 435 Paper Type: Doctrinal Legal Research Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Faruk, M. O. (2026). Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes under the United Nations Charter: A Critical Analysis of Bangladesh’s Practice, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 418-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1193 About Author (s) Md. Omar Faruk, Department of Law, Green University of Bangladesh, Purbachal American City, Kanchan, Rupganj, Narayanganj-1461, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2377-7570   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1193 --- ## Role of the 2015 Paris Agreement in Tackling Climate Change: An Overview URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9101 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-06 Role of the 2015 Paris Agreement in Tackling Climate Change: An Overview Author (s) Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Mostafijur Rahman, Ashiya Akter, & Forhad Hossain Abstract The 2015 Paris Agreement, which established a global legal framework to confront the escalating difficulties of climate change, is a significant accomplishment in international climate governance. This article analyzes the legal underpinnings, institutional processes, implementation tactics, and global relevance of the Paris Agreement in order to investigate its role in reducing climate change. It examines the main goal of the Agreement, which is to keep global average temperature growth well below 2°C over pre-industrial levels while working to keep warming to 1.5°C. The system of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the transparency framework, the Global Stocktake, climate finance, technology transfer and capacity-building initiatives, all of which together foster global collaboration and accountability are given special attention. The article also assesses the Agreement’s successes in promoting broad participation and bolstering national climate policies, but it also highlights enduring issues, such as the lack of legally binding emission targets, uneven implementation, insufficient financial support for developing nations, and insufficient commitments to reduce emissions. The study examines pertinent international legal instruments, academic literature, reports from international organizations, and judicial developments using a doctrinal and analytical research technique. The results indicate that while the Paris Agreement has greatly changed global climate governance by encouraging progressive and cooperative climate action, its long-term efficacy ultimately depends on increased international solidarity, stronger NDC implementation, increased political commitment, and increased climate finance. According to the article’s conclusion, the Paris Agreement continues to be the cornerstone of the current international climate change regime and offers a dynamic framework that can direct collective efforts toward sustainable development and climate resilience, so long as States maintain their commitment to accelerate decarburization and fulfill their obligations under the Agreement. Key words: Paris Agreement, Climate Change, NDCs, ETF, CBDR-RC, Sustainability, Global Governance. De-carburization. Download PDF Title: Role of the 2015 Paris Agreement in Tackling Climate Change: An Overview Author: Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Mostafijur Rahman, Ashiya Akter, & Forhad Hossain Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1192 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 04/08/2026 Date of Publication: 06/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1192.pdf Free download: Available Page: 403-417 First Page: 403 Last Page: 417 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Islam, M. A., Rahman, M. M., Akter, A. & Hossain, F. (2026). Role of the 2015 Paris Agreement in Tackling Climate Change: An Overview, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 403-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1192 About Author (s) Md. Ariful Islam (Corresponding author), Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Prime University, Mirpur-1, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4538-6334 Md. Mostafijur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Prime University, Mirpur-1, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. Ashiya Akter,  Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Prime University, Mirpur-1, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. Forhad Hossain, LLM Student, Department of Law, Prime University, Mirpur-1, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1192 --- ## Deep Transfer Learning Model with Comparative Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Detection URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9096 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-05 Deep Transfer Learning Model with Comparative Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Detection Author (s) Md. Abdul Wahab Abstract Diabetic retinopathy is a severe visual impairment caused by diabetes mellitus and affects a large percentage of the world’s population. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of blindness and visual loss. The early detection of the disease is crucial to ensure that patients are treated promptly and to prevent irreversible loss of vision. Ophthalmologists commonly use manual assessment of retinal images for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, a method that is often subjective, labor intensive and time consuming. Deep learning, a branch of AI, has been shown to be very good at recognizing complicated patterns and features in large datasets, making it a perfect tool for the analysis of medical images. In this work, we present a strong deep learning framework for diabetic retinopathy classification. It uses ResNet152, ResNet50 and VGG16 frameworks on a diverse set of retinal images. The architecture of Resnet-50 showed an impressive efficacy with 95% accuracy, validating its ability to identify subtle differences related to different phases of diabetic retinopathy. The VGG16 model was able to achieve 61% accuracy which showed the difference in performance compared to ResNet-50. These results proved the superiority of ResNet-50 on this particular application, indicating its practicability for the clinical use. This manuscript shares some critical perspectives on the use of deep learning in the analysis of medical images, highlighting the significance of choosing the right model to improve the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. The work in this paper contributes to the emerging field of medical image analysis and deep learning in healthcare. Key words: Diabetic Retinopathy, Deep learning, Transfer learning, ResNet-50, ResNet-152, VGG-16, Confusion matrix. Download PDF Title: Deep Transfer Learning Model with Comparative Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Detection Author: Md. Abdul Wahab Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1191 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 03/08/2026 Date of Publication: 05/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1191.pdf Free download: Available Page: 388-402 First Page: 388 Last Page: 402 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wahab, M. A. (2026). Deep Transfer Learning Model with Comparative Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Detection, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 388-402.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1191 About Author (s) Md. Abdul Wahab, Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7256-7725   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1191 --- ## Bridging the Skills Gap through Competency-Based Education: Legal and Policy Perspectives from Uganda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9090 Type: post Modified: 2026-08-01 Bridging the Skills Gap through Competency-Based Education: Legal and Policy Perspectives from Uganda Author (s) Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, Richard Wemesa, Joshua Mwesigye, & Keith Busingye Abstract Uganda’s transition to competency-based education and training represent one of the most significant pedagogical and regulatory reforms in contemporary African education policy. This article critically examines the legal and policy frameworks underpinning this transition at national, regional, continental, and international levels. Through a qualitative case study design employing document analysis and the IRAC framework for legal analysis, the study draws on parliamentary records, assessment data, labour market surveys, and recent scholarly literature. The findings reveal a fundamental implementation paradox: institutional compliance with regulatory mandates coexists with persistent deficiencies in applied competencies that competency-based education was designed to cultivate. Despite possessing one of the most progressive legal frameworks in Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda faces significant challenges including definitional ambiguity in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Act 2025, delayed issuance of subsidiary legislation for the Skills Development Levy, inadequate teacher preparedness, resource disparities across institutions, and weak industry engagement mechanisms. The study identifies three interrelated gaps: legislative ambiguity, institutional capacity deficits, and absence of outcome-based accountability. These gaps are compounded by regional and gender disparities, with labour underutilization reaching 58.3% among youth aged 15-19. The article concludes that sustainable reform requires moving beyond regulatory compulsion toward outcome-based accountability, genuine industry partnership, equitable resource distribution, and policy coherence across national, regional, and international frameworks. Evidence from across Sub-Saharan Africa confirms that legal mandate alone is insufficient without congruent resource allocation, pedagogical transformation, and sustained stakeholder engagement. The article offers targeted recommendations for legislative amendment, regulatory development, and equity sensitive implementation. Key words: Competency Based Education, Skills Gap, Legal Frameworks, Policy Perspectives, Uganda, Technical and Vocational Education and Training. Download PDF Title: Bridging the Skills Gap through Competency-Based Education: Legal and Policy Perspectives from Uganda Author: Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, Richard Wemesa, Joshua Mwesigye, & Keith Busingye Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1190 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 30/07/2026 Date of Publication: 01/08/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1190.pdf Free download: Available Page: 371-387 First Page: 371 Last Page: 387 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kaziba, M. I., Wemesa, R., Mwesigye, J., & Busingye, K. (2026). Bridging the Skills Gap through Competency Based Education: Legal and Policy Perspectives from Uganda, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 371-387.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1190 About Author (s) Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, Faculty of law, Islamic University in Uganda & School of Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogerere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Joshua Mwesigye, Faculty of Engineering Design and Technology, Department of Computing and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-0516 Keith Busingye, Department of Public and Comparative Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1190 --- ## The Impact of Ethnicity, Nation-Building and Development in South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9084 Type: post Modified: 2026-07-28 The Impact of Ethnicity, Nation-Building and Development in South Sudan Author (s) Thomas Iga Tadeo Moini & Maxwell Adea Abstract This study examined the relationship between ethnic identity, nation-building, and socioeconomic development in South Sudan. Despite gaining independence in 2011, South Sudan continues to face significant challenges related to ethnic polarization, weak national cohesion, political instability, and uneven socioeconomic development. The study was guided by three objectives: to examine the role of ethnic identity in nation-building, assess the impact of ethnic politics on socioeconomic development, and identify strategies for reconciling ethnic diversity with nation-building and sustainable development. The study was anchored on Social Identity Theory and Conflict Theory and employed a mixed-methods research design. Data were collected from 169 respondents selected from Central Equatoria, Jonglei, and Unity States using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression in SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that 77.6% of respondents agreed that ethnic identity strongly influences citizens’ sense of belonging, while 80.7% believed political appointments are largely determined by ethnicity and 81.2% agreed that ethnic favoritism influences resource allocation. Respondents further identified inter-ethnic dialogue, inclusive power-sharing, civic education, and equitable economic development as important strategies for promoting national unity and reducing ethnic divisions. However, multiple regression analysis showed that ethnic identity and nation-building did not have a statistically significant direct effect on socioeconomic development (R² = 0.017, F = 1.406, p = 0.248), suggesting that governance quality, institutional effectiveness, political stability, corruption, and security have a stronger influence on development outcomes than ethnicity alone. The study concludes that ethnicity remains an important determinant of political behavior, governance, and social cohesion in South Sudan but influences socioeconomic development largely through institutional and governance mechanisms rather than directly. The study recommends strengthening inclusive governance, merit-based public administration, equitable resource allocation, civic education, inter-ethnic dialogue, and institutional reforms to foster national cohesion and sustainable development. The study contributes context-specific empirical evidence to the literature on ethnicity, nation-building, and development in fragile states and provides practical policy recommendations for strengthening peace, national integration, and inclusive development in South Sudan. Key words: Ethnic identity, Ethnic politics, Nation-building, Socioeconomic development, Inclusive governance, South Sudan. Download PDF Title: The Impact of Ethnicity, Nation-Building and Development in South Sudan Author: Thomas Iga Tadeo Moini & Maxwell Adea Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1189 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 21/07/2026 Date of Publication: 26/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1189.pdf Free download: Available Page: 350-370 First Page: 350 Last Page: 370 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Moini, T. I. T. & Adea, M. (2026). The Impact of Ethnicity, Nation-Building and Development in South Sudan, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 350-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1189 About Author (s) Thomas Iga Tadeo Moini  , Phd student, Juba University, South Sudan. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author),Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan; Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan; Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1189 --- ## Artificial Intelligence Applications in Aquaculture: A Review of Global Progress and Zambia’s Readiness for Adoption URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9079 Type: post Modified: 2026-07-25 Artificial Intelligence Applications in Aquaculture: A Review of Global Progress and Zambia’s Readiness for Adoption Author (s) Emman Chilambe, Haggai Gondwe, Alaa Shakir Mahnood, & Clara N Kun Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the aquaculture industry, with intelligent technologies enhancing feed management, water quality monitoring, disease detection, biomass estimation, and overall productivity in aquaculture systems worldwide. This review examines the advancements in AI applications in global aquaculture while evaluating Zambia’s current readiness for AI adoption, including opportunities, barriers, and policy gaps. A narrative literature review approach was employed to synthesize information from diverse academic sources. The findings reveal that Zambia possesses significant potential for AI utilization due to its extensive freshwater resources, growing aquaculture sector, and an annual fish deficit of approximately 74,000 tonnes. Commercial cage farms on Lake Kariba, with capacities ranging from 96 to 135,534 m³, represent suitable pilot sites for AI deployment. Feed constitutes over 50% of production costs on these commercial cage operations, presenting a compelling opportunity for AI-based feed optimization. However, 95% of producers are smallholder farmers facing challenges including inadequate digital infrastructure, lack of unified production data, insufficient technical skills, weak institutional coordination, and financial constraints. This review contributes a comprehensive assessment of Zambia’s AI readiness across multiple dimensions and proposes a phased, context-specific implementation framework. A gradual approach emphasizing infrastructure development, capacity enhancement, policy reforms, and research collaboration is recommended to accelerate AI adoption and foster sustainable aquaculture development in Zambia. Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Aquaculture, Smart Farming, Technology, Smallholder Fisheries, Zambia. Download PDF Title: Artificial Intelligence Applications in Aquaculture: A Review of Global Progress and Zambia’s Readiness for Adoption Author: Emman Chilambe, Haggai Gondwe, Alaa Shakir Mahnood, & Clara N Kun Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1188 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 20/07/2026 Date of Publication: 25/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1188.pdf Free download: Available Page: 327-349 First Page: 327 Last Page: 349 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Chilambe, E., Gondwe, H., Mahnood, A. S., & Kun, C. N. (2026). Artificial Intelligence Applications in Aquaculture: A Review of Global Progress and Zambia’s Readiness for Adoption, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 327-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1188 About Author (s) Emman Chilambe (Corresponding Author), Zambia College of Agriculture (ZCA), Mpika, Zambia; Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1836-9417 Haggai Gondwe, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China; National Aquaculture Research and Development Centre (NARDC), Kitwe, Zambia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2616-5041 Alaa Shakir Mahnood, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7410-8896 Clara N Kun, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0939-3089   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1188 --- ## Multi-Class Pest Recognition in Agricultural Environment: From Efficient Training to Deployment URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9071 Type: post Modified: 2026-07-24 Multi-Class Pest Recognition in Agricultural Environment: From Efficient Training to Deployment Author (s) Adamsay Turay Abstract Agriculture sustains the livelihoods of millions across Sierra Leone and sub-Saharan Africa, yet insect pests cause substantial crop losses each year. Traditional pest identification depends on informal farmer experience, delaying effective intervention. Although deep learning has demonstrated strong potential for automated pest recognition, most studies focus narrowly on classification accuracy and overlook the practical challenge of deploying models in resource-limited settings. This study proposes an integrated pipeline combining model training, comparative architectural evaluation, compiler-based deployment optimization, and end-user interface development, designed explicitly for the hardware constraints of sub-Saharan agricultural environments. Two architectures MobileNetV2 (a lightweight convolutional neural network) and Vision Transformer (ViT-B/16) were trained and evaluated under identical conditions on the IP102 benchmark dataset, which contains over 75,000 images across 102 pest categories. Classification performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, alongside deployment metrics including parameter count, model size, and inference latency. Trained models were compiled using Apache TVM and executed on CPU-only hardware to assess deployment feasibility. Numerical verification confirmed that compiled models retained high consistency with PyTorch outputs (cosine similarity ≈ 0.9963). Vision Transformer achieved 69.17% test accuracy, outperforming MobileNetV2 (53.8%) by 15.37 percentage points a statistically significant difference (z ≈ 30.1, p < 0.0001) while MobileNetV2 offered substantially lower computational cost (4.2M parameters, 16 MB versus 87.3M parameters, 349 MB). A web-based application achieved average inference latency of 241 ms under CPU-only conditions. Field validation on locally collected Sierra Leonean pest images remains an important avenue for future work. These findings provide empirical guidance for selecting between accuracy-optimized and efficiency-optimized architectures and demonstrate that compiler-based deployment is a scientifically viable pathway for agricultural AI in low-resource settings. Key words: Agricultural pest recognition, Deep learning, MobileNetV2, Vision Transformer, Apache TVM, IP102, Edge AI, Resource-constrained deployment. Download PDF Title: Multi-Class Pest Recognition in Agricultural Environment: From Efficient Training to Deployment Author: Adamsay Turay Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1186 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 15/07/2026 Date of Publication: 19/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1186.pdf Free download: Available Page: 290-310 First Page: 290 Last Page: 310 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Turay, A. (2026). Multi-Class Pest Recognition in Agricultural Environment: From Efficient Training to Deployment, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 290-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1186 About Author (s) Adamsay Turay, School of Software Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3813-5110   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1186 --- ## Africa’s Leadership Potential in Legal Technology: A Deep Tech Pathway for Global Justice Innovation URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/9075 Type: post Modified: 2026-07-24 Africa’s Leadership Potential in Legal Technology: A Deep Tech Pathway for Global Justice Innovation Author (s) Keith Busingye, Richard Wemesa, Joshua Mwesigye, & Faustin Buteera Abstract Legal technology is fundamentally reshaping the delivery, regulation, and accessibility of legal services across the globe. While innovation in this domain has historically been concentrated in Europe and North America, Africa increasingly possesses the structural, demographic, and institutional endowments necessary to assume global leadership. This conceptual paper examines the proposition that Africa legal systems, characterized by ongoing judicial reforms, rapid digitalisation, and the adoption of frontier technologies including artificial intelligence, blockchain, and data analytics, present unique opportunities for designing technology-native legal systems capable of global replication. Through a critical synthesis of existing scholarship on legal technology, Africa judicial reform, and digital governance frameworks, the paper identifies the distinctive advantages of Africa legal systems including structural flexibility, legal pluralism, and pan-Africa integration mechanisms that collectively position the continent for leadership in legal technology innovation. The review contributes to the literature by articulating a comprehensive framework that links Africa’s demographic dividend, deep technology ecosystem development, and emerging regulatory architectures to transformative possibilities in global justice delivery. Key findings suggest that Africa’s capacity to pioneer inclusive, technology-driven legal solutions stems from its ability to bypass legacy infrastructure constraints and embed social justice principles within technological innovation. The paper further identifies critical research gaps concerning empirical validation of Africa legal tech interventions, comparative analysis across jurisdictions, and regulatory frameworks for algorithmic accountability. Implications for policymakers, legal practitioners, technology entrepreneurs, and international development organizations are discussed, alongside directions for future empirical and theoretical inquiry. Key words: Legal Technology, Africa Legal Systems, Access to Justice, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, Online Dispute Resolution, Digital Governance, Legal Innovation. Download PDF Title: Africa’s Leadership Potential in Legal Technology: A Deep Tech Pathway for Global Justice Innovation Author: Keith Busingye, Richard Wemesa, Joshua Mwesigye, & Faustin Buteera Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1187 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 21/07/2026 Date of Publication: 24/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1187.pdf Free download: Available Page: 311-326 First Page: 311 Last Page: 326 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Busingye, K., Wemesa, R., Mwesigye, J., & Buteera, F. (2026). Africa’s Leadership Potential in Legal Technology: A Deep Tech Pathway for Global Justice Innovation, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 311-326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1187   About Author (s) Keith Busingye, Department of Public and Comparative Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487 Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogerere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Joshua Mwesigye, Faculty of Engineering Design and Technology, Department of Computing and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono , Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-0516 Faustin Buteera, Department of Theology and Christian ministry, Cornerstone University Uganda, Wakiso, Uganda. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7010-4014   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1187 --- ## Evaluating the Effectiveness of Digital Excise Tax Stamp Systems in Strengthening Excise Tax Compliance and Supporting Policy Enforcement: A Comparative Secondary Research Study URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9065 Type: post Modified: 2026-07-18 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Digital Excise Tax Stamp Systems in Strengthening Excise Tax Compliance and Supporting Policy Enforcement: A Comparative Secondary Research Study Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Christopher Wagima, Joshua Mwesigye, & Alex Madolo Abstract Governments worldwide are increasingly adopting digital technologies to enhance tax administration, improve compliance, and combat illicit trade. Illicit trade significantly undermines global excise tax revenues and policy enforcement. While digital excise tax stamp systems are increasingly adopted to combat this issue, cross-country evidence on their effectiveness remains fragmented. This study assesses how these digital systems improve tax compliance and support enforcement through a comparative secondary research methodology. Analyzing secondary data from Kenya, Turkey, Brazil, Georgia, and the European Union via thematic comparative analysis, the findings reveal that digital stamps materially enhance compliance by increasing supply chain visibility and strengthening oversight. Track-and-trace functionality emerged as the most consequential element for deterring illicit trade. However, effectiveness varies substantially by context; Turkey and the EU achieved superior outcomes through robust regulatory integration and stakeholder engagement, while Georgia’s progress was moderated by institutional limitations. The study concludes that digital excise tax stamps are effective tools when embedded within comprehensive governance frameworks. Technological advances alone are insufficient, requiring coordinated regulation, analytical capacity, and sustained institutional investment to maximize compliance and enforcement gains. Key words: Digital Excise Tax Stamps, Excise Tax Compliance, Policy Enforcement, Track-and-Trace Systems, Tax Administration, Illicit Trade, Digital Governance. Download PDF Title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Digital Excise Tax Stamp Systems in Strengthening Excise Tax Compliance and Supporting Policy Enforcement: A Comparative Secondary Research Study Author: Richard Wemesa, Christopher Wagima, Joshua Mwesigye, & Alex Madolo Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1227 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 12/07/2026 Date of Publication: 14/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1227.pdf Free download: Available Page: 483-507 First Page: 483 Last Page: 507 Paper Type: Mathematical Article Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Wagima, C., Mwesigye, J., & Madolo, A. (2026). Evaluating the effectiveness of digital excise tax stamp systems in strengthening excise tax compliance and supporting policy enforcement: A comparative secondary research study, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 483-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1227 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road,  Ggaba  Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere ,  Kazinga , Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road,  P. O.Box  4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Christopher Wagima, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda.ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9206-5922 Joshua Mwesigye, Department of Computing and technology, Faculty of Engineering, Design and technology, Uganda Christian University, Wakiso, Uganda. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-0516 Alex Madolo, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1227 --- ## Earnings Management and Firm Attributes as Predictors of Audit Opinions: Evidence from Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-53-issue-1/9059 Type: post Modified: 2026-07-13 Earnings Management and Firm Attributes as Predictors of Audit Opinions: Evidence from Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries  Author (s) Kawsar Jahan & Apurba Ghosh Abstract This study aims to identify whether auditors’ reporting decisions are significantly driven by firms’ earnings management and other firm specific characteristics for DSE-listed Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries by addressing the likelihood of receiving qualified opinion. The absolute value of discretionary accruals is used as a proxy for earnings management, based on the modified Jones model, and logistic regression is used due to the binary nature of the dependent variable, audit report type. Some control variables are included as firm specific determinants and data have been collected from 22 pharmaceutical and 12 chemical companies, which together comprise 34 DSE-listed companies, and a balanced panel data set was used over a seven-year period (2018–2024) for the empirical research. Results of the study prescribed that earnings management, leverage, audit delay, inventory intensity, previous year losses and prior year losses have a significant and positive association with the likelihood of receiving a qualified audit opinion. Other firm attributes like firm size, total liabilities to equity ratio and turnover tend to diminish it. All the Big 4 auditors provide an unqualified opinion, and profitability enhances the probability of qualifications. The outcomes of the analysis emphasize the importance of financial reporting behavior, transparent judgments, useful monitoring, and disciplined corporate management in order to intensify the overall audit quality and investor confidence.  This study offers sector-specific empirical evidence from Bangladesh’s capital market and provide new insights in the measurement of audit opinion determinants in an emerging economy. Keywords: Earnings Management, Audit Opinion, Audit Report Types, Logistic Regression, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sector, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). Download PDF Title: Earnings Management and Firm Attributes as Predictors of Audit Opinions: Evidence from Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries Author: Kawsar Jahan & Apurba Ghosh Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2701 Media: Online Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 11/07/2026 Date of Publication: 13/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2701.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-21 First Page: 1 Last Page: 21 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Jahan, K., & Ghosh, A. (2026). Earnings Management and Firm Attributes as Predictors of Audit Opinions: Evidence from Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries, International Journal of Science and Business, 53(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2701 About Author (s) Dr. Kawsar Jahan, Professor, Department of Accounting, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1108-9659 Apurba Ghosh (Corresponding Author), Department of Accounting, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8634-5442   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2701 --- ## Evaluation of the Impact of Loan Tenure on Loan Repayment: A Case Study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre Limited URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9055 Type: post Modified: 2026-07-09 Evaluation of the Impact of Loan Tenure on Loan Repayment: A Case Study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre Limited Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Christopher Wagima, Brian Mugisha, & Keneth Nizeyimana Abstract This research investigated how the length of loan repayment periods affects repayment outcomes at Budadiri Microfinance Centre Limited. The primary aim was to evaluate the influence of varying loan-tenure structures on borrowers’ repayment capacity. The study specifically examined short-term, medium-term, long-term, and optimal loan tenures and their effects on repayment performance. A quantitative approach was employed, drawing data from 350 clients of Budadiri Microfinance Centre Limited. Primary information was gathered using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics alongside correlation analysis. Results indicated a very weak positive association between short-term loan tenure and repayment performance (r = 0.073, p = 0.406), and a similarly weak positive association for long-term loan tenure (r = 0.098, p = 0.262); neither relationship reached statistical significance. Conversely, the analysis found that optimal loan tenure was moderately and negatively correlated with default risk (r = -0.488, p = 0.000), a relationship that is statistically significant, suggesting that appropriately determined loan durations substantially lower default likelihood. The study infers that while loan tenure by itself may not be a strong predictor of repayment outcomes, tailoring tenures to borrowers’ financial realities is crucial to enhancing repayment rates and curbing defaults. Recommendations include that Budadiri Microfinance Centre Limited adopt more flexible tenure frameworks, improve borrower evaluation procedures, promote client financial literacy, and strengthen loan monitoring systems to bolster repayment performance. Key words: Loan Tenure, Loan Repayment, Budadiri, Microfinance, Centre. Download PDF Title: Evaluation of the Impact of Loan Tenure on Loan Repayment: A Case Study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre Limited Author: Richard Wemesa, Christopher Wagima, Brian Mugisha, & Keneth Nizeyimana Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1226 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 05/07/2026 Date of Publication: 09/07/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1226.pdf Free download: Available Page: 466-482 First Page: 466 Last Page: 482 Paper Type: Mathematical Article Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Wagima, C., Mugisha, B., & Nizeyimana, K. (2026). Evaluation of the Impact of Loan Tenure on Loan Repayment: A Case Study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre Limited, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 466-482.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1226   About Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road,  Ggaba  Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere ,  Kazinga , Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road,  P. O.Box  4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Christopher Wagima, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road,  Ggaba  Road, Kampala Uganda.ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9206-5922 Brian Mugisha, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road,  Ggaba  Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2476-1530 Keneth Nizeyimana, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road,  Ggaba  Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2521-7655   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1226 --- ## Prevalence of Geriatric Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors in Rangpur, Bangladesh: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9048 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-30 Prevalence of Geriatric Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors in Rangpur, Bangladesh: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study Author (s) Anonto Chandra, Md. Mamunor Rashid, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, & Rima Akter Abstract Depression exists as an important public health problem for the elderly population throughout developing nations, including Bangladesh. Several risk factors affect the elderly population because they must handle chronic health problems, experience social isolation, and struggle with financial limitations, leading to depression symptoms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among the elderly population in Rangpur, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional research study was conducted in Rangpur District and focused on persons aged 60 and older. A purposive sampling technique was implemented to select 400 participants. The data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire had sections for the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and socio-demographic information. The researchers employed SPSS version 27 for statistical analyses through chi-square tests to determine the connections between depression and risk factors.The research revealed that depression had affected 37.8% of individuals within the elderly population. The study results showed that among the total group of depressed elderly participants, 17% had mild depression, whereas 12.5% exhibited moderate levels and 8.3% presented severe depression. Statistical results demonstrated that depression rates stood at 45.6% for women and 30.2% for men. The 60–75-year population age group reported the highest occurrence of depression at 34.5%. The key factors associated with depression included lower educational status, rural residence, lack of exercise and being widowed or divorced. Analysing depression through the chi-square test revealed meaningful correlations between depression levels and gender (p=0.001), age (p=0.023), educational status (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001) and physical activity (p<0.017).Depression affects the elderly population in Rangpur to a high degree, and it was more common among females, the oldest-old, widowed respondents, those with lower educational attainment, those not engaged in earning activities, rural residents, and those who did not exercise regularly. Mental well-being interventions targeting elderly patients require awareness initiatives coupled with social assistance structures together with better healthcare services to combat their depression. Key words: Depression, Elderly Population, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Rangpur, Bangladesh. Download PDF Title: Prevalence of Geriatric Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors in Rangpur, Bangladesh: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study Author: Anonto Chandra, Md. Mamunor Rashid, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, & Rima Akter Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1224 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 28/06/2026 Date of Publication: 30/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1224.pdf Free download: Available Page: 436-449 First Page: 436 Last Page: 449 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Chandra, A., Rashid, M. M., Al Mamun, M. A., & Akter, R. (2026). Prevalence of geriatric depression and its associated risk factors in Rangpur, Bangladesh: A community-based cross-sectional study., Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 436-449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1224 About Author (s) Anonto Chandra (Corresponding Author), Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8396-5132 Md. Mamunor Rashid, Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Rima Akter, Department of Anthropology, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1224 --- ## Recharge and Pollution Vulnerability Under Contrasting Geological Settings in North-western Bangladesh: Evidence from Stable Isotopes and Hydrochemistry URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9045 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-28 Recharge and Pollution Vulnerability Under Contrasting Geological Settings in North-western Bangladesh: Evidence from Stable Isotopes and Hydrochemistry Author (s) Shamim Ahmed, Khondaker Emamul Haque, S. M. Shafiuzzaman, Md. Moniruzzaman, Mst. Shamima Yeasmin, Most. Rajia Sultana, & Md. Shajedul Islam Abstract Groundwater in north-western Bangladesh is under growing stress from intensive abstraction, uncertain recharge, and deteriorating water quality. These pressures are particularly evident in two contrasting hydrogeological settings, the Floodplain and the Barind Tract, where aquifer behaviour differs markedly despite exposure to the same regional climate. A total of 23 water samples from river water, floodplain aquifers, and Barind aquifers were analysed for stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O), major ions, and trace elements to evaluate groundwater recharge mechanisms and vulnerability to pollution across contrasting geological settings in north-western Bangladesh. The isotopic analysis showed that the water is recharging in the floodplain aquifer. In contrast, the Barind aquifer is restricted from recharge due to the thick clay layer over the aquifer. Hydrochemical analyses indicated a predominance of Ca–Mg–HCO₃ water type, with elevated concentrations of K, Fe, Mn, As, Pb, NO3 and NO2 in the Floodplain, suggesting higher pollution vulnerability. Nitrate Pollution Index and Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index results confirmed these differences in groundwater quality. Overall, Floodplain aquifers are recharge-prone but contamination-sensitive, whereas Barind aquifers are recharge-limited but depletion-prone. These findings provide a comparative framework for setting-specific groundwater management strategies. Key words: Floodplain, Barind Tract, Hydrochemistry, Stable isotopes, Groundwater recharge, Pollution vulnerability, EWQI. Download PDF Title: Recharge and Pollution Vulnerability Under Contrasting Geological Settings in North-western Bangladesh: Evidence from Stable Isotopes and Hydrochemistry Author: Shamim Ahmed, Khondaker Emamul Haque, S. M. Shafiuzzaman, Md. Moniruzzaman, Mst. Shamima Yeasmin, Most. Rajia Sultana, & Md. Shajedul Islam Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1223 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 22/06/2026 Date of Publication: 28/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1223.pdf Free download: Available Page: 416-435 First Page: 416 Last Page: 435 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Ahmed, S., Haque, K. E., Shafiuzzaman, S. M., Moniruzzaman, M., Yeasmin, M. S., Sultana, M. R., & Islam, M. S. (2026). Recharge and Pollution Vulnerability Under Contrasting Geological Settings in North-western Bangladesh: Evidence from Stable Isotopes and Hydrochemistry, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 416-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1223   About Author (s) Shamim Ahmed, Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-1780 Khondaker Emamul Haque (Corresponding Author), Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh. S. M. Shafiuzzaman, Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh. Md. Moniruzzaman, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Mst. Shamima Yeasmin, Bangladesh Water Development Board, Green Road, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Most. Rajia Sultana, Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbagicha, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Md. Shajedul Islam, Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi College, National University, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-5674   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1223 --- ## Community-Based Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development: A Study of Kuakata, Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9041 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-27 Community-Based Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development: A Study of Kuakata, Bangladesh Author (s) Md Mahfuzur Rahman Abstract This study investigates Community-Based Tourism (CBT) as a strategic instrument for sustainable development in Kuakata, a coastal destination in Bangladesh renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative survey data collected from 150 local residents with qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted with 25 stakeholders, including hoteliers, local business owners, and community members. The findings reveal that CBT is predominantly perceived as a positive force for strengthening local economic growth, creating employment opportunities, promoting cultural exchange, and enhancing community pride. However, the study also identifies significant obstacles constraining CBT’s full potential, including limited financial resources, inadequate infrastructure, insufficient training programs, poor sanitation facilities, environmental pressures, and low levels of community participation in tourism planning and governance. The research proposes a strategic framework emphasizing enhanced governance mechanisms, policy support and integrated planning, infrastructure development, environmental awareness initiatives, capacity building, and community empowerment. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, tourism stakeholders, and local communities seeking to develop sustainable CBT models in coastal destinations. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of CBT implementation in developing country contexts while providing practical recommendations for fostering inclusive and sustainable tourism development in Kuakata and similar coastal regions. Key words: Community-Based Tourism, Sustainable Development, Cultural Exchange, Economic Growth, Environmental Pressure, Community Participation, Governance, Kuakata. Download PDF Title: Community-Based Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development: A Study of Kuakata, Bangladesh Author: Md Mahfuzur Rahman Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1222 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 22/06/2026 Date of Publication: 27/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1222.pdf Free download: Available Page: 389-415 First Page: 389 Last Page: 415 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Rahman, M.M. (2026). Community-Based Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development: A Study of Kuakata, Bangladesh, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 389-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1222 About Author (s) Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Lecturer, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2905-6825   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1222 --- ## Mapping Current Trends and Future Directions of Blockchain Traceability in Organic Agriculture URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9038 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-26 Mapping Current Trends and Future Directions of Blockchain Traceability in Organic Agriculture Author (s) Rifka Atmajaya, Mohamad Harisudin, & Putriesti Mandasari Abstract The abstract of the article. Data integrity and product traceability are essential for ensuring authenticity, transparency, and accountability in organic supply chains. Blockchain technology has increasingly been proposed as a promising solution for strengthening trust through decentralized ledgers, smart contracts, and tamper-evident audit trails. This study maps the current trends, thematic focus areas, and research gaps in blockchain traceability for organic agriculture through a PRISMA 2020-guided systematic literature review. A corpus of 31 peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers was analyzed using thematic synthesis and bibliometric mapping with VOSviewer. The findings indicate a marked increase in publications after 2020, with research largely centered on permissioned consortium architectures that seek to balance transparency, privacy, and performance through smart contracts, IoT integration, and hybrid on-chain/off-chain storage models. The existing literature is dominated by technical proofs of concept and small-scale prototype studies, with most applications focusing on upstream and midstream supply chain activities and key agricultural commodities. Significant gaps remain in end-to-end data standardization, interoperability, and the reliability of data capture systems in low-connectivity rural settings. The review highlights the need for future research on interoperable frameworks, privacy-preserving and scalable system designs, human-centered solutions for low-literacy users, and stronger alignment between digital traceability systems and regulatory or certification requirements. Overall, this study provides a clearer understanding of current developments and offers future directions for advancing blockchain traceability in organic agriculture. Key words: Blockchain, Organic agriculture, Product traceability, Systematic literature review, Data integrity. Download PDF Title: Mapping Current Trends and Future Directions of Blockchain Traceability in Organic Agriculture Author: Rifka Atmajaya, Mohamad Harisudin, & Putriesti Mandasari Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1221 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 24/06/2026 Date of Publication: 26/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1221.pdf Free download: Available Page: 372-388 First Page: 372 Last Page: 388 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Atmajaya, R., Harisudin, M., & Mandasari, P. (2026). Mapping Current Trends and Future Directions of Blockchain Traceability in Organic Agriculture, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 372-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1221 About Author (s) Rifka Atmajaya , Master Program in Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7464-3885 Mohamad Harisudin (Corresponding Author), Master Program in Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia; Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9027-8986 Putriesti Mandasari , Master Program in Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia; Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8388-5134   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1221 --- ## The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Engagement and Productivity: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Synthesis URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9035 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-26 The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Engagement and Productivity: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Synthesis Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Oyoo Samson Otukene, Joshua Mwesigye, & Geoffrey Kasozi Abstract The shift to remote working has been one of the biggest organizational changes in recent history, and the COVID-19 pandemic has driven the adoption of this approach in many industries. However, there is no current empirical evidence to confirm the impact of remote work on employee engagement and productivity, especially in sub-Saharan African settings which have been largely absent in the literature. This systematic review aims to review the evidence of the effect of remote work on engagement and productivity in the organizational context from empirical studies, theories, and international evidence with a particular focus on Zambia and the wider Sub-Saharan Africa context. Using a combination of Self-Determination Theory and Job Demands-Resources Theory, the review highlights the importance of meeting autonomy needs and maintaining relatedness through intentional communication practices in order to improve engagement when working remotely. Productivity results depend on role clarity, quality of supervisory feedback and availability of technological resources. Organizational and personal factors, such as management practices, job attributes and home environment, are found to be important moderators. The review highlights the significant knowledge gaps in studying remote work in Zambia, outlines evidence-informed recommendations to human resource practitioners, and presents a broad empirical research agenda for primary study in the future. This research adds to the theoretical and practical knowledge of the remote work dynamics in underrepresented geographic and cultural areas. Key words: Remote Work, Employee Engagement, Productivity, Self-Determination Theory, Job Demands-Resources Theory, Sub-Saharan Africa, Hybrid Work. Download PDF Title: The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Engagement and Productivity: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Synthesis Author: Richard Wemesa, Oyoo Samson Otukene, Joshua Mwesigye, & Geoffrey Kasozi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1220 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 24/06/2026 Date of Publication: 26/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1220.pdf Free download: Available Page: 352-371 First Page: 352 Last Page: 371 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Otukene, O. S., Mwesigye, J., & Kasozi, G. (2026). The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Engagement and Productivity: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Synthesis, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 352-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1220 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda;  Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Oyoo Samson Otukene, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5493-1261 Joshua Mwesigye, Faculty of Engineering Design and Technology, Department of Computing and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-0516 Geoffrey Kasozi, School of Business, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, Mukono, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-9635   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1220 --- ## Skill Mismatch among ICT Graduates in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Graduate Survey URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9028 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-24 Skill Mismatch among ICT Graduates in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Graduate Survey Author (s) Md. Maksudul Alam Abstract This article examines reported skill mismatch among ICT-related graduates in Bangladesh using a cleaned graduate survey of 400 respondents. The study treats mismatch not simply as unemployment or individual deficiency, but as a transition problem in converting academic ICT learning into practical, employer-recognised capability. Descriptive statistics, bivariate association tests, and binary logistic regression with robust standard errors are used. The descriptive evidence shows that 82.5 percent of respondents were classified as experiencing skill mismatch, while 40.5 percent were employed. Training after graduation and academic-period work experience are associated with lower mismatch rates in bivariate analysis, but they are not statistically significant in the full complete-case logit model. Years since passing is negatively associated with mismatch, suggesting labour-market adjustment over time. Job-market knowledge is positively associated with reported mismatch, indicating that awareness of employer expectations may increase recognition of skill gaps rather than directly create mismatch. The findings should be interpreted as associational because the data are cross-sectional and based on survey classification. The article recommends stronger project-based learning, structured internships, portfolio evidence, graduate tracking, and employer engagement in ICT curricula and training. Key words: Skill Mismatch, Graduate Employability, ICT Graduates, Education-to-Employment Transition, Bangladesh, Logistic Regression. Download PDF Title: Skill Mismatch among ICT Graduates in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Graduate Survey Author: Md. Maksudul Alam Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1218 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 18/06/2026 Date of Publication: 24/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1218.pdf Free download: Available Page: 313-327 First Page: 313 Last Page: 327 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Alam, M. M. (2026). Skill Mismatch among ICT Graduates in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Graduate Survey, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 313-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1218 About Author (s) Md. Maksudul Alam, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Govt. Shah Sultan College, Bogura; PhD Fellow, Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0599-7700   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1218 --- ## Bangladesh’s HSC-Level ICT Curriculum and Labour Market Skill Mismatch: Evidence, Implementation Gaps, and a Reform Roadmap URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9031 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-24 Bangladesh’s HSC-Level ICT Curriculum and Labour Market Skill Mismatch: Evidence, Implementation Gaps, and a Reform Roadmap Author (s) Md. Maksudul Alam Abstract Since the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) level, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been introduced as a compulsory subject in the educational curriculum of Bangladesh to expand the digital literacies of students and equip them for further studies, jobs and a technology-driven economy. The outcomes of the policy are mixed and there is a clear public value. The ICT syllabus is common across science, humanities and business studies but the students’ academic pathways and needs for skills may vary. This article explores the gap between the HSC ICT curriculum and skill demand in the labour market in Bangladesh. It is based on the official HSC textbook, teacher survey responses (70 valid responses), focus group discussions with students, key informant input, analysis of job advertisements, policy documents and secondary literature. The mismatch does not appear to be due to the textbook alone, from the analysis. It is influenced by low levels of practical delivery, access to practical laboratory facilities, narrow bandwidth of the internet, high class size, inadequate teacher preparation and little feedback from the labour market in curriculum design. The article suggests a new model that will have a common digital-literacy module for all students, group specific applied modules for students, practical assessment, teacher support and a shared upazila-level ICT skill lab. The main argument is that ICT should continue to be compulsory but not primarily as an examination subject but as a practical ability. Key words: HSC ICT Curriculum, Bangladesh, Labour Market, Skill Mismatch, Digital Literacy, Employability, Blended Learning, Curriculum Reform, Secondary Education. Download PDF Title: Bangladesh’s HSC-Level ICT Curriculum and Labour Market Skill Mismatch: Evidence, Implementation Gaps, and a Reform Roadmap Author: Md. Maksudul Alam Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1219 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 18/06/2026 Date of Publication: 24/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1219.pdf Free download: Available Page: 328-351 First Page: 328 Last Page: 351 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Alam, M. M. (2026). Bangladesh’s HSC-Level ICT Curriculum and Labour Market Skill Mismatch: Evidence, Implementation Gaps, and a Reform Roadmap, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 328-351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1219 About Author (s) Md. Maksudul Alam, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Govt. Shah Sultan College, Bogura; PhD Fellow, Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0599-7700   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1219 --- ## Assessing the Feasibility of a Human-Centred Bicycle Ride-Sharing System to Reduce Urban Traffic Congestion in Freetown, Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-52-issue-1/9025 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-23 Assessing the Feasibility of a Human-Centred Bicycle Ride-Sharing System to Reduce Urban Traffic Congestion in Freetown, Sierra Leone  Author (s) Paul Conteh, Mohamed Thoronka, Adamsay Turay, & Julius Laggah Abstract In Sierra Leone, particularly in the capital city of Freetown, the problems associated with congestion, pollution, and ineffective mobility are severe. Freetown’s dependence on unregulated motorised vehicles, minibuses known locally as poda-podas and motorcycle taxis known as okadas, produces persistent traffic congestion, elevated carbon emissions, and pronounced accessibility inequalities, especially among women, students, and economically disadvantaged populations. This paper examines the feasibility of a bicycle ride-sharing service as a sustainable urban mobility intervention, employing a human-centred mixed-methods design that incorporates commuter surveys (n = 150), stakeholder interviews (n = 15), direct field observations, traffic flow analysis, and agile prototyping of a system concept. The investigation examined commuter behaviour, local attitudes toward cycling, smartphone penetration, infrastructural barriers, and user readiness. A mobile application prototype was designed and tested, enabling commuters to coordinate rides via smartphone and USSD, with offline functionality and GPS-based navigation. Survey findings indicate strong resident demand for ride-sharing services (81%), high smartphone ownership (88%), and road safety as the principal deterrent to cycling adoption (69%). Traffic observation confirmed that cyclists account for fewer than 3% of peak-hour traffic, indicating a substantial supply-side gap. An ordinary least squares regression analysis identifies perceived safety, digital readiness, and affordability perception as the strongest predictors of adoption intention. Nine theoretically grounded hypotheses are developed sequentially from the literature, each mapped explicitly to one of four research questions, to guide future empirical testing. The paper concludes with theoretical implications, managerial and policy applications, and a phased implementation framework applicable to Freetown and comparable cities in Anglophone West Africa. Keywords: Bicycle ride-sharing, Human-centred design, urban mobility, Sierra Leone; Non-motorised transport, Traffic congestion, Mobile application, West Africa, Sustainable transport, Shared micro-mobility. Download PDF Title: Assessing the Feasibility of a Human-Centred Bicycle Ride-Sharing System to Reduce Urban Traffic Congestion in Freetown, Sierra Leone Author: Paul Conteh, Mohamed Thoronka, Adamsay Turay, & Julius Laggah Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2692 Media: Online Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 17/06/2026 Date of Publication: 23/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2692.pdf Free download: Available Page: 119-138 First Page: 119 Last Page: 138 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Conteh, P., Thoronka, M., Turay, A. & Laggah, J. (2026). Assessing the Feasibility of a Human-Centred Bicycle Ride-Sharing System to Reduce Urban Traffic Congestion in Freetown, Sierra Leone, International Journal of Science and Business, 52(1), 119-138. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2692 About Author (s) Paul Conteh (Corresponding Author), Nankai University, College of Software Engineering, Tianjin, China; MSc Software Engineering, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9834-1036 Mohamed Thoronka, Nankai University, College of Software Engineering, Tianjin, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7570-3964 Adamsay Turay, Nankai University, College of Software Engineering, Tianjin, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3813-5110 Julius Laggah, Nankai University, College of Software Engineering, Tianjin, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6984-2090   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2692 --- ## Online Advertising and Consumer Buying Behavior toward Green Cosmetics in Bangladesh: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/9022 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-23 Online Advertising and Consumer Buying Behavior toward Green Cosmetics in Bangladesh: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior  Author (s) Md. Zakir Hossain Abstract Environmental sustainability and growing health consciousness have increased consumer interest in green cosmetic products across the world. At the same time, online advertising and influencer marketing are significantly shaping consumers’ purchase decisions in the digital era. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing consumer-buying behavior toward green cosmetics has become essential. This study aims to examine the impact of online advertising on consumer buying behavior toward green cosmetics in Bangladesh by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior. Based on previous studies and theoretical support, five variables were selected for investigation. Data were collected from 434 respondents through a self-administered online questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. A pilot survey involving 30 respondents was conducted to ensure the reliability and clarity of the questionnaire. The study employed a five-point Likert scale consisting of 30 items under six constructs. The reliability, descriptive, correlation and regression analyses were performed using SPSS to examine the relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that attitude toward green cosmetics, online ad informativeness and influencer endorsement significantly influence consumer buying behavior toward green cosmetics. In contrast, online ad credibility and perceived affordability were found to have no significant impact on consumer buying behavior. The insights gained from this study will enable the marketers, cosmetic producers and policymakers to better comprehend consumer behavior and develop robust digital marketing strategies for promoting sustainable cosmetics in Bangladesh. Keywords: Green Cosmetics, Online Advertising, Sustainable Consumption, Influencer   Endorsement, Consumer Buying Behavior. Download PDF Title: Online Advertising and Consumer Buying Behavior toward Green Cosmetics in Bangladesh: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior Author: Md. Zakir Hossain Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5020 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 16/06/2026 Date of Publication: 23/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5020.pdf Free download: Available Page: 159-181 First Page: 159 Last Page: 181 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Hossain, M. Z. (2026). Online Advertising and Consumer Buying Behavior toward Green Cosmetics in Bangladesh: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 159-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5020 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5020.pdf About Author (s) Md. Zakir Hossain , Professor, Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Faculty of Business Administration, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8074-1307   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5020 --- ## AI-Driven Proactive Access Control for Urban 5G Radio Access Networks URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9017 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-22 AI-Driven Proactive Access Control for Urban 5G Radio Access Networks Author (s) Mabel Ernestine Cole, Saio Alusine Marrah, Karl Mark Arhin, Selorm K. Dzokoto, Gibrilla Deen Kamara, & Mutota Simion Mutota Abstract Urban 5G Radio Access Networks (RANs) are increasingly challenged by highly dynamic access demand driven by dense populations, large-scale events, and commuter mobility patterns. Conventional reactive Access Class Barring (ACB) mechanisms respond only after congestion occurs, leading to elevated random-access collisions, excessive access delays, and degraded connection success rates during traffic surges. To address these limitations, this paper proposes AI-PAC, a proactive, AI-driven access control framework that predicts short-term access pressure and dynamically actuates ACB parameters before congestion manifests. AI-PAC integrates multi-source urban mobility and network telemetry with a short-horizon Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast random access load at the cell level with 13-15% lower RMSE compared to statistical baselines. Based on these predictions, the framework proactively adjusts ACB barring factors within predefined safety constraints to balance access efficiency, reliability, and fairness. The proposed system is evaluated using a realistic urban dataset derived from the Milano Grid, under representative high-stress scenarios including stadium events and commuter corridors, using a detailed 5G NR RACH simulation model aligned with 3GPP specifications. Performance is benchmarked against traditional reactive ACB and no-control baselines using key metrics. Experimental results demonstrate that AI-PAC consistently reduces PRACH collisions by 30% compared to reactive schemes, improves 95th-percentile access delay by 34% (from 285ms to 187ms), and enhances RRC setup success rates by 7.3 percentage points under heavy traffic loads, while maintaining high fairness (Jain’s index of 0.94) across cells. An ablation study identifies the 10-minute prediction horizon as optimal, balancing forecast accuracy with actuation latency. The findings confirm that predictive, AI-enabled access control significantly improves network resilience and user experience in dense urban environments. This work highlights the practical feasibility of proactive congestion management in 5G RANs and provides a foundation for future extensions toward autonomous and 6G-ready access control architectures. Key words: AI-Driven, Proactive Access Control, Urban 5G, Radio Access Networks, Milano Grid. Download PDF Title: AI-Driven Proactive Access Control for Urban 5G Radio Access Networks Author: Mabel Ernestine Cole, Saio Alusine Marrah, Karl Mark Arhin, Selorm K. Dzokoto, Gibrilla Deen Kamara, & Mutota Simion Mutota Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1217 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 17/06/2026 Date of Publication: 22/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1217.pdf Free download: Available Page: 290-312 First Page: 290 Last Page: 312 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Fathurrohman. Rahayu, E. S., & Marwanti, S. (2026). Blue Ocean Strategy and Smallholder Tea Value Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Batang Regency, Indonesia, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 274-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1217   About Author (s) Mabel Ernestine Cole, Information and Communication Engineering at the School of Electronics Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China;  Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1956-4474 Saio Alusine Marrah (Corresponding Author), Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Freetown, Sierra Leone;  School of Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4727-2480 Karl Mark Arhin, Political Science Department, KAAF University, Ghana. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4362-5800 Selorm K. Dzokoto, School of Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1230-0414 Gibrilla Deen Kamara, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Freetown, Sierra Leone;  School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1732-6407 Mutota Simion Mutota, School of Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3936-0246   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1217 --- ## AI Driven for Incoming Students Field Recommendation in Rwanda Polytechnic URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9002 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-21 AI Driven for Incoming Students Field Recommendation in Rwanda Polytechnic Author (s) Ntambara Etienne, Uwineza Joseph, Nkurunziza Egide, & Ingabire Daria Abstract This paper presents a machine learning-based recommendation system to optimize field placement for first-year learners entering Rwanda Polytechnic (RP) from both general education (REB) and Technical Secondary School (TSS) backgrounds. The study addresses the challenge of admitting students to technical programs that align with their academic performance to minimize dropout rates and module retake rates. Using a dataset of 399 admission records from two of eight RP colleges for the academic years 2024-2025 and 2025-2026, we examined 128 independent features (Board features: 2, Combination features: 22, Subject features: 104) derived from national examinations to predict the optimal field placement across 13 technical fields, including Information Technology, Civil Engineering, Quantity Surveying, and Irrigation and Drainage Technology. Three machine learning models were trained and tested, where an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with 27,758 trainable parameters achieved 94.36% training accuracy and 94% testing accuracy, demonstrating a balanced fit and strong generalization performance. Entrepreneurship, applied technical courses, and language and communication subjects were identified as the most predictive features of student achievement across technical fields. The model identifies the most suitable fields for students and presents those who are likely to succeed in their admitted field. This research introduces a data-oriented methodology to enhance the admissions process, supporting students and academic advisors in making informed decisions. By promoting high-quality, skill-oriented education, it contributes to RP’s mission of strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Rwanda. Key words: AI-driven field recommendation, Student placement, Explainable machine learning, Rwanda Polytechnic, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), Educational recommender system, Data-driven decision making. Download PDF Title: AI Driven for Incoming Students Field Recommendation in Rwanda Polytechnic Author: Ntambara Etienne, Uwineza Joseph, Nkurunziza Egide, & Ingabire Daria Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1215 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 15/06/2026 Date of Publication: 19/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1215.pdf Free download: Available Page: 258-273 First Page: 258 Last Page: 273 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Ntambara, E., Uwineza, J., Nkurunziza, E., & Ingabire, D. (2026). AI driven for incoming students field recommendation in Rwanda Polytechnic, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 258-273.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1215   About Author (s) Ntambara Etienne (Corresponding Author), ICT Department, Rwanda Polytechnic Huye College, Huye, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4071-8300 Uwineza Joseph, ICT Department, Rwanda Polytechnic Musanze College, Musanze, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3941-2522 Nkurunziza Egide, ICT Department, Rwanda Polytechnic Huye College, Huye, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0977-3156 Ingabire Daria, ICT Department, Rwanda Polytechnic Huye College, Huye, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6333-4030   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1215 --- ## Blue Ocean Strategy and Smallholder Tea Value Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Batang Regency, Indonesia URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/9010 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-21 Blue Ocean Strategy and Smallholder Tea Value Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Batang Regency, Indonesia Author (s) Fathurrohman, Endang Siti Rahayu, & Sri Marwanti Abstract Smallholder tea farmers in Batang Regency receive only Rp1,600 (~USD 0.0894)–2,000/kg for wet tea shoots against a viable production cost of Rp3,050 (~USD 0.1704)/kg, confined to raw material roles within the Nucleus Estate Smallholder (PIR) scheme. Yet farmers who have exited this system already achieve Rp75,000 (~USD 4.19)/kg through artisan direct trade, a 44-fold premium that signals the scale of untapped value innovation available. This study aims to identify value innovation opportunities for Batang smallholder tea farmers through Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) formulation. Using a qualitative approach, the study integrates in-depth interviews with 10 key informants (thematic coding), a strategy canvas perception questionnaire mapping competitive positioning of PR against PBN and PBS across eight competition factors, and the Eliminate–Reduce–Raise–Create (ERRC) framework. The strategy canvas reveals PR scores lowest on all eight factors (grand average 2.25 vs PBN 3.18 and PBS 3.35), with the largest gap in branding and product identity, precisely the dimension where PR’s high-altitude “sweet honey” terroir, equivalent to Rp300,000 (~USD 16.8)/kg reference products, gives it an unreplicable advantage. The ERRC formulation translates this into a value innovation resting on three pillars, namely authentic terroir-based product identity anchored by a collective brand and Geographical Indication, new distribution channels bypassing middlemen through direct trade and digital platforms, and untapped consumer segments no competitor currently serves. Value innovation for Batang smallholder tea is empirically accessible, not merely theoretical, with collective cooperative formation as the critical enabling condition. Key words: Blue Ocean Strategy, Smallholder tea plantation, Value innovation, Strategy canvas, ERRC framework, Batang Regency. Download PDF Title: Blue Ocean Strategy and Smallholder Tea Value Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Batang Regency, Indonesia Author: Fathurrohman, Endang Siti Rahayu, & Sri Marwanti Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1216 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 15/06/2026 Date of Publication: 21/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1216.pdf Free download: Available Page: 274-289 First Page: 274 Last Page: 289 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Fathurrohman. Rahayu, E. S., & Marwanti, S. (2026). Blue Ocean Strategy and Smallholder Tea Value Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Batang Regency, Indonesia, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 274-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1216   About Author (s) Fathurrohman (Corresponding Author), Master’s Study Program in Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9016-5039 Endang Siti Rahayu, Master’s Study Program in Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4967-0780 Sri Marwanti, Master’s Study Program in Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2741-9656   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1216 --- ## Foundations of Regulation: Theoretical Lenses Shaping Uganda’s Mineral Sector Governance URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8998 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-19 Foundations of Regulation: Theoretical Lenses Shaping Uganda’s Mineral Sector Governance Author (s) Mary Flavia Nakamatte, Richard Wemesa, Keith Busingye, & Alex Madolo Abstract Uganda’s mineral sector represents a strategic pillar for economic development, yet its governance raises complex legal and policy questions surrounding environmental integrity, equity, and sustainability. This article explores the foundational theoretical frameworks that underpin the regulation of Uganda’s mineral sector, interrogating the normative and jurisprudential theories that inform and influence the crafting, interpretation, and enforcement of Uganda’s mining and environmental laws. Through a comprehensive analysis of sustainable development, environmental justice, legal pluralism, regulatory theory, and natural resource governance, the paper offers critical insights into how theory guides regulatory practice and how reconciling competing imperatives of economic growth, environmental protection, and social justice can be achieved through a robust theoretical lens. The analysis reveals significant implementation gaps between Uganda’s progressive legal frameworks and on-the-ground regulatory practices, particularly regarding community participation, benefit-sharing, and environmental protection. The article concludes that effective mineral governance requires an integrated framework grounded in accountability, inclusiveness, equity, and sustainability, with specific recommendations for strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing transparency, and recognizing plural legal systems. Key words: Mineral governance, regulatory theory, environmental justice, legal pluralism, sustainable development, natural resource governance, Uganda, extractive industries, resource curse, regulatory capture. Download PDF Title: Foundations of Regulation: Theoretical Lenses Shaping Uganda’s Mineral Sector Governance Author: Mary Flavia Nakamatte, Richard Wemesa, Keith Busingye, & Alex Madolo Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1214 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 14/06/2026 Date of Publication: 18/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1214.pdf Free download: Available Page: 235-257 First Page: 235 Last Page: 257 Paper Type: Doctrinal Legal Research Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Nakamatte, M. F., Wemesa, R., Busingye, K., Madolo, A. (2026). Foundations of Regulation: Theoretical Lenses Shaping Uganda’s Mineral Sector Governance. Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 235-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1214 About Author (s) Mary Flavia Nakamatte (Corresponding Author), Department of Law and Jurisprudence & Public and Comparative Law, School of Law and Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. Richard Wemesa, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Keith Busingye, Department of Law and Jurisprudence & Public and Comparative Law, School of Law and Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487 Alex Madolo, Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1214 --- ## Standard Form Contracts and Consumer Protection in Uganda: A Critical Doctrinal Analysis of Legal Gaps, Judicial Approaches, and Reform Imperatives URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8995 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-14 Standard Form Contracts and Consumer Protection in Uganda: A Critical Doctrinal Analysis of Legal Gaps, Judicial Approaches, and Reform Imperatives Author (s) Allan Mufumbiro, Waliya Gwokyalya, Keith Busingye, & Richard Wemesa Abstract Standard Form Contracts (SFCs), commonly known as boilerplate contracts, are becoming increasingly prevalent in Uganda’s consumer markets, particularly in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, insurance, and e-commerce. These contracts are typically drafted unilaterally by service providers and presented to consumers on a “take it or leave it” basis, with little opportunity for negotiation. While they offer efficiency and uniformity in high-volume transactions, SFCs often raise significant legal concerns related to transparency, consent, and fairness. Many contain complex legal jargon, exclusion clauses, and other terms that limit consumer rights or impose harsh obligations, thereby undermining the principle of informed consent and creating a clear imbalance of bargaining power. This article provides a doctrinal critical legal analysis of the use and regulation of standard form contracts in Uganda. It examines the current legislative and regulatory frameworks, including but not limited to the Contracts Act, 2010; the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act, 2017; the Competition Act, 2013; common law; and case law. The paper highlights existing gaps in consumer protection laws under SFCs, including weak enforcement mechanisms, lack of judicial guidance on unfair terms, challenges to the doctrine of freedom of contract, legal fragmentation, and the absence of a comprehensive Consumer Protection Act. To strengthen consumer protection in Uganda, the article recommends specific legal reforms, including the enactment of dedicated consumer protection legislation, the introduction of fairness standards for contractual terms, improved public legal awareness, and enhanced regulatory oversight. The article concludes that meaningful legal reform and intervention are necessary to balance efficiency with fairness and to ensure justice for consumers in Uganda’s evolving market economy. Key words: Legal analysis, Standard form contracts, Consumer protection, Uganda, Unfair contract terms. Download PDF Title: Standard Form Contracts and Consumer Protection in Uganda: A Critical Doctrinal Analysis of Legal Gaps, Judicial Approaches, and Reform Imperatives Author: Allan Mufumbiro, Waliya Gwokyalya, Keith Busingye, & Richard Wemesa Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1213 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 12/06/2026 Date of Publication: 14/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1213.pdf Free download: Available Page: 207-234 First Page: 207 Last Page: 237 Paper Type: Doctrinal Legal Research Article Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Mufumbiro, A., Gwokyalya, W., Busingye, K. & Wemesa, R. (2026). Standard Form Contracts and Consumer Protection in Uganda: A Critical Doctrinal Analysis of Legal Gaps, Judicial Approaches, and Reform Imperatives, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 207-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1213 About Author (s) Allan Mufumbiro (Corresponding Author), Department of Commercial law, School of Law and Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5822-537X Waliya Gwokyalya, Department of Commercial law, School of Law and Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-0183 Keith Busingye, Department of Commercial law, School of Law and Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487 Richard Wemesa, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1213 --- ## Demonstrating the Causes of Handloom Industry Failure in Bangladesh: Evidence from Sirajganj District URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-52-issue-1/8992 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-14 Demonstrating the Causes of Handloom Industry Failure in Bangladesh: Evidence from Sirajganj District  Author (s) Md. Sabbir Hossain & Md. Motahar Hossain Abstract The Bangladesh handloom industry is an important element of rural employment, Bangladesh cultural heritage and economic sustainability. Although it is historically significant, the sector has been on a downslope trend more especially in the big weaving centers like the Sirajganj district. This paper will set out to determine and discuss the major factors that caused the handloom destruction in Sirajganj, Bangladesh. With the help of a quantitative research method, primary data were gathered regarding 200 handloom owners by administering them a structured questionnaire on the basis of a five-point Likert scale. The stratified random sampling was also utilized to cover major handloom clusters in a representative manner. The SPSS software was used to produce descriptive statistics, correlation, reliability test, and multiple regression analysis. According to the findings, high production cost ranks as the most important factor that destroys the industry with the scarcity of skilled labor coming next and seasonal demands, the unavailability of modern technology and unavailability of raw materials. From the empirical results, it can be seen that the proposed model has a moderate level of explanation of the dependent variable (R2 = 0.300). The results also illustrate that the inclusive model is statistically significant (p< 0.05), representing that the variables involved in the model greatly influence the failure of the handloom business. The conclusions can be of great use to policy-makers, development agencies and industry stakeholders, who have to develop specific interventions that can help to rejuvenate and sustain such economically and culturally valuable industry. Keywords: High Production Cost, Scarcity of skilled labor, Seasonal Demand, Limited access of modern Technology, Lack of raw Materials, Handloom Industry. Download PDF Title: Demonstrating the Causes of Handloom Industry Failure in Bangladesh: Evidence from Sirajganj District Author: Md. Sabbir Hossain & Md. Motahar Hossain Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2691 Media: Online Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 12/06/2026 Date of Publication: 14/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2691.pdf Free download: Available Page: 102-118 First Page: 102 Last Page: 118 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Hossain, M. S. & Hossain, M. M. (2026). Demonstrating the Causes of Handloom Industry Failure in Bangladesh: Evidence from Sirajganj District, International Journal of Science and Business, 52(1), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2691 About Author (s) Md. Sabbir Hossain (Corresponding Author), Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2709-7867 Md. Motahar Hossain, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-6388   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2691 --- ## Feed Fermentation Technology and Role of Microbial Strains: A Review URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8988 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-14 Feed Fermentation Technology and Role of Microbial Strains: A Review Author (s) Olifan Bekele Gedefa, Usman Abdullahi, Mengistu Kefale Getahun, & Weynishet Demsie Aklog Abstract Global demand for animal protein is projected to exceed 30% of agricultural output by 2050, placing unprecedented pressure on feed resources. While conventional feed processing methods improve hygiene and palatability, they can inadvertently reduce nutrient bioavailability and generate anti‑nutritional factors. Microbial fermentation offers a low‑cost, eco‑friendly alternative that addresses these limitations. This narrative review examines feed fermentation technology and the decisive role of microbial strains in enhancing feed quality for livestock and aquaculture. Three primary fermentation platforms are discussed: solid‑state fermentation, submerged fermentation, and two‑stage/hybrid systems, along with critical process parameters including temperature, pH, moisture, aeration, inoculum size, and fermentation time. The selection of microbial strains is identified as the “soul” of fermentation. We review the functional roles of bacterial, yeast, and fungal strains, as well as the synergistic benefits of multi‑strain consortia including bacterial–fungal and yeast–bacterial co‑cultures. The influences of fermented feed on aquaculture are analysed across four domains: feed efficiency (improved feed conversion ratio and protein digestibility), immune function (activation of phagocytic cells and cytokine upregulation), gut health (increased villus height and mucosal barrier integrity), and product quality (enhanced pigmentation and shelf life). We conclude that feed fermentation technology represents a transformative strategy aligning with circular bio‑economy principles, and we identify emerging trends including precision fermentation, CRISPR‑based strain improvement, and integration with insect‑based protein production. Key words: Feed fermentation, Solid-state fermentation (SSF), Microbial strains, Aquaculture, Gut health, Immunostimulant, Single-cell protein. Download PDF Title: Feed Fermentation Technology and Role of Microbial Strains: A Review Author: Olifan Bekele Gedefa, Usman Abdullahi, Mengistu Kefale Getahun, & Weynishet Demsie Aklog Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1212 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 11/06/2026 Date of Publication: 14/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1212.pdf Free download: Available Page: 189-206 First Page: 189 Last Page: 206 Paper Type: Narrative Review Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Gedefa, O. B., Abdullahi, U., Getahun, M. K., & Aklog, W. D. (2026). Feed Fermentation Technology and Role of Microbial Strains: A Review, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 189-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1212 About Author (s) Olifan Bekele Gedefa (Corresponding author),  Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China; Alage ATVET College, Oromia, Ethiopia; Labor and Skill Ministry of Ethiopia, Ethiopia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3071-1843 Usman Abdullahi, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China; Environmental Health Council of Nigeria (EHCON), Kaduna state liaison office, Nigeria. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8493-2077 Mengistu Kefale Getahun, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China. Weynishet Demsie Aklog, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1212 --- ## Applied Credit Collection Policies and Loan Portfolio Performance in a Ugandan Commercial Bank: A Mixed‑Methods Study of DFCU Bank URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-52-issue-1/8985 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-14 Applied Credit Collection Policies and Loan Portfolio Performance in a Ugandan Commercial Bank: A Mixed‑Methods Study of DFCU Bank  Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Sabiiti Mulema, Christopher Wagima, & Ivan Bakaki Abstract This study investigated the relationship between credit collection policies and loan portfolio performance at DFCU Bank in Uganda. The research was motivated by persistent non performing loans and recovery challenges despite the bank’s established credit risk management frameworks. A cross sectional survey design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population comprised 140 staff across 15 DFCU branches in Kampala, from which a sample of 103 respondents was selected using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table. Purposive sampling was used for management and supervisory staff, while simple random sampling was applied to junior employees. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Qualitative data from interviews were analysed thematically. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between credit collection policies and loan portfolio performance (r = .312, p = .003). Regression analysis showed that credit collection policies explained 9.7% of the variance in loan portfolio performance, with a significant unstandardised coefficient (β = .298, p = .002). Qualitative findings corroborated that SMS reminders, collateral tracking, file monitoring, and stringent default conditions were effectively implemented. The study concludes that robust credit collection policies enhance loan portfolio performance by reducing default rates and improving recovery efficiency. Theoretically, the study extends Agency Theory and Modern Portfolio Theory to loan collection in emerging markets. Practically, the study recommends that DFCU Bank strengthen borrower evaluation by assessing long term business plans, prevailing economic conditions, and historical repayment behaviour. Further research should examine the moderating role of borrower characteristics and extend the analysis to other commercial banks in Uganda. Keywords: Credit collection policies, Loan portfolio performance, DFCU Bank, Non performing loans, Uganda. Download PDF Title: Applied Credit Collection Policies and Loan Portfolio Performance in a Ugandan Commercial Bank: A Mixed‑Methods Study of DFCU Bank Author: Richard Wemesa, Sabiiti Mulema, Christopher Wagima, & Ivan Bakaki Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2690 Media: Online Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 12/06/2026 Date of Publication: 14/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2690.pdf Free download: Available Page: 85-101 First Page: 85 Last Page: 101 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Mulema, S., Wagima, C., & Bakaki, I. (2026). Applied Credit Collection Policies and Loan Portfolio Performance in a Ugandan Commercial Bank: A Mixed‑Methods Study of DFCU Bank, International Journal of Science and Business, 52(1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2690 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, The Uganda institute of banking and financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Sabiiti Mulema, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. Christopher Wagima, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9206-5922 Ivan Bakaki, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2690 --- ## Examining the Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Organisational Performance: The Mediating Role of Data Capabilities and Digital Skills Among Banking Institutions in Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-52-issue-1/8982 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-13 Examining the Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Organisational Performance: The Mediating Role of Data Capabilities and Digital Skills Among Banking Institutions in Sierra Leone  Author (s) David Kamara, Alfred Mansaray, Emmanuel Josiah, Stephen Karando Mansaray, Mohamed Vandy, & Steven Gbongbor Mansaray Abstract This study examines the impact of adopting artificial intelligence on organisational performance among banking institutions in Sierra Leone, with attention to the mediating roles of data capabilities and digital skills. Grounded in the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and the Technology-Organisation-Environment Framework, a quantitative design was employed, using a structured questionnaire administered to 216 respondents across 14 commercial banks. Structural equation modelling results indicate that AI adoption has a positive direct effect on organisational performance (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), as well as positive effects on data capabilities (β = 0.58, p < 0.001) and digital skills (β = 0.52, p < 0.001). Data capabilities (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and digital skills (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) positively affect performance. Mediation analysis reveals that data capabilities (indirect effect = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.34) and digital skills (indirect effect = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.27) partially mediate the relationship between AI performance and AI-performance. The model explains 52% of the variance in performance. The study provides empirical evidence from an under-researched context and emphasises the development of complementary capabilities to maximise AI investments. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence Adoption, Organisational Performance, Data Capabilities, Digital Skills, Banking Institutions, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Examining the Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Organisational Performance: The Mediating Role of Data Capabilities and Digital Skills Among Banking Institutions in Sierra Leone Author: David Kamara, Alfred Mansaray, Emmanuel Josiah, Stephen Karando Mansaray, Mohamed Vandy, & Steven Gbongbor Mansaray Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2689 Media: Online Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 05/06/2026 Date of Publication: 13/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2689.pdf Free download: Available Page: 63-84 First Page: 63 Last Page: 84 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Kamara, D., Mansaray, A., Josiah, E., Mansaray, S. K., Vandy, M., & Mansaray, S. G.(2026). Examining the Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Organisational Performance: The Mediating Role of Data Capabilities and Digital Skills Among Banking Institutions in Sierra Leone, International Journal of Science and Business, 52(1), 63-84. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2689   About Author (s) David Kamara (Corresponding Author), School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China; University of management and technology (UNINTECH), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7510-8811 Alfred Mansaray, School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), University of Electronics Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China; Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Sierra Leone. Emmanuel Josiah, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China; Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0033-4390 Stephen Karando Mansaray, University of Makeni (UNIMAK), Sierra Leone; Njala University, Sierra Leone. Mohamed Vandy, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China; University of Makeni (UNIMAK), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8062-2382 Steven Gbongbor Mansaray, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2689 --- ## From Rules to Virtues: Transforming Legal Ethics Education in Uganda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8978 Type: post Modified: 2026-06-05 From Rules to Virtues: Transforming Legal Ethics Education in Uganda Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Samson Maliisa, Keith Busingye, & Faustin Buteera Abstract Uganda’s legal profession suffers from pervasive unethical conduct despite the existence of the Advocates Act and the Advocates (Professional Conduct) Regulations. The Fourth National Integrity Report ranked the judiciary as the second most corrupt government institution, indicating that rule‑based frameworks alone are insufficient. This doctrinal study critically examines the historical evolution, philosophical foundations, and comparative models of legal ethics education in the United Kingdom, the United States, India, Hong Kong, Mexico, and South Africa. It diagnoses Uganda’s current rule‑centric pedagogy, which lacks dedicated ethics courses, applied ethical theories, experiential learning, and regulatory mandates. Four hypotheses are developed linking rule‑centric instruction to poor ethical internalisation, applied ethics to moral reasoning, experiential pedagogies to professional identity, and regulatory mandates to professional conduct. Findings confirm that Uganda’s legal training neglects normative theories, clinical education, simulations, and reflective practices. The paper proposes a comprehensive reform agenda: mandatory standalone ethics courses, applied ethicist involvement, clinical legal education, case method, simulations, reflective writing, strengthened accreditation standards, a mandatory ethics examination for bar admission, and enforced continuing professional development in ethics. These evidence‑based recommendations aim to restore public trust in Uganda’s justice system. The study makes three original contributions: it provides the first systematic doctrinal analysis of legal ethics education in Uganda, operationalises habitus theory within legal ethics pedagogy, and introduces a ‘tripartite regulatory deficit’ framework applicable to other developing Commonwealth jurisdictions. Key words: Legal ethics, legal education, Uganda, professional identity, applied ethics, doctrinal research. Download PDF Title: From Rules to Virtues: Transforming Legal Ethics Education in Uganda Author: Richard Wemesa, Samson Maliisa, Keith Busingye, & Faustin Buteera Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1211 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 02/06/2026 Date of Publication: 05/06/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1211.pdf Free download: Available Page: 174-188 First Page: 174 Last Page: 188 Paper Type: Policy focus Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Maliisa, S., Busingye, K., & Buteera, F. (2026). From Rules to Virtues: Transforming Legal Ethics Education in Uganda, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 174-188.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1211 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda;  Department of Economics, Powislanska Academy of Applied Sciences, Kwidzyn, Gdansk, Koscierzyna, Torun, Poland; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Samson Maliisa, School of Law and management sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala Uganda. Keith Busingye, School of Law and management sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487 Faustin Buteera, Department of Theology and Christian Ministry, Cornerstone University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7010-4014   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1211 --- ## Legal and Non-legal Drivers of Corporate Failure in Uganda’s Commercial Banking Industry URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8972 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-31 Legal and Non-legal Drivers of Corporate Failure in Uganda’s Commercial Banking Industry Author (s) Huraira Muzahura, Gwokyalya Waliya, Allan Mufumbiro, & Richard Wemesa Abstract This paper examines the statutory and extra-legal drivers of corporate failure in Uganda’s commercial banking industry using a doctrinal legal methodology. Analysing statutes, judicial decisions, and peer-reviewed scholarship (1976–2026) alongside World Bank and IMF reports, the study finds that bank collapses stem from weak regulatory enforcement, high lending rates, restricted credit, borrower financial illiteracy, and excessive concentration of loans and deposits. Integrating agency, stakeholder, and institutional theories, the study formulates testable propositions on governance failures, enforcement gaps, and ownership concentration. A comparative case analysis of Crane Bank, Global Trust Bank, and Mercantile Credit Bank reveals recurrent patterns of insider misconduct, delayed intervention, and inadequate resolution mechanisms. A cross‑country comparison of central bank enforcement powers (Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda) identifies legislative gaps, including the absence of administrative fining powers and a disqualified directors register. The study recommends strengthened regulation, enhanced risk management, expanded financial literacy, lending diversification, and greater competition. Limitations of the doctrinal method are acknowledged. Future research should empirically test the proposed propositions and extend comparative studies across East African Community member states. This research provides strategic guidance for policymakers and financial institutions seeking to build a more resilient banking system in a developing‑country context. Key words: Banking sector, corporate collapse, regulatory framework, financial stability, Uganda, agency theory, stakeholder theory, institutional theory. Download PDF Title: Legal and Non-legal Drivers of Corporate Failure in Uganda’s Commercial Banking Industry Author: Huraira Muzahura, Gwokyalya Waliya, Allan Mufumbiro, & Richard Wemesa Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1210 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 28/05/2026 Date of Publication: 30/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1210.pdf Free download: Available Page: 154-173 First Page: 154 Last Page: 173 Paper Type: Doctrinal Legal Study Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Muzahura, H., Waliya, G., Mufumbiro, A., & Wemesa, R. (2026). Legal and Non-legal Drivers of Corporate Failure in Uganda’s Commercial Banking Industry, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 154-173.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1210   About Author (s) Huraira Muzahura, School of Law and Management Science, King Ceasor University, Kampala Uganda. Gwokyalya Waliya, School of Law and Management Science, King Ceasor University, Kampala Uganda. Allan Mufumbiro, School of Law and Management Science, King Ceasor University, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5822-537X Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda;  Department of Economics, Powislanska Academy of Applied Sciences, Kwidzyn, Gdansk, Koscierzyna, Torun, Poland; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1210 --- ## The Backway: A Critical Analysis of Irregular Migration from West Africa to Europe URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8966 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-28 The Backway: A Critical Analysis of Irregular Migration from West Africa to Europe Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Faustin Buteera, Marharyta Ihorivna Dziuba, & Erjona Deshati Abstract Irregular migration from West Africa to Europe, known regionally as ‘the Backway’, represents one of the most consequential and lethal socio-economic phenomena of the contemporary era, yet dominant policy frameworks continue to treat it primarily as a law enforcement problem rather than a structural development issue. This study critically examines the structural drivers, enabling mechanisms, economic outcomes, and policy responses shaping undocumented migration among youth from The Gambia, Senegal, Guinea, and Mali, testing three hypotheses derived from the Aspirations-Capabilities framework, the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM), and the criminalisation paradox. Employing a systematic integrative literature review of secondary sources published between 2015 and 2025, the research synthesises findings from peer-reviewed scholarship, United Nations agency reports, World Bank datasets, and policy documents using thematic analysis across six predefined themes. Findings indicate that irregular migration functions as a rational household-level economic strategy in contexts where youth unemployment exceeds 60 percent, political repression persists, climate-driven agricultural shocks intensify, and legal migration channels remain virtually closed. Transnational smuggling networks have adapted into profit-driven operations capitalising on enforcement policies, thereby increasing migrant vulnerability and financial exploitation – a dynamic termed the criminalisation paradox. Remittances constitute approximately 25 percent of Gambian GDP, yet their development impact remains constrained by structural weaknesses, and European Union externalisation strategies demonstrably fail to address root causes while generating significant humanitarian costs. The study concludes that irregular migration from West Africa is not an irrational pathology but a predictable, structurally compelled response to entrenched exclusion and institutional failure, contributing an original conceptual model synthesising five theoretical frameworks and offering evidence-based policy recommendations including expanded legal migration pathways, development investments targeting structural drivers, and equitable regional governance partnerships. Key words: Irregular migration, West Africa, The Gambia, Backway, push-pull factors, remittances, smuggling networks, EU migration policy, Externalisation, aspirations-capabilities framework. Download PDF Title: The Backway: A Critical Analysis of Irregular Migration from West Africa to Europe Author: Richard Wemesa, Faustin Buteera, Marharyta Ihorivna Dziuba, & Erjona Deshati Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1209 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 24/05/2026 Date of Publication: 27/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1209.pdf Free download: Available Page: 138-153 First Page: 138 Last Page: 153 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Buteera, F., Dziuba, M. I., & Deshati, E. (2026). The Backway: A Critical Analysis of Irregular Migration from West Africa to Europe, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 138-153.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1209   About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda;  Department of Economics, Powislanska Academy of Applied Sciences, Kwidzyn, Gdansk, Koscierzyna, Torun, Poland; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Faustin Buteera, Department of Theology and Christian Ministry, Cornerstone University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7010-4014 Marharyta Ihorivna Dziuba, Department for international students, Khmelnytskyi National University, Instytuts’ka St, 11, Oblast Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-5532 Erjona Deshati, Faculty of Economy, Canadian Institute of Technology (CIT), Tirana, Albania. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-6384   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1209 --- ## Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Enhancing Urban Water Treatment Project Performance in South Sudan: A Case Study of SSUWC, Juba URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8963 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-26 Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Enhancing Urban Water Treatment Project Performance in South Sudan: A Case Study of SSUWC, Juba Author (s) Jacob Awan Majok & Lemi Peter Alex Abstract This study examined the role of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) practices in enhancing the performance of urban water treatment projects in South Sudan, focusing on the South Sudan Urban Water Corporation in Juba. A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional research design was adopted using a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 40 respondents, including technical staff, project officers, water treatment operators, quality assurance personnel, and senior management. Findings revealed that M&E practices are moderately implemented, with monitoring activities conducted regularly, contributing significantly to project tracking and operational management. M&E practices positively influence operational efficiency and service delivery by supporting timely decision-making, improving resource allocation, and enhancing water supply quality and reliability. Key challenges identified include inadequate funding, limited institutional capacity, insufficient staff training, poor data management systems, and weak stakeholder coordination. Inferential analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between M&E practices and project performance (r = 0.512, p = 0.003). The study concludes that effective M&E practices are essential for improving performance, efficiency, and sustainability of urban water treatment projects. Recommendations include increased M&E funding, enhanced staff training, adoption of digital data management systems, development of clear M&E guidelines, and stronger stakeholder engagement. Key words: Monitoring and Evaluation, Project Performance, Urban Water Treatment Projects, Operational Efficiency, Service Delivery, South Sudan Urban Water Corporation. Download PDF Title: Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Enhancing Urban Water Treatment Project Performance in South Sudan: A Case Study of SSUWC, Juba Author: Jacob Awan Majok & Lemi Peter Alex Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1208 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 23/05/2026 Date of Publication: 26/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1208.pdf Free download: Available Page: 112-137 First Page: 112 Last Page: 137 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Majok, J. A., & Alex, L. P. (2026). Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Enhancing Urban Water Treatment Project Performance in South Sudan: A Case Study of SSUWC, Juba, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 112-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1208   About Author (s) Jacob Awan Majok (Corresponding Author), University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6881-2817 Lemi Peter Alex, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1208 --- ## Trending Research Topics for 2026 by Field (AI, Business, Engineering, Healthcare & More) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/trending-research-topics-for-2026-by-field-ai-business-engineering-healthcare-more Type: page Modified: 2026-05-24 IJSAB International | Peer-Reviewed Academic Publisher Trending Research Topics for 2026 by Different Fields Published by IJSAB International | International Academic Publisher of Peer-Reviewed Research Articles Selecting the right research topic is often the first step in a researcher’s journey. At IJSAB International, we believe that every strong academic contribution begins with an idea—shaped by curiosity, refined through research, and strengthened through peer review. Below are trending research topics for 2026 across major disciplines. 1. Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Explainable AI (XAI) in decision-making systems AI in healthcare diagnosis and prediction Generative AI and large language models AI ethics and bias detection systems Human-AI collaboration models At IJSAB International, we publish high-quality peer-reviewed research articles that explore artificial intelligence, machine learning, and emerging technologies shaping the future of global innovation. 2. Business, Finance & Economics Digital transformation in business models Fintech innovation and blockchain finance Behavioral economics in decision-making Startup ecosystems and entrepreneurship Sustainable business practices IJSAB International is committed to publishing high-quality peer-reviewed research articles that connect business theory with real-world economic and financial challenges. 3. Engineering & Technology Smart cities and IoT systems Renewable energy engineering Robotics and automation systems Cybersecurity frameworks Advanced materials engineering 4. Healthcare & Biomedical Sciences AI-based disease diagnosis systems Telemedicine and digital health platforms Personalized medicine approaches Mental health technology solutions Public health data analytics At IJSAB International, research in healthcare is more than publication—it is impact. We publish high-quality peer-reviewed research articles that support innovation in medical science, digital health, and global public well-being. 5. Education & Learning Technologies AI-powered personalized learning systems Online and hybrid education models Learning analytics and student performance prediction Digital classroom innovations Gamification in education 6. Social Sciences & Humanities Social media impact on behavior Digital culture and communication studies Urbanization and social development Gender studies and equality research Migration and global society 7. Environment & Sustainability Climate change mitigation strategies Green energy technologies Sustainable agriculture systems Environmental policy and governance Carbon footprint reduction models Why Field-Based Topic Selection Matters Choosing a research topic within your field ensures stronger methodology, better literature support, and higher chances of publication and citation. At IJSAB International, we publish high-quality peer-reviewed research articles across multidisciplinary fields, supporting researchers worldwide in turning ideas into meaningful academic contributions that advance global knowledge. © 2026 IJSAB International | International Academic Publishing Platform --- ## How to Increase Citations of Your Research Paper URL: https://www.ijsab.com/how-to-increase-citations-of-your-research-paper Type: page Modified: 2026-05-24 IJSAB International | Peer-Reviewed Academic Publisher How to Increase Citations of Your Research Paper Published by IJSAB International | International Academic Publisher of Peer-Reviewed Research Articles Citations are one of the most important indicators of academic impact. A highly cited paper increases your visibility, reputation, and academic influence in the global research community. 1. Choose a Relevant and Trending Research Topic Papers on trending topics such as Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change, Business Innovation, Healthcare, and Data Science tend to receive more citations. IJSAB International publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles across high-impact and multidisciplinary research areas. 2. Write a Strong Title and Abstract Your title and abstract must include important keywords that researchers commonly search in Google Scholar and academic databases. A clear, keyword-rich abstract improves discoverability and citation potential. 3. Use Proper Keywords in Your Paper Include relevant academic keywords throughout your paper, especially in: Title Abstract Introduction Conclusion This improves indexing in Google Scholar and other academic databases. 4. Publish in Peer-Reviewed Journals Publishing in peer-reviewed journals increases trust, visibility, and citation potential. IJSAB International publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles that are designed for global academic visibility and impact. 5. Share Your Paper on Academic Platforms Google Scholar Profile ResearchGate Academia.edu ORCID Profile Sharing your research increases exposure and citation opportunities from other researchers. 6. Use Open Access Publishing Open access papers are freely available and more likely to be cited because researchers can access them without restrictions. 7. Build Academic Networking Collaborating with other researchers, attending conferences, and sharing work increases visibility and citations. 8. Reference Your Own Work (Ethically) Citing your previous related work in new research papers can increase citation count when done ethically and contextually. IJSAB International publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles and supports global academic visibility through open-access publishing and multidisciplinary research dissemination. © 2026 IJSAB International | International Academic Publishing Platform   --- ## How to Write a High-Quality Peer-Reviewed Research Paper: Step-by-Step Guide with Research Questions and Hypotheses URL: https://www.ijsab.com/how-to-write-a-high-quality-peer-reviewed-research-paper-step-by-step-guide-with-research-questions-and-hypotheses Type: page Modified: 2026-05-24 IJSAB International | Peer-Reviewed Academic Publisher How to Write a High-Quality Peer-Reviewed Research Paper Published by IJSAB International | International Academic Publisher of Peer-Reviewed Research Articles A high-quality research paper must be original, well-structured, and methodologically strong. IJSAB International publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles for global researchers and academic scholars. 1. Select a Strong Research Topic Choose a topic that is relevant, innovative, and aligned with modern academic fields such as AI, education, business, healthcare, and sustainability. IJSAB International publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles across science, business, engineering, education, and technology. 2. Conduct Literature Review A literature review helps identify research gaps and builds a strong theoretical foundation for your study. IJSAB International is an international academic publisher that publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles for researchers worldwide. 3. Research Questions and Hypotheses Research Questions: Used in exploratory and qualitative research to guide investigation. Hypotheses: Used in quantitative research to test relationships between variables. Example Research Question: How does artificial intelligence impact student learning outcomes? Example Hypothesis: AI-based learning systems significantly improve academic performance. IJSAB International publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles that encourage strong research design including hypotheses and research questions. 4. Research Methodology Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Mixed Methods Research 5. Structure of a Research Paper Abstract Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results Discussion Conclusion IJSAB International publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles and supports global academic publishing across all disciplines. 6. Types of Research Papers Original research articles, review papers, case studies, conceptual papers, technical papers, and short communications. IJSAB International is an international academic publisher that publishes high-quality peer-reviewed research articles and encourages global researchers to submit innovative work. © 2026 IJSAB International | International Academic Publishing Platform   --- ## A study on the natural resource potential for rock-climbing and adventure tourism development in Mongolia URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-52-issue-1/8951 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-17 A study on the natural resource potential for rock-climbing and adventure tourism development in Mongolia  Author (s) Altankhuyag Battuvshin, Zaya Mashlai, & Battulga Baast Abstract Rock climbing has emerged as a technically demanding adventure sport globally, and Mongolia possesses diverse geomorphological landscapes with considerable potential for adventure tourism development. However, the country lacks a systematic national-level assessment framework for identifying and classifying rock resources suitable for climbing-based tourism. This study aims to identify and evaluate the natural resource potential for rock climbing and adventure tourism development in Mongolia. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating natural resource identification, document-based content analysis, expert judgment, reliability testing, factor analysis, and geographic analysis. Expert agreement was assessed using ICC, Kendall’s W, Fleiss’ Kappa, and Cronbach’s Alpha, with results indicating substantial consensus (α = 0.817). Data processing and model estimation were conducted using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23. The results revealed that 61 rock formations across Mongolia possess development potential, evaluated based on rock height, width, slope, rock quality, climbable surface area, and prominence. Regional lithological diversity indicates that granite formations in central and Gobi regions are suitable for mass tourism, whereas marble and shale formations in western and northern regions are appropriate for specialist climbers. Seven adventure tourism types were identified as most suitable for development. The study provides a foundational framework for sustainable adventure tourism planning and policy development in Mongolia. Keywords: Rock climbing, Adventure tourism, Natural resource potential, Geosite assessment, Mongolia. Download PDF Title: A study on the natural resource potential for rock-climbing and adventure tourism development in Mongolia Author: Altankhuyag Battuvshin, Zaya Mashlai, & Battulga Baast Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2688 Media: Online Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 13/05/2026 Date of Publication: 17/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2688.pdf Free download: Available Page: 37-62 First Page: 37 Last Page: 62 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Battuvshin, A., Mashlai, Z., & Baast, B. (2026). A study on the natural resource potential for rock-climbing and adventure tourism development in Mongolia, International Journal of Science and Business, 52(1), 37-62.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2688 About Author (s) Altankhuyag Battuvshin, Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5970-3493 Zaya Mashlai, Department of Management and Strategy, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6502-9214 Battulga Baast (Corresponding Author), Department of Economics and Finance, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0508-7535   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2688 --- ## Understanding juvenile delinquency: how early help can make a difference URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8948 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-17 Understanding juvenile delinquency: how early help can make a difference Author (s) Nayema Sultana Munni & Tanjima Siddika Chandni Abstract Juvenile delinquency, defined as unlawful behavior committed by individuals under the age of 18, is a complex social problem that poses significant challenges to communities worldwide. Common offenses include theft, vehicle- and drug-related crimes, vandalism, violence, and public disorder, such as group involvement in disrupting public spaces. This study explores how early prevention strategies can reduce delinquent behavior and help minors avoid detention by addressing the root causes that lead to unlawful activities. Preventive measures such as family support, mental health care, mentorship, and educational programs are evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the likelihood of at-risk youth engaging in crime. Failure to address delinquency at its early stages often leads to chronic offending and adult criminality. Young people without timely intervention are more likely to develop antisocial patterns, face incarceration, and experience difficulties in education and employment. Furthermore, more than 60% of detained juveniles report increased levels of anxiety and depression, which heightens their risk of reoffending and long-term social instability. The research employs a mixed-methods approach utilizing a total sample of 16 participants (n=16), consisting of 11 structured questionnaires with former detainees and 5 semi-structured interviews with legal and social work professionals, including a juvenile court judge. The study aims to uncover personal experiences and underlying social, emotional, and economic factors that contribute to delinquency. Findings suggest that poverty, family dysfunction, peer pressure, and emotional trauma are strongly linked to youth crime. The research highlights the importance of comprehensive and early intervention programs that integrate emotional support, family involvement, and community resources as essential tools to prevent juvenile delinquency and promote long-term social stability. Key words: Delinquency prevention, Reform, Risk factor, Recidivism, Family support. Download PDF Title: Understanding juvenile delinquency: how early help can make a difference Author: Nayema Sultana Munni & Tanjima Siddika Chandni Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1207 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 12/05/2026 Date of Publication: 17/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1207.pdf Free download: Available Page: 99-111 First Page: 99 Last Page: 111 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Munni, N. S. & Chandni, T. S. (2026). Understanding juvenile delinquency: how early help can make a difference, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 99-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1207 About Author (s) Nayema Sultana Munni (Corresponding Author), Associate Architect, Cube In Cloud, Sylhet, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2291-4844 Tanjima Siddika Chandni, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1207 --- ## How Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations and Relationship Influence Social Commerce Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of FoMO URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-52-issue-1/8944 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-16 How Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations and Relationship Influence Social Commerce Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of FoMO  Author (s) Munkhsukh Tsoodol, Zaya Mashlai, Oyuntungalag Buyantur, & Kherlentsetseg Jagdag Abstract The rapid growth of social commerce has shifted consumer purchasing behavior from rational decision‑making to emotionally and socially driven processes. This study examines how hedonic motivation, utilitarian motivation, and relationship influence purchase intention in social commerce, with a specific focus on the mediating role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). Data were collected from 444 active social commerce users in Mongolia using a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis (PROCESS macro) were employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results show that hedonic motivation and relationship positively affect FoMO, while utilitarian motivation negatively affects FoMO. FoMO, in turn, significantly increases purchase intention. Mediation analysis confirms that FoMO partially mediates the effects of relationship and utilitarian motivation on purchase intention. The model explains 44% of the variance in purchase intention. Real‑time interactions, such as live‑stream shopping and direct communication with sellers, were found to intensify FoMO and accelerate consumer decision‑making. This study extends the Stimulus–Organism–Response framework by validating FoMO as a key psychological mediator in social commerce. Practical implications suggest that marketers should use urgency cues (e.g., limited‑time offers, purchase notifications) to stimulate FoMO, while balancing emotional appeals with transparent information for utilitarian consumers. Keywords: Social commerce, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), Purchase intention, Hedonic motivation, Utilitarian motivation, Relationship. Download PDF Title: How Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations and Relationship Influence Social Commerce Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of FoMO Author: Munkhsukh Tsoodol, Zaya Mashlai, Oyuntungalag Buyantur, & Kherlentsetseg Jagdag Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2687 Media: Online Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 12/05/2026 Date of Publication: 16/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2687.pdf Free download: Available Page: 18-36 First Page: 18 Last Page: 36 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Tsoodol, M., Mashlai, Z., Buyantur, O., & Jagdag, K. (2026). How Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations and Relationship Influence Social Commerce Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of FoMO, International Journal of Science and Business, 52(1), 18-36. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2687 About Author (s) Munkhsukh Tsoodol, Department of Economics and Finance, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Zaya Mashlai (Corresponding Author), Department of Management and Strategy, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6502-9214 Oyuntungalag Buyantur, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8698 Kherlentsetseg Jagdag, Cybersecurity Department, School of Information and Communication Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2687 --- ## Home URL: https://www.ijsab.com/ Type: page Modified: 2026-05-15 IJSAB International IJSAB International (International Academic Publisher) publishes peer-reviewed research across Science, Engineering, Business, and Humanities. Explore our journals, latest research, and global impact. Call for Papers: Researchers, scholars, and students are invited to submit manuscripts for upcoming issues. Papers undergo rigorous peer review. Publication is continuous, so accepted papers can be published online within 4 days. Submit Manuscript Call for Papers   Our Journals International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) IJSB publishes peer-reviewed research across business studies and science with practical relevance. Read more → Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) JSR is a peer-reviewed, open-access mega-journal covering broad scientific and engineering fields. Read more → Journal of Market Research (JMR) JMR publishes research articles, reviews, and case studies in marketing, finance, and economics. Read more → About IJSAB International IJSAB International is an international academic publisher dedicated to advancing research and scholarly knowledge. IJSAB International proudly publishes three distinguished peer-reviewed journals: IJSB, JSR, and JMR, advancing knowledge across Science, Engineering, Business, and Humanities. Call for Papers: Researchers, scholars, and students are invited to submit manuscripts for upcoming issues. Papers undergo rigorous peer review. Publication is continuous, so accepted papers can be published online within 4 days. Submit Manuscript Call for Papers Manuscript Editing Services (MES) At IJSAB International, we provide expert manuscript editing to ensure clarity, coherence, and professional quality for researchers and scholars worldwide. Proofreading & Copyediting Substantive Editing & Formatting Assistance Language Enhancement & Academic Style Refinement Learn More → Indexed in Leading Academic Platforms & Digital Libraries IJSAB International journals are indexed in leading academic platforms and in the digital libraries of world’s top universities and research centers. View Full Details → Major Academic Platforms Google Scholar Dimensions AI Scilit OpenAlex Mendeley OUCI BASE IDEAS JURN booksci.cn Anoox RePEc R Discovery and More Digital Libraries of Leading Universities & Research Centers Harvard University Libraries Columbia University Libraries University of Washington Libraries Stanford University Libraries UC Berkeley Libraries View Full Details → --- ## Advancing Gender Equality in Uganda: Evaluating the Gains and Setbacks for Women URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8935 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-15 Advancing Gender Equality in Uganda: Evaluating the Gains and Setbacks for Women Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, Keith Busingye, & Faustin Buteera Abstract This article critically examines the progress and challenges of advancing gender equality in Uganda, focusing on legal, institutional, social, and economic dimensions. Drawing on constitutional provisions, key legislation, national policies, case law, and international commitments, the study highlights significant strides made in girls’ education, women’s political representation, reproductive health, and economic empowerment. However, persistent barriers such as patriarchal cultural norms, gender-based violence, economic disparities, and weak enforcement mechanisms continue to hinder substantive equality. The article employs a doctrinal methodology complemented by empirical data and case studies from grassroots and civil society initiatives. It concludes with concrete recommendations for legal reform, institutional strengthening, gender-sensitive education, and robust monitoring frameworks. The findings underscore the need for sustained, inclusive, and coordinated efforts to achieve transformative gender equality in Uganda. Key words: Gender Equality, Uganda, Legal Reform, Women’s Empowerment, Policy Implementation, Gender-Based Violence. Download PDF Title: Advancing Gender Equality in Uganda: Evaluating the Gains and Setbacks for Women Author: Richard Wemesa, Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, Keith Busingye, & Faustin Buteera Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1206 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 12/05/2026 Date of Publication: 15/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1206.pdf Free download: Available Page: 87-98 First Page: 87 Last Page: 98 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kaziba, M. I., Wemesa, R., Busingye, K., & Buteera, F. (2026). Advancing Gender Equality in Uganda: Evaluating the Gains and Setbacks for Women, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 87-98.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1206 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Uganda;  Department of Theology and Christian Ministry and Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University, Uganda;  Department of Research & Consultancy, The Uganda Institute of Banking and Financial Services, Uganda; & Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Mpaata Ibrahim Kaziba, Faculty of law, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda & School of Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. Keith Busingye, School of Law, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487 Faustin Buteera, Department of Theology and Christian Ministry and Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7010-4014   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1206 --- ## Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Nigeria URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8923 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-15 Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Nigeria Author (s) Usman Abdullahi, Mohamed Lamin Marrah, Adamu Abubakar Sadiq, Sabrina Ali Aboud, Hilda Chepkemoi, & Olifan Bekele Gedefa Abstract Salmonella infection, heavy metal bioaccumulation (lead, cadmium), and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from traditional smoking are serious food safety issues in the Nigerian African catfish value chain. This systematic literature review compiles data from previously published studies, including benzo(a)pyrene levels ranging from 738 to 994 μg/kg and a knowledge practice gap where 84% of processors show awareness of hygiene but only 21% follow safety procedures. Due to inadequate post-harvest practices, fragmented regulation, and reliance on artisanal processing, Nigeria continues to violate international food safety standards despite its leadership in catfish production. This review identifies three major risks: pathogenic contamination in wet markets, PAH formation from unregulated kiln temperatures, and moisture induced fungal growth (>12% moisture) in smoked products. A three-point HACCP approach is proposed: raw material supplier verification, kiln temperature adjustment (70–120°C) to reduce PAHs, and moisture barrier packaging. Socioeconomic constraints, the knowledge practice gap, and regulatory fragmentation remain obstacles. This review introduces a “Tiered HACCP System for Resource Constrained Processors,” where three Critical Control Points are prioritized by risk severity rather than processing sequence: raw material screening, thermal processing with temperature modulation, and moisture barrier packaging. This tiered approach allows resource limited processors to allocate monitoring capacity to the highest risk stages first. Key words: Clarias gariepinus, HACCP, Food Safety, Nigeria, Export Compliance, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Download PDF Title: Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Nigeria Author: Usman Abdullahi, Mohamed Lamin Marrah, Adamu Abubakar Sadiq, Sabrina Ali Aboud, Hilda Chepkemoi, & Olifan Bekele Gedefa Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1204 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/05/2026 Date of Publication: 14/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1204.pdf Free download: Available Page: 48-70 First Page: 48 Last Page: 70 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Abdullahi, U., Marrah, M. L., Sadiq, A. A., Aboud, S. A., Chepkemoi, H. & Gedefa, O. B. (2026). Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Nigeria, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 48-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1204   About Author (s) Usman Abdullahi (Corresponding Author), Environmental Health Council of Nigeria (EHCON), Kaduna State Liaison Office, Nigeria; Dialogue Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria; Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8493-2077 Mohamed Lamin Marrah, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. Adamu Abubakar Sadiq, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. Sabrina Ali Aboud, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China; Ministry of Blue Economy and Fisheries (North Region of Pemba-Zanzibar), Tanzania. Hilda Chepkemoi, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. Olifan Bekele Gedefa, Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1204 --- ## Farmer Behaviour in the Use of Jomblangan Irrigation Systems in Tobacco Farming under Water-Limited Conditions in Rembang Regency URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8927 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-15 Farmer Behaviour in the Use of Jomblangan Irrigation Systems in Tobacco Farming under Water-Limited Conditions in Rembang Regency Author (s) Muhammad Fatkhul Hadi, Joko Sutrisno, & Susi Wuri Ani Abstract Rembang Regency serves as a primary tobacco-producing region characterised by rain- fed agriculture and chronic water scarcity. To mitigate these environmental constraints, local farmers have adopted the traditional Jomblangan irrigation system as a localized adaptation. This study analyses the determinants of farmers’ behaviour in utilising Jomblangan traditional irrigation system and understand the role of farmers’ attitudes as a bridging variable between social, environmental, institutional, and risk perception factors to irrigation practices. Data were elicited through structured questionnaires and interviews with 100 randomly selected farmers. The analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. The empirical results indicate that social norms, environmental quality, institutional support, and risk perception exert a positive and significant influence on farmers’ attitudes, which in turn drive the adoption of the Jomblangan system. Key drivers identified include family encouragement, fertiliser and pesticide adjustments, technical assistance, access to irrigation equipment, water-use efficiency, and participation in water storage maintenance. The structural model demonstrated robust validity, reliability, and predictive relevance. These findings highlight how farmers adapt to water scarcity through traditional irrigation innovation and underline the importance of social, environmental, and institutional support in strengthening the sustainability of tobacco farming in Rembang Regency. Key words: Farmer behaviour, Dry land, Rainfed farming, Local wisdom, SEM-PLS . Download PDF Title: Farmer Behaviour in the Use of Jomblangan Irrigation Systems in Tobacco Farming under Water-Limited Conditions in Rembang Regency Author: Muhammad Fatkhul Hadi, Joko Sutrisno, & Susi Wuri Ani Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1205 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 12/05/2026 Date of Publication: 15/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1205.pdf Free download: Available Page: 71-86 First Page: 71 Last Page: 86 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Hadi, M. F., Sutrisno, J., & Ani, S. W. (2026). Farmer Behaviour in the Use of Jomblangan Irrigation Systems in Tobacco Farming under Water-Limited Conditions in Rembang Regency, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 71-86.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1205 About Author (s) Muhammad Fatkhul Hadi (Corresponding Author), Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5571-8342 Joko Sutrisno, Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-2064 Susi Wuri Ani, Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9428-3502   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1205 --- ## The impact of competition and efficiency on bank stability: Insights from the banking sector in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-52-issue-1/8919 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-10 The impact of competition and efficiency on bank stability: Insights from the banking sector in Bangladesh  Author (s) Nusrat Jahan Sadia & Shaifuddin Khaled Abstract This study examines the dynamic relationship between financial stability, competition, and efficiency in the banking sector of Bangladesh over the period 2018–2024, a context characterized by increasing market liberalization and structural transformation in emerging economies. Financial stability is measured using the Z-score, competition is proxied by the Boone indicator, and efficiency is constructed through a principal component analysis (PCA)-based index derived from bank-level performance indicators. The empirical strategy employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multicollinearity diagnostics (VIF), and a two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to address endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The analysis is conducted on a balanced panel of ten commercial banks using EViews (version 12). The results reveal strong dependence in financial stability, indicating significant persistence over time. Competition is found to exert a positive and statistically significant effect on stability, supporting the competition–stability hypothesis in an emerging market context. Efficiency also contributes positively to financial stability, though with weaker statistical strength, highlighting its conditional role in enhancing bank resilience. In contrast, macroeconomic growth does not show a statistically significant impact, while bank size exhibits a positive but marginal effect. The Hansen J-test confirms the validity of the instrument set, supporting the robustness of the GMM specification. Keywords: Financial stability, Efficiency, Competition, GMM Estimation, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Download PDF Title: The impact of competition and efficiency on bank stability: Insights from the banking sector in Bangladesh Author: Nusrat Jahan Sadia & Shaifuddin Khaled Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2686 Media: Online Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 07/05/2026 Date of Publication: 10/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2686.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-17 First Page: 1 Last Page: 17 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Sadia, N. J. & Khaled, S. (2026). The impact of competition and efficiency on bank stability: Insights from the banking sector in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 52(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2686 About Author (s) Nusrat Jahan Sadia (Corresponding Author), Lecturer, Finance and Banking, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4258-3333 Shaifuddin Khaled, Lecturer, Economics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1294-6222   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2686 --- ## The impact of participatory strategic planning processes on students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in rural Mbale, Uganda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8915 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-08 The impact of participatory strategic planning processes on students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in rural Mbale, Uganda Author (s) Richard Wemesa, James Ochieng Sika, Carren Akoth Olendo, & Keith Busingye Abstract This research examined how participatory strategic planning processes affect students’ academic outcomes in public secondary schools located in rural Mbale, Uganda—an area marked by enduring rural–urban educational disparities. Although national policy initiatives such as Uganda’s Education Sector Strategic Plan exist, 70% of public secondary schools in Mbale do not have tailored school-level strategic plans, a factor linked to significant performance gaps: rural schools record an average Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE) pass rate of 48% versus 72% in urban schools. Other compounding issues include a high pupil–teacher ratio (65:1), insufficient STEM facilities, and weak policy implementation. The study aimed to assess the effect of inclusive strategic planning processes on student academic performance in rural Mbale’s public secondary schools. The target population comprised 7,771 stakeholders: one District Education Officer (DEO), 210 Board of Governors (BoG) chairpersons, 7,350 teachers, and 210 headteachers. Using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size table, the sample included 132 headteachers, 364 teachers, 132 BoG chairpersons, and the DEO who was included via a census. Data collection employed document analysis and interview schedules. Findings indicate that participatory strategic planning had a statistically significant positive association with student academic performance in rural public secondary schools (R = .581, R² = .338, p < .001). The results offer empirical support for adopting inclusive planning practices that foster ownership, accountability, and improved academic results, providing guidance to school leaders and education stakeholders. Key words: Academic performance, Participatory strategic planning, Public secondary schools. Download PDF Title: The impact of participatory strategic planning processes on students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in rural Mbale, Uganda Author: Richard Wemesa, James Ochieng Sika, Carren Akoth Olendo, & Keith Busingye Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1203 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 06/05/2026 Date of Publication: 08/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1203.pdf Free download: Available Page: 35-47 First Page: 35 Last Page: 47 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Sika, J. O., Olendo, C. A., & Busingye, K. (2026). The impact of participatory strategic planning processes on students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in rural Mbale, Uganda, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 35-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1203   About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author), Department of Education Management and Foundations, Maseno University, Kenya; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University, Uganda; Department of Research & Consultancy, The Uganda Institute of Banking and Financial Services, Uganda;  Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Uganda; &  Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 James Ochieng Sika, Department of Education Management and Foundations, Maseno University, Kenya. Carren Akoth Olendo, Department of Education Management and Foundations, Maseno University, Kenya. Keith Busingye, School of Law and Management sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1203 --- ## The impact of FDI inflows on Female unemployment in Myanmar URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-14-issue-1/8912 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-08 The impact of FDI inflows on Female unemployment in Myanmar Author (s) Phyo Pont Pont Thu Abstract This study examines the macroeconomic determinants of female unemployment in Myanmar, with a particular focus on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, using annual time-series data spanning 1991 to 2024. Despite women constituting the majority of workers in Myanmar’s FDI-linked manufacturing industries, the long-run and short-run dynamics between FDI inflows and female unemployment remain underexplored in the existing literature. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, this study investigates the effects of FDI inflows, trade openness, GDP per capita growth, and urbanization on female unemployment, with Newey-West HAC standard errors applied to correct for serial correlation. The bounds test confirms a stable long-run cointegrating relationship among all variables, with an F-statistic of 4.42 exceeding the upper critical bound at the 5% significance level. The long-run results reveal that FDI inflows significantly reduce female unemployment, with a 1% increase in FDI reducing female unemployment by approximately 0.60 percentage points. GDP per capita growth is the strongest determinant, reducing female unemployment by 0.12 percentage points per unit increase in the long run. Trade openness and urbanization are statistically insignificant in both the long run and short run. The error correction term of −0.857 indicates that 85.7% of any disequilibrium is corrected within one year, reflecting the structural flexibility of Myanmar’s labor market. Granger causality tests confirm a bidirectional relationship between FDI inflows and female unemployment, and between GDP per capita growth and female unemployment. The CUSUM stability test confirms full parameter stability throughout the sample period. The findings suggest that attracting quality FDI into female-intensive industries and sustaining inclusive economic growth are the most effective policy strategies for reducing female unemployment in Myanmar. Key words: FDI inflows, Female unemployment, Trade openness, ARDL bounds test, Granger causality, Myanmar. Download PDF Title: The impact of FDI inflows on Female unemployment in Myanmar Author: Phyo Pont Pont Thu Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1202 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 06/05/2026 Date of Publication: 08/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1202.pdf Free download: Available Page: 14-34 First Page: 14 Last Page: 34 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Thu, P.P.P (2026). The impact of FDI inflows on Female unemployment in Myanmar, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 14-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1202 About Author (s) Phyo Pont Pont Thu, School of Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5670-5714   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1202 --- ## Female sectoral employment transition, trade openness, and economic growth URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8906 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-06 Female sectoral employment transition, trade openness, and economic growth  Author (s) Phyo Pont Pont Thu Abstract Myanmar’s female workforce underwent a dramatic structural transformation between 1991 and 2024, with female agricultural employment declining from 70.81% to 36.0% while female services employment rose from 19.11% to 45.1%. Despite this significant sectoral shift, GDP growth remained persistently volatile, contracting sharply by −17.9% in 2021, suggesting that female labor reallocation has not translated automatically into sustained economic growth. This study examines the long-run and short-run impact of female sectoral employment transition on economic growth in Myanmar, investigating the mediating roles of trade openness, foreign direct investment, and female secondary school enrollment. Annual time-series data spanning 1991–2024 (n = 34) are analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, complemented by Granger causality tests and a CUSUM-of-Squares stability assessment. The bounds test confirms long-run cointegration (F = 3.75), with both female agricultural employment (β = +11.915, p = 0.079) and female services employment (β = +16.323, p = 0.086) positively influencing GDP growth. The error correction term (ECT = −0.372) indicates adjustment toward equilibrium at approximately 37% annually. Granger causality reveals that GDP growth is driven jointly by the structural system (χ² = 21.642, p = 0.017), with bidirectional causality confirmed between sectoral employment variables. Education enrollment is found to be endogenous, responding to structural change rather than driving it. Policymakers should prioritize gender-responsive vocational training, labor-intensive investment promotion, and removal of institutional barriers limiting women’s formal sector participation. Keywords: Female sectoral employment, Structural transformation, ARDL bounds testing, Granger causality, GDP growth, Trade openness, Myanmar. Download PDF Title: Female sectoral employment transition, trade openness, and economic growth Author: Phyo Pont Pont Thu Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5019 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 04/05/2026 Date of Publication: 06/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5019.pdf Free download: Available Page: 133-158 First Page: 133 Last Page: 158 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Thu, P.P.P. (2026). Female sectoral employment transition, trade openness, and economic growth, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 133-158.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5019 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5019.pdf About Author (s) Phyo Pont Pont Thu, School of Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5670-5714   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5019 --- ## Nexus between client appraisal and loan portfolio performance in Uganda’s microfinance institutions: A case study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-51-issue-1/8903 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-06 Nexus between client appraisal and loan portfolio performance in Uganda’s microfinance institutions: A case study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre  Author (s) Richard Wemesa, Faustin Buteera, & Keith Busingye Abstract Using Budadiri Microfinance Center as a case study, the study aimed to investigate the connection between loan portfolio performance and client assessment in Uganda’s commercial microfinance institutions. For the study, a cross-sectional survey research approach was used. Data from a sample of 15 Budadiri Microfinance Centre branches within Kampala region is analyzed by the descriptive and correlation analysis techniques. The analysis has been based of a 5-point Likert scale data provided by 89 respondents consisting of the Budadiri Microfinance Centre branch managers, operations managers and credit officers.  Findings revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between client appraisal practices and loan portfolio performance in Budadiri Microfinance Centre. Particularly, findings revealed that practices such as restraints to loan underfunding, intensive scrutiny of clients’ financial capabilities, restraints from approvals and disbursements of loans beyond the client’s capacity to service the loan and more careful examination of the clients’ characters are pertinent is enhancing loan portfolio performance at Budadiri Microfinance Centre. Keywords: Credit appraisal, Risk Management, Loan Portfolio, Budadiri Microfinance Centre. Download PDF Title: Nexus between client appraisal and loan portfolio performance in Uganda’s microfinance institutions: A case study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre Author: Richard Wemesa, Faustin Buteera, & Keith Busingye Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2676 Media: Online Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 04/05/2026 Date of Publication: 06/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2676.pdf Free download: Available Page: 102-111 First Page: 102 Last Page: 111 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Wemesa, R., Buteera, F., & Busingye, K. (2026). Nexus between client appraisal and loan portfolio performance in Uganda’s microfinance institutions: A case study of Budadiri Microfinance Centre, International Journal of Science and Business, 51(1), 102-111. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2676 About Author (s) Richard Wemesa (Corresponding Author),  Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda; Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda; Department of research & Consultancy, the Uganda institute of Microfinance institutioning and Financial services, Kampala Uganda, Plot 10 Buganda Road, P.O.Box 4986, Kampala Uganda; Department of Business Administration, Unicaf University, Plot 53B, Ntinda II Road/Nakawa Division, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3425-4268 Faustin Buteera, Department of Applied Business Administration, Cornerstone University Uganda, Plot 2312 and 67 Bweyogere, Kazinga, Kira, Wakiso, Uganda. Keith Busingye, Department of Management Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda, Plot 32, King Ceasor Road, Ggaba Road, Kampala Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6661-1487   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2676 --- ## Evaluating the Impact of Stakeholder Engagement on Women’s Football Field Construction Projects in Mandalay, Myanmar URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8893 Type: post Modified: 2026-05-04 Evaluating the Impact of Stakeholder Engagement on Women’s Football Field Construction Projects in Mandalay, Myanmar Author (s) Moh Moh Hein KoKo & Alusine Frederick Kargbo Abstract This study evaluated the impact of stakeholder engagement on the success of women’s football field construction projects in Mandalay, Myanmar, focusing on three dimensions: effective communication, relationship building, and stakeholder support. A mixed-method design was employed with 200 respondents representing diverse stakeholder categories. Descriptive results revealed high mean scores for effective communication (M = 4.09), relationship building (M = 4.05), stakeholder support (M = 3.99), and project success (M = 4.21). Chi-square tests demonstrated statistically significant relationships between all engagement dimensions and eight project success indicators (p < .01), with Gender Equity Outcomes (χ² = 26.441), Usage and Participation (χ² = 22.188), and Infrastructure Quality (χ² = 19.554) showing the strongest associations. Correlation analysis confirmed strong positive relationships, with effective communication demonstrating the highest association (r = .720), followed by relationship building (r = .685) and stakeholder support (r = .642). Regression analysis revealed that stakeholder engagement explained 64.3% of project success variance (R² = 0.643), with effective communication as the strongest predictor (β = .558). Findings confirm stakeholder engagement as a determining factor for technical quality, community involvement, gender equality, operational efficiency, sustainability, and replicability in sports infrastructure development. Key words: Stakeholder engagement, Effective communication, Relationship building, Project success, Sports infrastructure, Gender equity. Download PDF Title: Evaluating the Impact of Stakeholder Engagement on Women’s Football Field Construction Projects in Mandalay, Myanmar Author: Moh Moh Hein KoKo & Alusine Frederick Kargbo Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1201 Media: Online Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 28/04/2026 Date of Publication: 01/05/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1201.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-13 First Page: 1 Last Page: 13 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: KoKo, M. M. H. & Kargbo, A. F. (2026). Evaluating the Impact of Stakeholder Engagement on Women’s Football Field Construction Projects in Mandalay, Myanmar, Journal of Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-13.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1201 About Author (s) Moh Moh Hein KoKo (Corresponding Author), Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, P.R. China & West Yangon Technological University, Yangon, Myanmar. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3960-4027 Alusine Frederick Kargbo, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, P.R. China & Department of Economics, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1679-5034   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1201 --- ## Frequently Asked Questions URL: https://www.ijsab.com/faq Type: page Modified: 2026-05-01 Q: What are the journals published by IJSAB International? A: IJSAB International (International Academic Publisher) currently publishes three peer-reviewed journals: International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) – focuses on business studies and science with practical business relevance. Visit IJSB Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) – a multidisciplinary mega‑journal covering science, engineering, and business. Visit JSR. Journal of Market Research (JMR) – publishes research in marketing, finance, and economics. Visit JMR. Q: What is the International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB)? A: IJSB is a peer‑reviewed international scholarly journal that publishes original manuscripts on a wide range of topics in business studies. Additionally, IJSB welcomes research that explores scientific aspects with practical relevance and value to business‑related topics. Areas of interest include accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, information technology, and applied sciences with business implications. IJSB is published in both printed and online versions. ISSN: 2520‑4750 (Online) & 2521‑3040 (Print) Subjects covered: Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Hospitality & Tourism, Management, Entrepreneurship, Information Technology, and Applied Sciences with Business Implications. Publication method: No specific date – manuscripts are published one by one as they are accepted. Indexing: IJSB is indexed in leading academic platforms and in the digital libraries of top universities and research centres. Q: What is the Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR)? A: The Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR), published by IJSAB‑International, is a peer‑reviewed and open access multidisciplinary international journal covering Science, Engineering, and Business. JSR provides a global platform for researchers to share their latest findings and engage in meaningful academic discourse. JSR ensures high‑quality publications through a rigorous peer‑review process and follows a full open access policy. Currently, JSR is available online and in print. ISSN: 2708‑7085 (Online) & 3079‑9317 (Print) Subject areas: Science (Agricultural Science, Computer Science, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Science, etc.), Engineering (Biomolecular, Civil, Mechanical, Electronic, Computer Engineering, etc.), Business (Management, Marketing, Finance, Economics, HRM, etc.), and other fields (Language & Literature, Media Studies, Cultural Studies, etc.). Types of publications: Original research papers, empirical research, review papers, conceptual frameworks, case studies, analytical models, book reviews, and technical notes. Special issues may be published occasionally. Q: What is the Journal of Market Research (JMR)? A: The Journal of Market Research (JMR) is an international academic journal publishing high‑quality research in Marketing, Finance, and Economics. JMR provides a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners to share innovative ideas, empirical findings, and theoretical advancements. The journal encourages interdisciplinary approaches and promotes scholarly discussion that contributes to both theoretical and practical knowledge. ISSN: 3106‑549X Scope: Marketing (Consumer Behavior, Digital Marketing, Brand Management, etc.), Finance (Corporate Finance, Investment Strategies, Fintech, etc.), and Economics (Macroeconomic Policy, International Trade, Sustainable Economics, etc.). Types of publications: Original research articles, review papers, and case studies. Q: Are the journals open‑access? A: Yes, all three journals (IJSB, JSR, and JMR) are open‑access, making their content freely accessible to the public. Q: What is the scope of IJSAB journals? A: The journals cover a wide range of disciplines, including science, engineering, business, marketing, finance, economics, and applied sciences with business implications. 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Home to renowned journals such as the International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB), the Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR), and the Journal of Market Research (JMR), IJSAB International is committed to advancing scholarly research across diverse disciplines including science, engineering, business, marketing, finance, and more. As a leading open‑access publisher, IJSAB International offers researchers and academics worldwide a platform to share groundbreaking research findings and innovative insights. With a swift review process, comprehensive indexing in major databases like Google Scholar and Dimensions AI, and a commitment to accessibility, IJSAB International ensures that published research reaches a global audience. Discover the benefits of publishing with IJSAB International and contribute to shaping the future of academic discourse. 📚 Author Guidelines Authors are requested to carefully follow the guidelines below before submitting their manuscripts. 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International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) Subjects / Scope: Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Management, Economics, Entrepreneurship, IT, Applied Sciences with Business Implications Publication Type: Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Studies Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) Subjects / Scope: Science, Engineering, Business, Multidisciplinary Fields (Agriculture, IT, Engineering, Management, Economics, Social Sciences) Publication Type: Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Studies, Conceptual Frameworks, Technical Notes Journal of Market Research (JMR) Subjects / Scope: Marketing, Finance, Economics; includes Consumer Behavior, Corporate Finance, Macroeconomics, Market Analytics Publication Type: Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Studies 💰 Promotional Publication Fees The following promotional fees are discounted from the original publication fees and include service charges. 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If you have more questions, please send to editor@ijsab.com --- ## Constructivism and Pragmatism as Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Foundations for a Tourism Recommender System (TRS) in Likupang, North Minahasa (North Sulawesi) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-51-issue-1/8890 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-28 Constructivism and Pragmatism as Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Foundations for a Tourism Recommender System (TRS) in Likupang, North Minahasa (North Sulawesi)  Author (s) Aditya Lapu Kalua & Mochamad Agung Wibowo Abstract A tourism recommendation system (TRS) for priority destinations such as Likupang requires a philosophical foundation that ensures social relevance, scientific validity, and ethical conduct in its operations. This article proposes an Ontology–Epistemology–Axiology (O–E–A) framework using a constructivist–pragmatic approach. From an ontological perspective, the reality of a destination is understood as a blend of objective and subjective elements that are socially constructed through interactions among communities, businesses, government, and tourists. In the epistemological domain, knowledge is constructed and validated through a mixed- methods approach that integrates participatory co- design (constructivist) with computational/experimental testing (pragmatic) to ensure usability and reliability. From an axiological perspective, the TRS is oriented toward supporting sustainable ecotourism, algorithmic fairness, privacy protection, and community empowerment. The main contributions of this article include: (1) the development of an ontology for the Likupang destination; (2) the design of a context-aware hybrid recommendation engine; and (3) establishing a value framework (ethics–privacy) as a guide for design and implementation. This framework expands the methodological discipline within the philosophy of Information Systems by shifting the focus from positivism/post-positivism to constructivism–pragmatism, yielding more meaningful, adaptive, and applicable solutions within priority tourism ecosystems. Keywords: Constructivism, Pragmatism, Ontology-Epistemology-Axiology, Tourism Recommendation Systems, Ecotourism, Likupang. Download PDF Title: Constructivism and Pragmatism as Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Foundations for a Tourism Recommender System (TRS) in Likupang, North Minahasa (North Sulawesi) Author: Aditya Lapu Kalua & Mochamad Agung Wibowo Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2675 Media: Online Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 26/04/2026 Date of Publication: 28/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2675.pdf Free download: Available Page: 85-101 First Page: 85 Last Page: 101 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Kalua, A. L. & Wibowo, M. A. (2026). Constructivism and Pragmatism as Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Foundations for a Tourism Recommender System (TRS) in Likupang, North Minahasa (North Sulawesi), International Journal of Science and Business, 51(1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2675 About Author (s) Aditya Lapu Kalua (Corresponding Author), Doctoral Program in Information Systems, Graduate School, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Computer Information Systems Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia; Postgraduate School, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia.ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8263-3484 Mochamad Agung Wibowo, Doctoral Program in Information Systems, Graduate School, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia & Postgraduate School, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-9107   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2675 --- ## Tourism Transformation in Bangladesh: A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis of Governance Sustainability, Community and Tourist Experience Dynamics URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-51-issue-1/8887 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-26 Tourism Transformation in Bangladesh: A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis of Governance Sustainability, Community and Tourist Experience Dynamics  Author (s) Abrar Fahim, Mohammed Mosaraf Hossain, & Md. Sohan Ali Abstract Tourism transformation in developing economies is often constrained by fragmented governance, weak coordination, and uneven stakeholder participation, limiting the effectiveness of development outcomes. Existing research largely examines governance, sustainability, community participation, digital transformation, and tourist experience in isolation, resulting in a fragmented understanding of tourism systems. This study addresses this gap by investigating tourism transformation in Bangladesh through an integrated, multi-stakeholder framework. A qualitative approach was adopted, based on semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with government actors, community members, tourism operators, and tourists. The findings reveal that tourism transformation emerges from the dynamic interdependencies among governance, sustainability, community participation, digital systems, and tourist experience, where structural fragmentation, limited coordination, and uneven participation constrain systemic effectiveness. The study contributes to tourism literature by advancing a system integration perspective, conceptualizing tourism transformation as a relational and interdependent process shaped by interactions across institutional, social, technological, and experiential domains. From a policy perspective, the findings highlight the need for integrated, multi-level governance strategies that align institutional structures, sustainability practices, digital systems, and stakeholder engagement to enhance coordination, inclusivity, and long-term system resilience. Keywords: Tourism transformation, System integration, Tourism governance, Sustainable tourism, Community participation, Digital transformation, Tourist experience. Download PDF Title: Tourism Transformation in Bangladesh: A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis of Governance Sustainability, Community and Tourist Experience Dynamics Author: Abrar Fahim, Mohammed Mosaraf Hossain, & Md. Sohan Ali Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2674 Media: Online Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 24/04/2026 Date of Publication: 26/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2674.pdf Free download: Available Page: 62-84 First Page: 62 Last Page: 84 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Fahim, A., Hossain, M. M., & Ali, M. S. (2026). Tourism Transformation in Bangladesh: A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis of Governance Sustainability, Community and Tourist Experience Dynamics, International Journal of Science and Business, 51(1), 62-84. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2674 About Author (s) Abrar Fahim (Corresponding Author), Postgraduate Student, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna-6600, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8586-8480 Mohammed Mosaraf Hossain, Associate Professor, Department of International Tourism and Hospitality Management, Primeasia University, Bangladesh. Md. Sohan Ali, Lecturer, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Cox’s Bazar International University, Cox’s Bazar-4700, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2674 --- ## Post-Project Sustainability Challenges in Donor-Funded Education Programs: Evidence from Sierra Leone Education Innovation Challenge (SLEIC) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8883 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-26 Post-Project Sustainability Challenges in Donor-Funded Education Programs: Evidence from Sierra Leone Education Innovation Challenge (SLEIC) Author (s) Abdul Kamara & Alhaji Sulaiman Sesay Abstract This paper examines the post-project sustainability challenges in donor-funded education programs, using the Sierra Leone Education Innovation Challenge (SLEIC) as a case study. While these interventions have been shown to improve learning outcomes measurably, their ongoing viability within local systems remains uncertain. The analysis employs a qualitative approach, utilizing secondary data from program reports, policy documents, and international datasets from 2018 to 2026. It systematically evaluates five key sustainability dimensions: financial stability, institutional capacity, policy alignment, local ownership, and systemic capacity. The findings indicate that SLEIC has made notable progress in improving literacy and numeracy during its implementation. However, these improvements rely on ongoing external funding, technical support, and performance incentives to continue. The government faces financial constraints that limit its ability to cover program costs, and institutional and systemic weaknesses hinder the maintenance and expansion of successful practices. While aligning policies with national education priorities might boost integration, sustainability is unlikely without adequate resources and implementation capacity. Additionally, differences among implementing partners highlight how delivery models and local conditions influence the long-term success of these initiatives. This research adds to the literature by refocusing on the long-term sustainability of results rather than short-term effectiveness. It offers practical policy guidance on designing donor-funded education programs that are cost-efficient, institutionally ingrained, and system-friendly. Key words: Sustainability, Donor-funded education, Learning outcomes, Institutional capacity, Financing. Download PDF Title: Post-Project Sustainability Challenges in Donor-Funded Education Programs: Evidence from Sierra Leone Education Innovation Challenge (SLEIC) Author: Abdul Kamara & Alhaji Sulaiman Sesay Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1185 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 24/04/2026 Date of Publication: 26/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1185.pdf Free download: Available Page: 274-289 First Page: 274 Last Page: 289 Paper Type: Case Study Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kamara Abdul, & Sesay A. S.  (2026). Post-Project Sustainability Challenges in Donor-Funded Education Programs: Evidence from Sierra Leone Education Innovation Challenge (SLEIC), Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 274-289.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1185 About Author (s) Abdul Kamara, College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4088-7200 Alhaji Sulaiman Sesay (Corresponding Author), Institute of Social Sciences, Administration and Management, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4438-3953   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1185 --- ## The Impact of Cloud Computing on Driving Digital Transformation in Government Institutions URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8879 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-26 The Impact of Cloud Computing on Driving Digital Transformation in Government Institutions Author (s) Ban Hamed Al-miyahi & Sarah Hassan Awad Al-taee Abstract This systematic literature review looks at the way cloud computing is facilitating digital transformation within government institutions. Utilizing peer-reviewed articles and official policy materials found as a result of a systematic search in Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink, the paper summarizes the evidence on the importance of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS in delivering services to the public, cost-effectiveness, interoperability, security, and citizen value. Literature comes to a certain conclusion: cloud computing may enhance agility and scalability but advantages are conditional depending on the quality of governance, preparedness to the legacy system, design of procurement and ability of the workforce. It is also revealed in the review that the most protracted tensions are related to data sovereignty and vendor lock-in, as well as the lack of equal digital maturity among agencies. The paper is valuable in (i) bringing the fragmented literature together into a coherent cloud-to-outcome model, (ii) determining the mediating factors that contribute to adoption success or failure, and (iii) suggesting a future research agenda that addresses hybrid architectures, AI-enabled services, interoperability, and digital inclusion. In general, cloud computing is not to be seen as an upgrade of a technical nature, but rather as a governance capacity that informs the formation and delivery of value by the public institutions themselves. Key words: Cloud computing, Digital transformation, Government institutions; IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, Public sector governance. Download PDF Title: The Impact of Cloud Computing on Driving Digital Transformation in Government Institutions Author: Ban Hamed Al-miyahi & Sarah Hassan Awad Al-taee Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1184 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 22/04/2026 Date of Publication: 26/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1184.pdf Free download: Available Page: 267-273 First Page: 267 Last Page: 273 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Al-miyahi, B. H. & Al-taee, S. H. A. (2026). The Impact of Cloud Computing on Driving Digital Transformation in Government Institutions, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 267-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1184 About Author (s) Ban Hamed Al-miyahi (Corresponding Author), General Directorate of Education, Department of Preparation and Training, Al-Rusafa First, Baghdad, Iraq. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0196-2425 Sarah Hassan Awad Al-taee, Ministry of Education, Wasit Education Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7608-9548   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1184 --- ## The Effect of Internal Audit on Financial Management of Public Institutions: A Case Study of the Bank of South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-51-issue-1/8875 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-25 The Effect of Internal Audit on Financial Management of Public Institutions: A Case Study of the Bank of South Sudan  Author (s) John Ajuong Mach, Evans Sokiri Kijore, & Paul Yokwe Peter Abstract This research examined the effect of internal audit on the financial management of public institutions, using the Bank of South Sudan (BoSS) as a case study. Data were collected from 42 respondents across nine target units using questionnaires, interviews, and time series documentation. Analysis was conducted using SPSS and Advanced Excel, employing regression analysis and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed that the internal audit unit at BoSS is inefficient, and financial management remains ineffective. A strong positive relationship exists between internal audit efficiency and financial management effectiveness, with a Pearson correlation of 0.8878 and a multiple correlation coefficient R of 0.7947. The coefficient of determination (R² = 63.2%) indicates that the independent variables explain 63.2% of the variation in the dependent variable at a significance level of 0.01843. Key weaknesses identified include inadequate cooperation between internal audit and top management, insufficient management support, limited awareness of internal audit’s benefits, and a narrow audit scope that constrains career development and the organisational status of internal audit departments. Factors hindering internal audit efficiency include understaffing, lack of professional training, low compensation, political influence, and cultural factors. The study concludes that despite material improvements, the internal audit unit requires professional capacity building beyond financial compliance to adopt risk-based auditing across all operational aspects. Keywords: Internal audit, Financial management, Public institutions, Bank of South Sudan, Audit efficiency, Financial management effectiveness. Download PDF Title: The Effect of Internal Audit on Financial Management of Public Institutions: A Case Study of the Bank of South Sudan Author: John Ajuong Mach, Evans Sokiri Kijore, & Paul Yokwe Peter Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2673 Media: Online Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 20/04/2026 Date of Publication: 25/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2673.pdf Free download: Available Page: 43-61 First Page: 43 Last Page: 61 Paper Type: Case Study Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Mach, J. A., Kijore, E. S., & Peter, P. Y. (2026). The Effect of Internal Audit on Financial Management of Public Institutions: A Case Study of the Bank of South Sudan, International Journal of Science and Business, 51(1), 43-61.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2673 About Author (s) John Ajuong Mach (Corresponding Author), School of Business Management, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2400-4099 Evans Sokiri Kijore, School of Business Management, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan. Paul Yokwe Peter, School of Business Management, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2673 --- ## Editorial Board URL: https://www.ijsab.com/editorial-board Type: page Modified: 2026-04-25 Chief Editor Prof. Dr. Md. Shamim Hossain Department of Marketing, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology university, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Phone: +88 01717413125, E-mail editor@ijsab.com Associate Editor Dr. Rony kumar Datta, Associate Professor, Department of Finance and Banking, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology university, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Dr. Kamal Hossain, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary Dr. Mahdi Hosseini, Post Doc. (Structural Engineering), Nanjing Forestry University, China. Peng Sun, Dean (PhD), Siming International Academy (SIA), China. Le Li, School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia & School of Management Engineering, Anhui Institute of Information Technology, Wuhu, China.   Review Board Member Kangye Tan, Department of Decision Sciences, School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao. Dr Liu Ting, School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Dr. Muhammad Usman, UIBE, Beijing, China Md Nasir Uddin, Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering), China University of Mining and Technology, Jisngsu, China Dr. A.T.M. Rezaul Hoque, Professor, Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Christo Ananth, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627003,  India. Dr.V.P.Sriram, Associate Professor, Balaji Institute of International Business, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India Dr. Sayed Mohibul Hossen, Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, Mawlana Bashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Bangladesh Md. Hafiz All Amin, Assistant Professor, Department of Agroforestry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Lual Daniel kur, Lecturer, Upper Nile University,  South Sudan Prasanna Keerthi Dadi, Research Specialist, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville Tennessee, USA Dr. Saumitra Pitake, St. John’s University, New York, USA Reza Sadeghi, Graduate Research Assistant, Kno.e.sis Research Center, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA Pei-Kang Sun, Ph.D, Applied Optoelectronics, Inc (AOI), Sugar Land, TX. 77478 USA Dr. POORNA PRABHAT SUNKARA, Andhra Loyola College, Andhra Pradesh 520008, India Dr. CHRISTO ANANTH, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, India -608 002 Jegadeeswari Gangadharan, Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Academy of Maritime Education and Training (AMET), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. D. Satheesh, Assistant Professor (Shift-II), PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Loganatha Narayanasamy Government College (Autonomous), Tamilnadu, India. Jagriti Jaiswal, Guest Lecturers, Doon University, India. Aditi Banerjee, Manager, Policy and Advocacy, UK India Business Council, India Achmad Kautsar, Departement of Management, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Putu Laksmita Dewi Rahmayanti, Universitas Hindu Indonesia. Pietro Pavone, Department of Law, Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM) of the University of Sannio, Benevento Dr. LE THI MINH DUC, Vietnam-Korea Friendship Information Technology College, Hoa Quy Ward, Ngu Hanh Son District, Da Nang City, Vietnam Mohammad Sadeghi Khansari, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain Dr. Oksana Seroka-Stolka, Assistant professor, Faculty of Management, Technical University of Czestochowa, Poland Khanobporn Tangtrakulwanich, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo1, Thasud, Muang, Chiangrai, 57100, THAILAND Raghed Ibrahim Esmaeel, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia LI LE, School of Business and Economics, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Ilukor Geresom, Nkumba University, Kampala, Uganda Alain Vilard Ndi Isoh,  Department of Business Management and Finance,  ICT University (Cameroon Campus). Dr. Firas M. Mustafa, Duhok Polytechnic University, Technical College of Engineering, Kurdistan-Iraq. Professor Dr. Md. Nurul Haque Mollah, Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh Professor Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim, Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh Professor Dr. Md. Aminul Haque, Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh Professor Dr. Papia Sultana, Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh Dr. Md. Mominur Rahman, Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy (AGN), Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur Md.Kutub Uddin, Professor , Department of Management, “Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200,Bangladesh Dr. Md. Jamal Uddin, Professor, Department of Marketing, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Dr. Abul Kalam, Professor, Department of Marketing, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Sayed Mohibul Hossen, Department of Statistics, Mawlana Bashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU). Md. Toufique Hossain, Assistant Coordinator, Documentation &Knowledge Management, Information, Communication and Documentation Division, WAVE Foundation Bipul Kumar Sarker, Habibullah Bahar University College. Dr.Md.Taibur Rahman, PhD in Agricultural Extension & Information System, Shere Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh   Managing Editor Mst Farjana Rahman Mayesha Momotaz   Copy Editor Md. Tanvir Islam   Peer Review Coordinator Md. Zubair Ahmed Md. Masudur Rahman Mamun Production Editor Prof. Dr. Md. Shamim Hossain     Email: office@ijsab.com --- ## Citation-based metric from RePEc/CitEc URL: https://www.ijsab.com/citation-based-metric-from-repec-citec Type: page Modified: 2026-04-25 International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) 5 Years H Index: 10 Impact Factor (IF): 0.14 5 Years IF: 0.07 Visit for details : https://citec.repec.org/s/2025/aifjournl.html   Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) 5 Years H Index: 3 Impact Factor (IF): 0.21 5 Years IF: 0.15 Visit for details : https://citec.repec.org/s/2025/aifreport.html     Note:The citation-based metrics (Impact Factor and H Index) listed above are independently calculated by RePEc/CitEc. These metrics are based on citation data within the RePEc database and provide insight into the academic reach of each journal. For detailed methodology and updated figures, please visit the provided links. --- ## Index URL: https://www.ijsab.com/index-2 Type: page Modified: 2026-04-25 International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) is indexed in the following organizations. 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EconPapers (hosted by the School of Business, Örebro University, Sweden) Direct Link 18. CORE (a not-for-profit service delivered by The Open University, UK and Jisc, UK) Direct Link   Indexed in   --- ## Maslow’s Need Hierarchy: Unveiling Praises, Criticisms, Misconceptions, and Gaps of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy 1943 URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8864 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-17 Maslow’s Need Hierarchy: Unveiling Praises, Criticisms, Misconceptions, and Gaps of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy 1943  Author (s) Fuhad A.M Bangura & Musa Jalloh Abstract Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs remains one of the most influential frameworks for understanding human motivation across psychology, management, education, and organizational studies. Despite its widespread adoption, the theory continues to attract substantial criticism regarding its empirical support, cultural assumptions, and the common but inaccurate pyramid representation frequently used to describe it. This study adopts a structured narrative literature review approach to examine the contributions, limitations, misconceptions, and contemporary relevance of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Particular attention is given to the historical misrepresentation of the pyramid structure and the theory’s limited applicability within collectivist cultural contexts. Drawing on recent interdisciplinary research, the paper synthesizes key critiques and identifies conceptual gaps that remain insufficiently addressed in existing literature. In response, the study proposes an Ubuntu-based circular model of human needs that reconceptualizes motivation as relational and community-centered rather than strictly hierarchical and individualistic. This culturally responsive extension contributes to emerging efforts to adapt classical motivation theory for application in non-Western contexts. It offers practical implications for researchers, educators, and organizational leaders working in culturally diverse environments. Keywords: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Motivation theory, Cultural limitations, Pyramid misconception, Ubuntu philosophy, Conceptual model. Download PDF Title: Maslow’s Need Hierarchy: Unveiling Praises, Criticisms, Misconceptions, and Gaps of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy 1943 Author: Fuhad A.M Bangura & Musa Jalloh Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5018 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 15/04/2026 Date of Publication: 17/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5018.pdf Free download: Available Page: 122-132 First Page: 122 Last Page: 132 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Bangura, F. A. M & Jalloh, M. (2026). Maslow’s Need Hierarchy: Unveiling Praises, Criticisms, Misconceptions, and Gaps of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy 1943, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 122-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5018 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5018.pdf About Author (s) Fuhad A.M Bangura, Institute of Public Administration and Management, University of Sierra leone, Sierra leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2821-3115 Musa Jalloh (Corresponding Author), University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1078-2995   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5018 --- ## Examining Organizational Commitment in the Banking Sector: Do CSR Practices Matter? URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-51-issue-1/8861 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-16 Examining Organizational Commitment in the Banking Sector: Do CSR Practices Matter?  Author (s) Md. Mehedi Hasan Howlader, Tanveer Rahman Tulib, & Biplob Hossain Abstract The research paper focused on how the practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect affective organizational commitment among employees working in the banking industry. It also examines the mediating roles of the employee CSR values and employee engagement in CSR in clarifying the enhancing roles of CSR initiatives in enhancing the emotional attachment of employees to their organization. Employees of Bangladesh Krishi Bank were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire as part of a quantitative research strategy. Tests for the hypotheses and mediation linkages were conducted using data obtained from 222 respondents by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that CSR practices toward employees, customers, and society significantly and positively influence affective organizational commitment. Among these dimensions, CSR toward society demonstrates the strongest effect. The findings further reveal that employee CSR values and employee engagement in CSR significantly mediate the relationship between CSR perceptions and organizational commitment, suggesting that CSR initiatives are most effective when embedded within organizational values and supported by active employee participation. This study contributes to the CSR and organizational behavior literature by highlighting the internal mechanisms through which CSR influences employee commitment. By providing empirical evidence from the banking sector in a developing economy, the study offers important theoretical and managerial insights into how organizations can leverage CSR to foster a more committed workforce. These findings extend social exchange and social identity theories by demonstrating that internalized CSR values and active CSR participation function as complementary rather than redundant mediating pathways. Keywords: Banking sector, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Employee Engagement, CSR Values, and Organizational Commitment. Download PDF Title: Examining Organizational Commitment in the Banking Sector: Do CSR Practices Matter? Author: Md. Mehedi Hasan Howlader, Tanveer Rahman Tulib, & Biplob Hossain Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2672 Media: Online Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 14/04/2026 Date of Publication: 16/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2672.pdf Free download: Available Page: 24-42 First Page: 24 Last Page: 42 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Howlader, M. M. H., Rahman Tulib, T., & Hossain, B. (2026). Examining Organizational Commitment in the Banking Sector: Do CSR Practices Matter?, International Journal of Science and Business, 51(1), 24-42.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2672 About Author (s) Md. Mehedi Hasan Howlader, Department of Management Studies, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Barishal, Kornokathi, Barishal-8254, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5934-0472 Tanveer Rahman Tulib (Corresponding Author), Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Barishal, Kornokathi, Barishal-8254, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7867-9609 Biplob Hossain, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Global Village (UGV), Barishal-8200, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3312-0933   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2672 --- ## Factors influencing social commerce behavior URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-51-issue-1/8856 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-14 Factors influencing social commerce behavior  Author (s) Munkhsukh Tsoodol, Oyuntungalag Buyantur, Altankhuyag Battuvshin, & Zaya Mashlai Abstract Social commerce has emerged as a new stage in the evolution of e-commerce, profoundly influencing consumer behavior, particularly trust-based purchase decision-making. Consequently, there is a growing need to comprehensively identify the factors that shape consumer behavior within social commerce environments. This study aims to empirically examine the effects of technological, social, consumer, and environmental factors on social commerce behavior. The investigated variables include perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, security, transparency, reviews, ratings, interaction, motivation, satisfaction, experience, legal regulation, service quality, delivery, and payment systems. Additionally, social media usage factors—content posting frequency, social media management staff, number of followers, and time spent—were evaluated in relation to sales revenue using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that service quality, information quality, system quality, perceived usefulness, ease of use, satisfaction, interaction, experience, motivation, and environmental factors exert statistically significant influences on consumer behavior. The regression analysis further reveals that the number of followers and social media management staff positively affect sales revenue, whereas content frequency shows no significant effect, and time spent exhibits a weak negative effect. These findings suggest that future research should examine the dynamic changes in consumer behavior and the differential impacts of various social commerce platforms. Keywords: Social commerce, E-commerce, Consumer behavior, Social media marketing, Trust, Purchase intention, User engagement, Sales revenue. Download PDF Title: Factors influencing social commerce behavior Author: Munkhsukh Tsoodol, Oyuntungalag Buyantur, Altankhuyag Battuvshin, & Zaya Mashlai Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2671 Media: Online Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 10/04/2026 Date of Publication: 14/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2671.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-23 First Page: 1 Last Page: 23 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Tsoodol, M., Buyantur, O., Battuvshin, A., & Mashlai, Z. (2026). Factors influencing social commerce behavior, International Journal of Science and Business, 51(1), 1-23.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2671 About Author (s) Munkhsukh Tsoodol, Department of Economics and Finance, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Oyuntungalag Buyantur, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8698 Altankhuyag Battuvshin, Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Zaya Mashlai (Corresponding Author), Department of Management and Strategy, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6502-9214   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2671 --- ## The Impact of Gamification and Customer Engagement in Loyalty Programs on Repeat Purchase Behavior URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8852 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-09 The Impact of Gamification and Customer Engagement in Loyalty Programs on Repeat Purchase Behavior  Author (s) Faria Zahan Sarna Abstract This study examines the psychological impact of gamification in loyalty programs, with a particular focus on the role of customer engagement in influencing repeat purchase behavior. Data were collected from 203 respondents in Bangladesh, many of whom actively use loyalty programs such as bKash. The study investigated the effects of several gamification elements, including Points and Rewards System (PRS), Personalization (PE), Challenges and Competitions (C&C), and Social Interaction (SI) on repeat purchase behavior (RP), with special emphasis on the mediating role of customer engagement (CE). The results revealed that customer engagement had a positive and statistically significant effect on repeat purchase behavior. However, PRS, PE, C&C, and SI did not show significant direct effects on repeat purchase behavior. Furthermore, personalization and social interaction positively influenced repeat purchase behavior through customer engagement. The findings suggest that businesses in Bangladesh should place greater emphasis on enhancing customer engagement by integrating personalized and socially interactive features into their loyalty programs. The study also highlights the need for further research on cross-cultural differences and the evolving role of gamification across different industries and contexts. Keywords: Gamification, Customer Engagement, Loyalty Programs, Repeat Purchases, Personalization. Download PDF Title: The Impact of Gamification and Customer Engagement in Loyalty Programs on Repeat Purchase Behavior Author: Faria Zahan Sarna Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5017 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 06/04/2026 Date of Publication: 09/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5017.pdf Free download: Available Page: 101-121 First Page: 101 Last Page: 121 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Sarna, F. Z. (2026). The Impact of Gamification and Customer Engagement in Loyalty Programs on Repeat Purchase Behavior, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 101-121.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5017 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5017.pdf About Author (s) Faria Zahan Sarna, Lecturer, School of Business, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6514-4754   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5017 --- ## Bridging policy and practice: A critical analysis of teacher professional development in Sierra leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8848 Type: post Modified: 2026-04-08 Bridging policy and practice: A critical analysis of teacher professional development in Sierra leone Author (s) Aiah Joseph Kamanda & Musa Fofana Abstract This article critically examines the implementation gap between teacher professional development (TPD) policies and classroom practices in Sierra Leone, identifying common barriers that hinder the translation of policy into improved teaching quality. The study adopts a policy analysis approach combined with a systematic review of documents, using policy implementation theory as an analytical framework. The analysis triangulates three data sources: national policy documents (National Teachers Policy 2019, Education Sector Plan 2022-2026, Teacher Service Commission frameworks), secondary literature including global pedagogical research and donor evaluations, and empirical administrative panel data from 2020-2023, analysed using regression techniques. Despite strong policy frameworks, TPD implementation faces significant gaps in institutional capacity, coordination mechanisms, and feedback systems. The Teacher Service Commission has only 23 district-level staff to oversee over 70,000 teachers. Around 74% of continuing professional development funding comes from development partners operating through parallel systems, with 41% of activities taking place without TSC oversight. Rural teachers are 47% less likely to access CPD than their urban counterparts (χ² = 12.47, p < .001), and only 8% of teachers receive classroom-based coaching. Monitoring systems remain underdeveloped, with only 6 of 16 districts able to provide complete CPD participation data. The findings shape four interconnected reform pillars: ensuring institutional coherence through unified national frameworks, providing classroom-embedded support systems including instructional coaching, aligning incentives by linking CPD to career progression, and enhancing monitoring and accountability systems. This article provides an integrated cross-institutional analysis moving beyond siloed government and donor reports, applies a theory-informed explanation of implementation persistence, synthesises global evidence with local institutional constraints, and contributes the first quantitative panel analysis of TPD implementation in Sierra Leone’s post-conflict education system. Key words: Teacher professional development, Policy implementation, Sierra Leone, Institutional capability, Educational reform, Sub-Saharan Africa. Download PDF Title: Bridging policy and practice: A critical analysis of teacher professional development in Sierra leone Author: Aiah Joseph Kamanda & Musa Fofana Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1183 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 05/04/2026 Date of Publication: 08/04/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1183.pdf Free download: Available Page: 252-266 First Page: 252 Last Page: 266 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kamanda, A. J., & Fofana, M. (2026). Bridging policy and practice: A critical analysis of teacher professional development in Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 252-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1183 About Author (s) Aiah Joseph Kamanda, Northeast Normal University (NENU), Changchun, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2903-2623 Musa Fofana (Corresponding Author), Northeast Normal University (NENU), Changchun, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3793-4293   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1183 --- ## The Impact of Budget Implementation on Public Institutions in the Republic of South Sudan: A Case Study of the Ministry of General Education and Instruction URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8842 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-26 The Impact of Budget Implementation on Public Institutions in the Republic of South Sudan: A Case Study of the Ministry of General Education and Instruction Author (s) John Abit Mayen Manyang, Abednego Akok Kachuol, Abraham Kuol Nyuon, & Ajang Atem Joseph Malek Abstract This paper examines how budget implementation affects the activities of the public institutions in South Sudan by using an example of the Ministry of General Education and Instruction. The design used was mixed-methods, which integrated quantitative data of structured questionnaires of 25 respondents in five institutions in the general community and qualitative data of key informant interview. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The findings reveal that political instability (β = -0.456, p < 0.001), revenue management (β = 0.378, p = 0.002), fiscal indiscipline (β = -0.341, p = 0.007), and government structure expansion (β = -0.231, p = 0.039) significantly affect budget implementation, while fiscal legislation (β = 0.142, p = 0.173) was not significant. The model explains 63.7% of the variance in budget performance (R² = 0.637). The descriptive findings reveal that, 84 percent of the respondents said that expansion in the government structure influences budget implementation, 76 percent said that political instability influences poor budget implementation, 84 percent indicated that fiscal indiscipline, and 80 percent indicated that there are deficit budgets, with only one in five indicating that they cope with the revenues well. Four out of five hypotheses were supported through hypothesis testing. The paper does conclude that the political instability, poor management of revenue, fiscal indiscipline and bloated form of government structure make the implementation of budgets ineffective and that legislation is not enough unless it is enforced. Its findings have added to the Principal-Agency Theory, Fiscal Discipline Theory, as well as the Institutional Theory, but has given practical suggestions to policy makers, financial managers, and development partners on how to enhance the financial management of the people in post conflict situations in South Sudan. Key words: Budget implementation, Public institutions, Political instability, Revenue management, Fiscal indiscipline, South Sudan. Download PDF Title: The Impact of Budget Implementation on Public Institutions in the Republic of South Sudan: A Case Study of the Ministry of General Education and Instruction Author: John Abit Mayen Manyang, Abednego Akok Kachuol, Abraham Kuol Nyuon, & Ajang Atem Joseph Malek Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1182 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 14/03/2026 Date of Publication: 26/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1182.pdf Free download: Available Page: 231-251 First Page: 231 Last Page: 251 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Manyang, J. A. M., Kachuol, A. A., Nyuon, A. K., & Malek, A. A. J. (2026). The Impact of Budget Implementation on Public Institutions in the Republic of South Sudan: A Case Study of the Ministry of General Education and Instruction, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 231-251.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1182   About Author (s) John Abit Mayen Manyang (Corresponding Author), Student of Master Degree of Public Administration, School of Business and Management, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8732-9613 Abednego Akok Kachuol, Professor of Public Administration, School Business and Management, University of Juba, South Sudan. Abraham Kuol Nyuon, Associate Professor of Political Science, Principal of Graduate College, University of Juba, South Sudan. Ajang Atem Joseph Malek, Deputy Vice Chancellor, Episcopal University, South Sudan.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1182 --- ## Economic freedom and Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8838 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-21 Economic freedom and Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya Author (s) Constance Mutisya & Francis Omondi Abstract This study examines the relationship between economic freedom and foreign direct investment in Kenya against the backdrop of fluctuating foreign direct investment inflows and efforts to strengthen the country’s investment climate. Guided by the institutional FDI fitness theory, the study employs an autoregressive distributed lag approach to analyse the short- and long-run dynamics between economic freedom and foreign direct investment. The regression results from the autoregressive distributed lag model confirm that economic freedom sub-components, particularly monetary freedom, government spending, property rights, and trade freedom, influence foreign direct investment inflows in Kenya in the long run. In the short run, the effects are limited mainly to macroeconomic variables, gross capital formation and gross domestic product growth. The study’s findings demonstrate that economic freedom is a critical determinant of foreign direct investment in Kenya. However, economic freedom attracts foreign direct investment in the long run and depends on specific subcomponents, including monetary and trade freedoms. These results highlight the importance of strengthening monetary and trade policies, as well as institutional quality, to enhance Kenya’s attractiveness to foreign investors. In addition, the National Treasury should address inefficiencies in public spending and strengthen the protection of property rights to attract foreign direct investment. Key words: Economic freedom, Foreign direct investment, Institutional quality, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model. Download PDF Title: Economic freedom and Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya Author: Constance Mutisya & Francis Omondi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1181 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 18/03/2026 Date of Publication: 21/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1181.pdf Free download: Available Page: 216-230 First Page: 216 Last Page: 230 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Mutisya, C. & Omondi, F. (2026). Economic freedom and Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 216-230.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1181 About Author (s) Constance Mutisya (Corresponding Author), Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0322-6107 Francis Omondi, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-1182   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1181 --- ## The Impact of Negative and Fake Reviews on consumer attitude and behavior towards online products URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8833 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-15 The Impact of Negative and Fake Reviews on consumer attitude and behavior towards online products  Author (s) Md. Amimul Ehasan, Tanvir Ahmed, Rabea Amrin Linat, Sazid Hasan Ruko, Md. Mohiuddin, & Rafeun Alahe Raad Abstract The rapid growth of digital commerce has made online reviews a critical source of information in consumer decision-making. However, the increasing presence of negative and fake reviews poses significant challenges for consumer trust and online marketplaces. This review paper employs a qualitative secondary research approach, synthesizing peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024 using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that negative reviews exert a stronger influence than positive ones, leading to heightened perceived risk, reduced trust, deteriorated brand attitudes, and lower purchase intention. Additionally, fake reviews distort information credibility, complicate consumer decision-making, and undermine confidence in digital platforms. By synthesizing fragmented evidence across peer-reviewed studies, this review provides an integrated framework demonstrating that negative and fake reviews operate through distinct psychological mechanisms—product-level risk versus system-level distrust—necessitating differentiated mitigation strategies for platforms, managers, and policymakers to preserve e-commerce integrity. Keywords: Online Reviews, Digital Commerce, Consumer Decision-Making, Purchase Intention, Consumer Trust. Download PDF Title: The Impact of Negative and Fake Reviews on consumer attitude and behavior towards online products Author: Md. Amimul Ehasan, Tanvir Ahmed, Rabea Amrin Linat, Sazid Hasan Ruko, Md. Mohiuddin, & Rafeun Alahe Raad Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5016 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 13/03/2026 Date of Publication: 15/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5016.pdf Free download: Available Page: 82-100 First Page: 82 Last Page: 100 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Ehasan, M. A., Ahmed, T., Linat, R. A., Ruko, S. H., Mohiuddin, M., & Raad, R. A. (2026). The Impact of Negative and Fake Reviews on consumer attitude and behavior towards online products, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 82-100.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5016 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5016.pdf About Author (s) Md. Amimul Ehasan, Assistant Professor (Management Studies), Department of Business Administration, Z.H. Sikder University of Science and Technology, University, Bhedarganj, District: Shariatpur – 8024, Bangladesh. Tanvir Ahmed (Corresponding Author), Lecturer (Marketing), Department of Business Administration, Z.H. Sikder University of Science and Technology, University, Bhedarganj, District: Shariatpur – 8024, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4896-003X Rabea Amrin Linat, Undergraduate Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Barishal, Barishal-8254, Bangladesh. Sazid Hasan Ruko, Lecturer (AIS), Department of Business Administration, Z.H. Sikder University of Science and Technology, University, Bhedarganj, District: Shariatpur – 8024, Bangladesh. Md. Mohiuddin, Assistant Professor (Finance), Department of Business Administration, Z.H. Sikder University of Science and Technology, University, Bhedarganj, District: Shariatpur – 8024, Bangladesh. Rafeun Alahe Raad, Department of Marketing, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5016 --- ## Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices and Their Economic Implications in Large and Small Ruminant Enterprises in Koinadugu District, Northern Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8775 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-13 Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices and Their Economic Implications in Large and Small Ruminant Enterprises in Koinadugu District, Northern Sierra Leone Author (s) Princess Sallay Kamara, Alusine Frederick Kargbo, Marshall Gibrill Mansaray, & Augusta Adama Koroma Abstract This study assessed the adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural practices and their economic implications among livestock farmers in Koinadugu District, Northern Sierra Leone. A mixed-method approach employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 200 livestock farmers through multi-stage sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that farmers were predominantly young (40.0% aged 20-30 years) with equal gender participation (50.0% male, 50.0% female), and 76.5% had some formal education. Farmers perceived significant climate change impacts, with 94.5% reporting changes in seasonal patterns including prolonged dry seasons, reduced harmattan periods, and warmer harmattan seasons. Livestock smart technology was the most adopted Climate-Smart Agricultural practice, while energy/carbon smart technology was the least adopted. Hypothesis testing confirmed that income and education significantly influenced CSA adoption (p < 0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that awareness of CSA (β = 0.281, p < 0.001), access to extension services (β = 0.245, p < 0.001), technology utilization (β = 0.221, p < 0.001), and adoption of CSA practices (β = 0.312, p < 0.001) significantly enhanced economic performance, collectively explaining 49.1% of its variation. Major constraints included poor access to climate adaptation strategies (100.0%), the tedious nature of CSA strategies (97.0%), and difficulties in feed preparation (100.0%). The study concludes that enhancing farmer education, strengthening extension services, improving access to information through radio and mobile phones, and addressing economic constraints through credit mechanisms are critical for promoting CSA adoption and improving the livelihoods of livestock farmers in Sierra Leone. Key words: Climate-smart agriculture, livestock farmers, adoption, economic implications, smallholder farmers, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices and Their Economic Implications in Large and Small Ruminant Enterprises in Koinadugu District, Northern Sierra Leone Author: Princess Sallay Kamara, Alusine Frederick Kargbo, Marshall Gibrill Mansaray, & Augusta Adama Koroma Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1179 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 08/03/2026 Date of Publication: 10/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1179.pdf Free download: Available Page: 169-198 First Page: 169 Last Page: 198 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kamara, P. S., Kargbo, A. F., Mansaray, M. G., & Koroma, A. A. (2026). Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices and Their Economic Implications in Large and Small Ruminant Enterprises in Koinadugu District, Northern Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 169-198.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1179 About Author (s) Princess Sallay Kamara, Department of Agriculture and food security, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology, Makeni, Sierra Leone & Northern Polytechnic, Makeni Campus , Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1174-832X Alusine Frederick Kargbo (Corresponding Author), Research Scholar, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, PR China & Department of Economics, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1679-5034 Marshall Gibrill Mansaray, Sustainable  Development Studies Department, University of Makeni, Makeni City, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1620-8820 Augusta Adama Koroma, Senior Administrative Assistant, Examination Department, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology, Makeni City, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5786-9877   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1179 --- ## Stakeholder Interactions, Systemic Gaps, and Governance Solutions for Circular Fashion: A Structured Review URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8784 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-13 Stakeholder Interactions, Systemic Gaps, and Governance Solutions for Circular Fashion: A Structured Review Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain, A.B.M. Faqrul Alam & Mohammad Monower Hossain Abstract The global fashion industry is undergoing increasing scrutiny as environmental degradation, resource intensity, and social inequities expose the need for more coherent and circular system architectures. Achieving this transition requires coordinated action across designers, manufacturers, retailers, consumers, and policymakers, yet meaningful progress remains constrained by fragmented responsibilities and uneven capabilities across the value chain. This study conducts a PRISMA‑guided systematic review of 121 records, synthesizing 33 peer‑reviewed articles to examine how stakeholder roles, interactions, and interface dynamics influence the advancement of circular fashion. The thematic analysis, supported by VOS‑based conceptual mapping, reveals that early design decisions shape the majority of life‑cycle impacts, manufacturing performance depends on stable governance and buyer alignment, retail environments largely determine consumer uptake of circular behaviours, and policy instruments such as due diligence and extended producer responsibility provide essential but inconsistently applied regulatory foundations. Across these domains, the review identifies critical systemic misalignments including non‑comparable data structures, misaligned incentives, fragmented sustainability signals, and capability gaps that disproportionately affect suppliers in global sourcing regions. To address these challenges, the paper proposes an integrated governance blueprint built on transparent and interoperable information flows, circular design principles, retail‑anchored service ecosystems, and harmonized regulatory standards that support supplier participation and long‑term capability building. By conceptualizing circular fashion as a coordinated governance challenge rather than a collection of independent initiatives, this review offers a practical pathway for strengthening system coherence and accelerating sustainable transformation across the fashion ecosystem. Key words: Sustainable fashion, Circular Economy, Supply Chain Transparency, Policy and Governance, Design of Longevity, Stakeholder Interaction. Download PDF Title: Stakeholder Interactions, Systemic Gaps, and Governance Solutions for Circular Fashion: A Structured Review Author: Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain, A.B.M. Faqrul Alam & Mohammad Monower Hossain Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1180 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/03/2026 Date of Publication: 13/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1180.pdf Free download: Available Page: 199-215 First Page: 199 Last Page: 215 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Hossain, K. M. I., Alam, A. B. M. F., & Hossain, M. M. (2026). Stakeholder Interactions, Systemic Gaps, and Governance Solutions for Circular Fashion: A Structured Review , Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 199-215.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1180 About Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain (Corresponding Author), Centre for Higher Studies and Research (CHSR), Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4403-0329 A.B.M. Faqrul Alam, Sustainability Department, Urmi Group, SAM Tower, Gulshan-1, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8900-411X Mohammad Monower Hossain, Sustainability Department, Team Group, ABC Heritage, Sector-3, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2034-7578   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1180 --- ## The Impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area on Rwanda’s Horticultural Export Competitiveness: A Post-2023 Analysis URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8769 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-10 The Impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area on Rwanda’s Horticultural Export Competitiveness: A Post-2023 Analysis  Author (s) Eric Twambajimana, Cyprien Nyandwi, & Onyango Maurice Abstract The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to boost intra-African trade by eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers. This study examines AfCFTA’s impact on Rwanda’s horticultural export competitiveness during the post-2023 Guided Trade Initiative. Using a descriptive research design, secondary data were drawn from NAEB Rwanda annual reports and export databases, NISR Statistical Yearbook 2024, MINAGRI Rwanda sector reports, RDB export promotion reports, AfCFTA Secretariat reports, e-Tariff Book (2024), World Bank Rwanda Economic Update, and WTO Tariff Analysis Online, covering fiscal years 2020/2021 to 2023/2024. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, trend analysis, Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices, and comparative tariff analysis, and an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model tested the causal relations of AfCFTA tariff liberation and horticultural export competitiveness in Rwanda. Findings indicate horticultural exports grew at a 32.1% CAGR, reaching $75 million in 2023/2024, driven by vegetables ($42.3 million) and fruits ($30.6 million), while flowers declined by 80.7%. The AfCFTA reduced average tariffs from 21.0% to 5.8% in non-REC markets; however, only 4.9% of exports reached new AfCFTA destinations, with DR Congo (49.6%) and Europe (36.5%) remaining dominant. RCA analysis confirmed a strong advantage in chili peppers (6.34), avocados (5.12), and French beans (4.92), but a disadvantage in flowers (0.43). Infrastructure deficits, transport costs, and limited Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) compliance constrain market diversification. The study recommends cold chain investment, regulatory strengthening, and smallholder capacity building. Keywords: Continental Free Trade, Export Competitiveness, Horticulture, Rwanda, Revealed Comparative Advantage. Download PDF Title: The Impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area on Rwanda’s Horticultural Export Competitiveness: A Post-2023 Analysis Author: Eric Twambajimana, Cyprien Nyandwi, & Onyango Maurice Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5015 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 06/03/2026 Date of Publication: 10/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5015.pdf Free download: Available Page: 65-81 First Page: 65 Last Page: 81 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Twambajimana, E., Nyandwi, C., & Maurice, O. (2026). The Impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area on Rwanda’s Horticultural Export Competitiveness: A Post-2023 Analysis, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 65-81.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5015 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5015.pdf About Author (s) Eric Twambajimana (Corresponding Author), Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics and Management, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0658-6212 Cyprien Nyandwi, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4521-9896 Onyango Maurice, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5687-1416   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5015 --- ## A Philosophical Framework: Integrating Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology in Edge-AI Flood Early Warning System Design URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8766 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-10 A Philosophical Framework: Integrating Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology in Edge-AI Flood Early Warning System Design Author (s) Dania Eridani & Mochamad Agung Wibowo Abstract The development of the Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) currently uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to predict real-time floods at the local node with limited resources. However, the literature does not yet explore ontology, epistemology, and axiology in FEWS. This manuscript provides a comprehensive philosophical framework that integrates those three dimensions to strengthen the research design, methodological coherence, and ethical accountability in Edge-AI-based FEWS (EAI-FEWS). Using a conceptual review approach, this manuscript analyzes how ontology commitment in the distributed edge architecture constrains the epistemological method for generating knowledge. How axiology prioritizes equity and response time, how building the system boundary shapes the whole process, and how other dimensions interact across the research process. The framework proposed provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in developing a disaster management system, emphasizing that technical advancement must be grounded in a clear philosophy to produce a rigorous, socially responsible system, with operational viability. This manuscript contributes to the responsible use of AI in critical infrastructure by explaining the philosophical assumptions underlying edge computation in disaster management. Key words: Axiology, EAI-FEWS, Epistemology, Ontology, Philosophical framework. Download PDF Title: A Philosophical Framework: Integrating Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology in Edge-AI Flood Early Warning System Design Author: Dania Eridani & Mochamad Agung Wibowo Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1178 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 03/03/2026 Date of Publication: 10/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1178.pdf Free download: Available Page: 156-168 First Page: 156 Last Page: 168 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Eridani, D., & Wibowo, M. A. (2026). A Philosophical Framework: Integrating Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology in Edge-AI Flood Early Warning System Design, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 156-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1178 About Author (s) Dania Eridani (Corresponding Author), Computer Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-3487 Mochamad Agung Wibowo, Doctoral Program of Information Systems, Postgraduate School, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-9107   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1178 --- ## Impact of Compensation, Work Safety, Performance Appraisal, Training, & Employee Involvement on Employee Performance in PT Wahana Cipta Concretindo URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8763 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-09 Impact of Compensation, Work Safety, Performance Appraisal, Training, & Employee Involvement on Employee Performance in PT Wahana Cipta Concretindo  Author (s) Dhiane Febriany Abstract This study aims to examine the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on employee job performance at PT. Wahana Cipta Concretindo. The HRM practices explored in this research include compensation, work safety, performance appraisal, training, and employee involvement. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 200 employees across various departments within the company and analyzed through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with SEM-PLS software. The findings of this study highlight that effective implementation of HRM practices plays a vital role in enhancing employee performance. The results emphasize that a well-structured HRM system that focuses on fairness, employee development, and workplace safety contributes significantly to employee motivation, productivity, and commitment. This research contributes theoretically to the understanding of HRM’s strategic importance in improving organizational outcomes and provides practical implications for managers in designing and optimizing HRM policies to achieve higher levels of employee performance and organizational effectiveness. Keywords: Human Resource Management, Employee Performance, Compensation, Work Safety, Performance Appraisal, Training, Employee Involvement. Download PDF Title: Impact of Compensation, Work Safety, Performance Appraisal, Training, & Employee Involvement on Employee Performance in PT Wahana Cipta Concretindo Author: Dhiane Febriany Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2660 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 05/03/2026 Date of Publication: 09/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2660.pdf Free download: Available Page: 141-156 First Page: 141 Last Page: 156 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Febriany, D. (2026). Impact of Compensation, Work Safety, Performance Appraisal, Training, & Employee Involvement on Employee Performance in PT Wahana Cipta Concretindo, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2660   About Author (s) Dhiane Febriany, Economics and Business Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Surabaya, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3247-3638   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2660 --- ## Skills mismatch and Youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical evidence of Labor market frictions in Sierra Leone and Ghana URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8759 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-07 Skills mismatch and Youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical evidence of Labor market frictions in Sierra Leone and Ghana Author (s) Bi Vali Martial Landry Gohi Abstract Despite the persistent high youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa, the mechanisms that link education to labor-market outcomes remain contested. This study investigates whether skills mismatches and the labor market frictions that shape job matching systematically explain youth unemployment in two West African countries, Sierra Leone and Ghana, and whether these relationships differ across institutional contexts. Using nationally representative labor force/household survey microdata restricted to the internationally recognized youth age range, data were collected from 1200 participants, 720 from Sierra Leone and 480 from Ghana. We estimate multivariate binary-outcome models in which youth unemployment is explained by vertical skills mismatch, horizontal skills mismatch, and labor market frictions, controlling for education and geography. Descriptively, youth unemployment averages 18% in Ghana and 24% in Sierra Leone, alongside substantial mismatch (vertical mismatch: 0.31 vs 0.27; horizontal mismatch: 0.38 vs 0.41) and prolonged job searches (6.2 vs 8.4 months). Baseline estimates show that mismatches and frictions are strong predictors of unemployment in the pooled sample: vertical mismatches (β = 0.214, SE = 0.032), horizontal mismatches (β = 0.147, SE = 0.028), and labor market frictions (β = 0.268, SE = 0.041) are all positive and statistically significant (implying odds-ratio increases of roughly 24%, 16%, and 31%, respectively). Country-split results indicate larger penalties in Sierra Leone (e.g., vertical mismatch 0.261; frictions 0.331) than in Ghana (vertical mismatch 0.182; frictions 0.214), consistent with tighter institutional constraints. Robustness checks confirm that key coefficients remain substantively similar under alternative mismatch measures (e.g., vertical mismatch 0.214 → 0.198) and under alternative estimators (probit and fixed effects), supporting the stability of the core findings. These findings indicate that alleviating youth unemployment necessitates policies that simultaneously tackle education-job alignment and the obstacles that hinder effective matching. Key words: Youth unemployment, skills mismatch, labor market frictions, Ghana, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Skills mismatch and Youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical evidence of Labor market frictions in Sierra Leone and Ghana Author: Bi Vali Martial Landry Gohi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1177 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 03/03/2026 Date of Publication: 07/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1177.pdf Free download: Available Page: 129-155 First Page: 129 Last Page: 155 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Gohi, B. V. M. L. (2026). Skills mismatch and Youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical evidence of Labor market frictions in Sierra Leone and Ghana, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 129-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1177 About Author (s) Bi Vali Martial Landry Gohi, PhD Candidate in Labor Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS), Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5103-9464   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1177 --- ## AI-Based Fraud Detection and Customer Protection in Online Markets: Balancing Transaction Security and Enhancing Digital Payment Adoption URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8754 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-06 AI-Based Fraud Detection and Customer Protection in Online Markets: Balancing Transaction Security and Enhancing Digital Payment Adoption  Author (s) Abu Bakarr Koroma, Nabia Joanna Mansaray, Adiatu S. Kanu, & Matilda Khan Abstract The rapid global adoption of digital payments has precipitated an escalating arms race against sophisticated financial fraud, creating a critical tension between implementing robust security measures and maintaining a frictionless user experience that fosters acceptance. Advanced, current, AI-driven fraud detection systems often operate in silos, lack adaptive mechanisms against evolving threats, and fail to explicitly optimise for customer-centric outcomes like trust and satisfaction. To fill these gaps, this study proposes, develops, and validates the Adaptive Security-Trust Equilibrium (ASTE) Framework, a new AI system that aims to find a balance between security and the use of digital payments. The framework synergises a multi-layered transaction risk engine (utilising an extended isolation forest and a stacked ensemble of LightGBM and DNN classifiers), a temporal graph neural network for detecting collusive fraud rings, adaptive behavioural biometrics for continuous authentication, and an Explainable AI (XAI) interface for transparency. Validated on a large-scale amalgamated dataset of over 1.5 million transactions (3.2% fraud rate) synthesised from public and synthetic sources, the ASTE Framework demonstrated superior performance. It achieved a fraud detection F₂ score of 0.891 (recall: 0.924) while reducing the false positive rate to 0.8%, which translated to a 52% reduction in the customer friction index compared to a random forest baseline. The framework extended prior models by formally integrating graph-based relational analysis and a dynamic user trust score into a meta-fusion decision layer. Robustness checks confirmed stable performance under temporal drift and noisy data conditions. Simulations indicated a projected 22.4% increase in median user trust scores and a strong positive correlation (*r* = 0.71) between XAI explanations and user confidence. The findings confirm that a holistic, adaptive, and explainable AI architecture can successfully reconcile the security-adoption paradox, offering a viable path for payment providers to enhance protection, improve customer experience, and support secure financial inclusion. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Fraud Detection, Digital Payments, Customer Trust, Explainable AI (XAI). Download PDF Title: AI-Based Fraud Detection and Customer Protection in Online Markets: Balancing Transaction Security and Enhancing Digital Payment Adoption Author: Abu Bakarr Koroma, Nabia Joanna Mansaray, Adiatu S. Kanu, & Matilda Khan Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5014 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 02/03/2026 Date of Publication: 06/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5014.pdf Free download: Available Page: 44-64 First Page: 44 Last Page: 64 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Koroma, A. B., Mansaray, N. J., Kanu, A. S., & Khan, M. (2026). AI-Based Fraud Detection and Customer Protection in Online Markets: Balancing Transaction Security and Enhancing Digital Payment Adoption, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 44-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5014 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5014.pdf About Author (s) Abu Bakarr Koroma (Corresponding Author), Center for West African Studies (CWAS), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China; School of Economics and Management (SEM) of UESTC, Chengdu, China, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone, & Specializing Master & Lifelong Learning, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3613-104X Nabia Joanna Mansaray, Institute of Public Administration and Management (IPAM), University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone  &  School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1611-5255 Adiatu S. Kanu, Postgraduate Studies, School of Social Sciences and Law, Njala University, Sierra Leone,  School of Postgraduate Studies, Department of Public Health, University of Makeni (UNIMAK), Sierra Leone, & District Health Management Team (DHMT), Bombali, Ministry of Health (MoH), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6719-5176 Matilda Khan, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China & Department of Social Work, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7231-5218   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5014 --- ## The Interplay of Environmental Responsibility, Social Influence, and Price Transparency in Driving Green Purchase Behavior of students URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8744 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-06 The Interplay of Environmental Responsibility, Social Influence, and Price Transparency in Driving Green Purchase Behavior of students  Author (s) Raihan Sharif, Md. Ashik Chowdhury, Janifar Rahman, Mst. Nazmin Akter, & Mohammad Nasir Hossain Abstract Bangladesh, one of South Asia’s fastest-growing economies (ranked 35th globally by the IMF as of April 2025), possesses a significant demographic strength in its large and youthful population. This population is demonstrating a notable shift in consumption patterns, particularly towards green products. Driven by growing global and local concerns over food safety, this study investigates the factors motivating young Bangladeshi consumers to choose sustainable goods. In particular, it looks at the effects of information accessibility, peer pressure, and environmental consciousness. In order to help businesses and governments better understand young people’s decision-making and encourage green consumption, the study attempts to identify and rank the significance of these aspects. This study uses a structured questionnaire designed by reviewing recent research in this area and samples are selected based on non-probability sampling methods. The study was conducted on the undergraduate and graduate level students of a residential university of Bangladesh. In this work, the results are analyzed and a model is developed using the structural equation model. This study demonstrates the importance of subjective norms and perceived environmental responsibility in influencing green shopping decisions. In order to encourage students to make green purchases, this study recommends focusing on the elements associated with environmental responsibility and subjective norms. Keywords: Green purchase, sociodemographic variables, purchasing behavior, Bangladesh. Download PDF Title: The Interplay of Environmental Responsibility, Social Influence, and Price Transparency in Driving Green Purchase Behavior of students Author: Raihan Sharif, Md. Ashik Chowdhury, Janifar Rahman, Mst. Nazmin Akter, & Mohammad Nasir Hossain Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2658 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 03/03/2026 Date of Publication: 06/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2658.pdf Free download: Available Page: 108-121 First Page: 108 Last Page: 121 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Sharif, R., Chowdhury, M. A., Rahman, J., Akter, M. N & Hossain, M. N. (2026). The Interplay of Environmental Responsibility, Social Influence, and Price Transparency in Driving Green Purchase Behavior of students, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 108-121. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2658   About Author (s) Raihan Sharif, Associate Professor, Institute of Business Administration, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Md. Ashik Chowdhury, MBA, Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Janifar Rahman, Lecturer, Department of Science & Humanities (SH), Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh Mst. Nazmin Akter, Lecturer, Department of Development Studies, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Mohammad Nasir Hossain (Corresponding author), Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Comilla University, Comilla, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7726-8713   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2658 --- ## The Influence of Live Streamer, Products, and Internet Reviews Towards Buying Behavior Through Trust and Impulsiveness of XYZ Store’s Customers URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8748 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-06 The Influence of Live Streamer, Products, and Internet Reviews Towards Buying Behavior Through Trust and Impulsiveness of XYZ Store’s Customers  Author (s) Hanna Christine Abstract Understanding the buying behavior of the customers is crucial to understand the wants and needs of the consumers. This study aims to understand the influence of live streamer, products, and internet reviews towards buying behavior through trust and impulsiveness of XYZ Store in Surabaya’s customers. This study was conducted by analyzing the responses of 95 customers by using the non-probability sampling method. The results of the questionnaire were then analyzed by using SEM-PLS to understand the relationship between the variables. The result of this study shows that live streamer has a significant impact towards buying behavior through trust and impulsiveness, while products and internet reviews create a significant relationship towards trust, but not impulsiveness. This research creates implications towards marketing strategies regarding Buying Behavior, which enhances the knowledge on XYZ Store in Surabaya’s consumers in the market. Keywords: Live Streamer, Products, Internet Reviews, Trust, Impulsiveness, Buying Behavior. Download PDF Title: The Influence of Live Streamer, Products, and Internet Reviews Towards Buying Behavior Through Trust and Impulsiveness of XYZ Store’s Customers Author: Hanna Christine Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2659 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 02/03/2026 Date of Publication: 06/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2659.pdf Free download: Available Page: 122-140 First Page: 122 Last Page: 140 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Christine, H. (2026). The Influence of Live Streamer, Products, and Internet Reviews Towards Buying Behavior Through Trust and Impulsiveness of XYZ Store’s Customers, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 122-140.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2659   About Author (s) Hanna Christine, Economics and Business Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Surabaya, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9053-199X   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2659 --- ## Tax Evasion and Public Financial Management Effectiveness in Post-Conflict South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8738 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-03 Tax Evasion and Public Financial Management Effectiveness in Post-Conflict South Sudan  Author (s) Akech Ayak Majak Deng, Abraham Kuol Nyuon, & Maxwell Adea Abstract Post-independent South Sudan faces significant challenges in establishing effective governance and public financial management (PFM), with widespread tax evasion emerging as a major impediment to domestic revenue mobilization. This study examines the impact of tax evasion on PFM effectiveness using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through a structured survey of 90 South Sudan Revenue Authority (SSRA) officials, with a 90% response rate, while 12 in-depth interviews provided qualitative insights. Descriptive and inferential statistics, alongside thematic analysis, were employed to analyze the data. Findings indicate that tax evasion profoundly undermines fiscal stability, public service quality, economic equity, public trust, and decision-making processes, with an overall mean impact score of 4.24 on a five-point scale (p < 0.001, Table 2). Correlation analyses reveal strong interconnections among these dimensions, particularly between public services quality and public trust (r = 0.71, p < 0.01, Table 2). Qualitative findings corroborate these results, highlighting revenue shortfalls, service deterioration, and erosion of citizen trust. The study concludes that tax evasion constitutes a systemic threat to PFM in South Sudan, emphasizing the need for institutional capacity building, strengthened enforcement, public awareness campaigns, and strategic policy interventions. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for policymakers aiming to enhance fiscal resilience and state legitimacy in fragile post-conflict contexts. This study makes a novel contribution by providing the first empirical evidence from South Sudan on the systemic relationship between tax evasion and PFM effectiveness, demonstrating that revenue leakage creates cascading effects across fiscal stability, service delivery, and public trust. The findings offer evidence-based guidance for policymakers in fragile post-conflict contexts seeking to strengthen domestic revenue mobilization. Keywords: Tax Evasion, Public Financial Management, Fiscal Stability, Public Services Quality, Economic Equity, Post-Conflict Governance, South Sudan. Download PDF Title: Tax Evasion and Public Financial Management Effectiveness in Post-Conflict South Sudan Author: Akech Ayak Majak Deng, Abraham Kuol Nyuon, & Maxwell Adea Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2657 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/02/2026 Date of Publication: 03/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2657.pdf Free download: Available Page: 94-107 First Page: 94 Last Page: 107 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Deng, A. A. M., Nyuon, A. K., & Adea, M. (2026). Tax Evasion and Public Financial Management Effectiveness in Post-Conflict South Sudan, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 94-107.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2657   About Author (s) Akech Ayak Majak Deng, PhD Candidate, School Business and Management, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3792-0764 Abraham Kuol Nyuon (Corresponding Author), Principal of Graduate College, University of Juba, South Sudan. Maxwell Adea, Deputy Principal of Graduate College, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2657 --- ## Fee and Payment Process URL: https://www.ijsab.com/fee-and-payment-process Type: page Modified: 2026-03-03 Paper Publication Fees Fee Type Promotional Fee (Current) Original Fee (Future) Online Publication Fee USD 65 (Corresponding author from all countries excluding China & Bangladesh) / RMB 425 (Corresponding author from China) / BDT 5,000 (Corresponding author from Bangladesh) + Transaction fee (if any) for up to 4 authors. For more than 4 authors, additional charges apply: USD 10 / 60 RMB / 300 BDT per author. USD 93 / RMB 550 / BDT 6,000 Online + Print Publication Fee (for 3 printed copies) USD 130 (All countries) / RMB 900 (China) / BDT 6,500 (Bangladesh) + Transaction fee (if any) USD 200 / RMB 1,200 / BDT 9,000 Publication Certificate (Optional: You may request a PDF certificate of publication if needed; otherwise, no payment is required.) 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Both sender and receiver will receive confirmation. Verify payment here. UnionPay For account details, contact editor@ijsab.com or shamimuibe@yahoo.com. After payment, visit Verify Your Payment. PayPal To obtain the PayPal account, contact editor@ijsab.com. Steps: Ask the editor for the PayPal account details. Send the payment via PayPal. Send a screenshot or picture of your payment confirmation. After payment, verify here. --- ## Journal of Market Research URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr Type: page Modified: 2026-03-03 Journal of Market Research (JMR) The Journal of Market Research (JMR) is an international academic journal publishing high-quality research in Marketing, Finance, and Economics. JMR provides a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners to share innovative ideas, empirical findings, and theoretical advancements. About JMR JMR publishes original research articles, review papers, and case studies across diverse areas of marketing, finance, and economics. The journal encourages interdisciplinary approaches and promotes scholarly discussion that contributes to both theoretical and practical knowledge. Through rigorous academic standards and quality review processes, JMR supports the advancement of research and fosters meaningful engagement among academics, policymakers, and industry professionals worldwide. Scope Marketing: Consumer Behavior and Decision-Making, Digital and Social Media Marketing, Brand Equity and Reputation Management, Market Segmentation and Targeting Strategies, Advertising, Promotion and Public Relations, Customer Experience and Service Marketing Finance: Corporate Finance and Capital Structure, Investment Strategies and Portfolio Management, Financial Risk Management and Derivatives, Behavioral Finance and Investor Psychology, Banking, Fintech and Financial Innovation, Mergers, Acquisitions and Corporate Governance Economics: Macroeconomic Policy and Economic Growth, Microeconomic Theory and Consumer Choice, International Trade and Global Markets, Economic Development and Emerging Markets, Game Theory and Market Competition, Sustainable Economics and Environmental Policy Types of Publications JMR publishes original research articles, review papers, and case studies in the fields of Marketing, Finance, and Economics. The journal welcomes empirical research, conceptual studies, analytical models, and applied research that contribute to academic and professional practice. ISSN 3106-549X Published Issues Access all published issues here: View All Issues → Submission Authors are encouraged to submit high-quality manuscripts that align with the scope of the journal. Submission Guidelines Submit Your Manuscript --- ## Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr Type: page Modified: 2026-03-03 Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR) The Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR), published by IJSAB-International, is a peer-reviewed and open access multidisciplinary international journal covering Science, Engineering, and Business. JSR provides a global platform for researchers to share their latest findings and engage in meaningful academic discourse. About JSR JSR ensures high-quality publications through a rigorous peer-review process and follows a full open access policy, making scientific knowledge freely available worldwide. Currently, JSR is exclusively available online, ensuring global accessibility for researchers and students. The journal promotes scientific literacy and advances knowledge by publishing high-quality multidisciplinary research. It fosters collaboration, exchange of ideas, and academic engagement across diverse scientific communities. Version JSR is available Online & Print. Subject Areas Journal of Scientific Reports publishes original research across Science, Engineering, Business and other multidisciplinary fields. Science Field: Agricultural Science, Computer Science, Food Science, Statistics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Ecology, Linguistics, Microbiology, Physics, Psychology, Zoology, Mathematics, Bio-security, Environmental Science Engineering Field: Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Engineering, Molecular Engineering, Process Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Structural Engineering, Mining Engineering, Transport Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Interdisciplinary & Food Science Business Field: Management, Marketing, International Business, Hotel & Tourism, Finance, Economics, Banking, Accounting, HRM, Entrepreneurship Development, Business Ethics, Financial Engineering, International Relations Other Field: Language & Literature, Environmental Studies, Media Studies, Communication & Culture, Citizenship Studies, Health & Social Care, History, Cultural Studies, Humanities Types of Publications JSR publishes original research papers, empirical research, review papers, conceptual frameworks, case studies, analytical models, book reviews, and technical notes. Special Issues dedicated to significant topics in science, engineering, and business may be published occasionally. Publication Method No specific date: manuscripts are published one by one as they are accepted. ISSN 2708-7085 (Online) & 3079-9317 (Print) Published Issues Access all published issues here: View All Issues → Submission Guidelines Authors are requested to follow the submission guidelines carefully to ensure a smooth review process. View Full Guidelines Submit Your Manuscript   --- ## International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/ijsb Type: page Modified: 2026-03-03 International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB) IJSB is a peer-reviewed international scholarly journal that publishes original manuscripts on a wide range of topics in business studies. Additionally, IJSB welcomes research that explores scientific aspects with practical relevance and value to business-related topics. Areas of interest include accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, information technology, and applied sciences with business implications. Version IJSB is published in both printed and online versions. Subjects Covered 📊 Accounting: Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, Government Accounting, Public Sector Accounting, Auditing & Assurance Services, Applied Science in Accounting 💰 Finance: Corporate Finance, Public Finance, Behavioral Finance, Financial Markets & Institutions, Investment Analysis, Applied Science in Finance 📈 Marketing: Digital Marketing, Consumer Behavior, Brand Management, Marketing Analytics, Social Media Marketing, Applied Science in Marketing 🏨 Hospitality and Tourism: Hospitality Management, Tourism Planning & Development, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Marketing, Event Management, Applied Science in Hospitality and Tourism 🏢 Management: Strategic Management, Human Resource Management, Operations Management, Organizational Behavior, Supply Chain Management, Applied Science in Management 🚀 Entrepreneurship: Small Business Management, Start-up Ecosystems, Social Entrepreneurship, Innovation & New Ventures, Applied Science in Entrepreneurship 💻 Information Technology: Management Information Systems, E-Business & E-Commerce, IT Governance, Data Analytics & Business Intelligence, Cybersecurity, Applied Science in Information Technology 🧪 Applied Sciences with Business Implications: Industrial Engineering, Environmental Science & Policy, Technology Adoption in Business, Data Science Applications in Business, Applied Science in Industrial Engineering Publication Method No specific date: manuscripts are published one by one as they are accepted. ISSN 2520-4750 (Online) & 2521-3040 (Print) Published Issues Access all published issues here: View All Issues → Indexing IJSB is indexed in leading academic platforms and in the digital libraries of top universities and research centers. View Full Details → Submission Guidelines Authors are requested to follow the submission guidelines carefully to ensure a smooth review process. Submit manuscripts in Word format. Ensure originality and proper citations. Follow journal formatting and style requirements. View Full Guidelines Submit Your Manuscript --- ## Call for Papers URL: https://www.ijsab.com/call-for-paper-2 Type: page Modified: 2026-03-03 About IJSAB International:IJSAB International proudly publishes three distinguished peer-reviewed journals: the International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB), the Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR), and the Journal of Market Research (JMR). These journals are committed to advancing knowledge across diverse disciplines, including science, engineering, business, finance, marketing, and economics. International Journal of Science and Business (IJSB):IJSB is an open-access, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles. The journal promotes the dissemination of innovative research in science, engineering, and business, aiming to generate new knowledge and theoretical contributions that benefit society. Journal of Scientific Reports (JSR):JSR is a peer-reviewed mega-journal that covers a broad spectrum of scientific and applied disciplines. It encourages the exchange of ideas among researchers worldwide and provides a dynamic online platform for sharing original research and scholarly insights. Journal of Market Research (JMR):JMR publishes original research articles, reviews, and case studies in marketing, finance, and economics. The journal aims to advance theoretical and practical understanding in areas such as consumer behavior, corporate finance, investment strategies, macroeconomic and microeconomic analysis, international trade, and sustainable economic policy. Call for Papers:IJSAB International invites researchers, academics, engineers, practitioners, scholars, and postgraduate students to submit their original manuscripts for publication in upcoming issues. All submissions undergo a rigorous peer-review process. We are committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic quality while ensuring an efficient and timely publication process. Note: IJSAB International publishes papers one by one (continuously), so authors do not have to wait more than 4 days after final acceptance to publish manuscript online. Submission Guidelines: Manuscripts should adhere to the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. All submissions must be original and previously unpublished. 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Warm regards, Editor IJSAB International Email: editor@ijsab.com --- ## Strengthening Public institutions: The impact of Accountability mechanisms on Corruption reduction URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8673 Type: post Modified: 2026-03-03 Strengthening Public institutions: The impact of Accountability mechanisms on Corruption reduction Author (s) Maxwell Adea, Kadian Wanyama Wanyomyi, & Malong Ring Malual Abstract Corruption continues to undermine public sector (PS) performance, weaken institutional legitimacy, and erode public trust across global, regional, and national contexts (World Bank, 2023).  This study investigates the impact of accountability mechanism on corruption reduction, grounding the analysis in Accountability Theory and Utilitarian Theory.  Using a pragmatistic research philosophy, a mixed – methods design, and primary data collected from the South Sudan Revenue Authority (SSRA), findings reveal that accountability significantly reduces corruption when implemented effectively and efficiently.  Of 267 sampled officials, 263 participated.  Quantitative results show that 36.33% strongly agree and 30.71 agree that accountability mechanisms influence corruption reduction within the SSRA, supported by regression analysis.  Qualitative insights highlight systemic constraints, gaps in enforcement, and the importance of transparency initiatives.  The study concludes that strengthening accountability mechanisms and aligning government policies and regulations with anti-corruption goals are the most powerful levels for minimizing malpractices and improving PS performance in the RoSS.  This article, therefore, recommends strengthening institutional safeguards, enhancing trainings, and adopting global best practices to sustainably reduce corruption. Key words: Accountability mechanisms, Corruption reduction, Public institutions, Governance, SSRA. Download PDF Title: Strengthening Public institutions: The impact of Accountability mechanisms on Corruption reduction Author: Maxwell Adea, Kadian Wanyama Wanyomyi, & Malong Ring Malual Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1176 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 27/02/2026 Date of Publication: 03/03/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1176.pdf Free download: Available Page: 106-128 First Page: 106 Last Page: 128 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Adea, M., Wanyomyi, K. W, & Malual, M. R. (2026). Strengthening Public institutions:  The impact of Accountability mechanisms on Corruption reduction, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 106-128.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1176 About Author (s) Maxwell Adea, Associate Professor and Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Universuty of Juba, Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Kadian Wanyama Wanyomyi, Associate Professor, School of Business and Management Sciences, University of Juba, Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Malong Ring Malual (Corresponding Author), Department of Public Administration, School of Business &Management Sciences, University of Juba, Juba, Republic of South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1884-2764   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1176 --- ## Educational Management as the Backbone of Effective Teaching and Learning: A Comparative Lens from Sierra Leone to China URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8667 Type: post Modified: 2026-02-28 Educational Management as the Backbone of Effective Teaching and Learning: A Comparative Lens from Sierra Leone to China Author (s) Musa Jalloh & Musa Fofana Abstract This paper views education management as the skeleton of successful teaching and learning in comparative perspective between Sierra Leone and China. Using a hybrid, mixed-method, qualitative oriented design, the research combines policy and governance analysis with descriptive system-level indicators to investigate how distinguishing differences in managerial capacity drive educational results. A conceptual framework that locates governance, instructional supervision, teacher management, resource allocation and accountability as central dimensions of educational management structures the analysis. Adopting a most-different systems design, the study compares Sierra Leone’s education system which is fragmented and capacity-challenged to China’ coordinated and institution-based disease management system. The study demonstrates that differences in teaching quality and learning achievement do not come from situational design or policy, but from patterns of coherence and resource implementation at managerial level. In Sierra Leone, poor co-ordination, inadequate school monitoring, reduced financial investment and donor-led teacher training hinder the move from policy to practice. China, on the other hand, illustrates how centralization of leadership, institutionalized oversight and accountability, long-term investment and systematic teacher development can result in consistent and scalable improvements in teaching and learning. The study adds to the literature through adopting an explanatory approach to educational management and focusing on institutional mechanisms, as opposed to descriptive relationships. It also reinforces the argument that low-income “implementation gaps” tend overwhelmingly to be managerial in origin as opposed to problems of policy. The results highlight policy areas that will be key vehicles for improving educational performance–strengthening governance coherence, embedding supervision systems, ensuring sustainable financing and reinforcing accountability. Key words: Educational Management, Teaching and Learning Effectiveness, Comparative Education, Governance and Accountability, Sierra Leone, China. Download PDF Title: Educational Management as the Backbone of Effective Teaching and Learning: A Comparative Lens from Sierra Leone to China Author: Musa Jalloh & Musa Fofana Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1175 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 26/02/2026 Date of Publication: 28/02/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1175.pdf Free download: Available Page: 93-105 First Page: 93 Last Page: 105 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Jalloh, M. & Fofana, M. (2026). Educational Management as the Backbone of Effective Teaching and Learning: A Comparative Lens from Sierra Leone to China, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 93-105.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1175 About Author (s) Musa Jalloh (Corresponding author), University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1078-2995 Musa Fofana, Northeast Normal University (NENU), Changchun, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1175 --- ## Health Spending Efficiency and Workforce Productivity in OECD Economies: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8662 Type: post Modified: 2026-02-25 Health Spending Efficiency and Workforce Productivity in OECD Economies: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning Author (s) Sworup Kumar Singha Abstract This study examines the relationship between health spending efficiency and workforce productivity using an explainable machine learning framework applied to five advanced economies over the period 2000–2022. Using data from the World Development Indicators, the analysis incorporates health expenditure, health outcomes, demographic, and macroeconomic factors. Ensemble machine learning models are employed to capture nonlinear relationships, with Gradient Boosting exhibiting the strongest predictive performance. Model interpretability is ensured through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The results indicate that higher health expenditure and health expenditure per capita are associated with greater workforce productivity, while increased out-of-pocket health spending and adverse health outcomes are negatively associated with workforce productivity. Evidence of nonlinear and interaction effects suggests that productivity gains from health investment depend on efficiency and structural conditions. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of well-structured health investment for sustaining productivity in advanced economies. Key words: Health spending efficiency, Workforce productivity, Explainable machine learning, Health expenditure, SHAP, Advanced economies, World Development Indicators. Download PDF Title: Health Spending Efficiency and Workforce Productivity in OECD Economies: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning Author: Sworup Kumar Singha Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1174 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 23/02/2026 Date of Publication: 25/02/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1174.pdf Free download: Available Page: 76-92 First Page: 76 Last Page: 92 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Singha, S. K. (2026). Health Spending Efficiency and Workforce Productivity in OECD Economies: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 76-92.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1174 About Author (s) Sworup Kumar Singha, Research Assistant, GSTU, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8488-0978   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1174 --- ## The Effect of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Economic Growth from 1990-2018: The case of Lao PDR URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8657 Type: post Modified: 2026-02-18 The Effect of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Economic Growth from 1990-2018: The case of Lao PDR Author (s) Somnack Yawdhacksa, They Vansy, Keoudone Keothephar, & Alay Phonvisay Abstract The research paper is an analysis of how fiscal and monetary policies affect the economic growth in Lao PDR between 1990 and 2018. Based on annual time series data and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the analysis examines short and long-run correlation of policy variables to economic growth. These are the variables of government revenue, government expenditure, money supply (M2) and the interest rate. As the descriptive analysis shows, Lao PDR has an average economic growth rate of 6.86 per cent in the period under study which is backed by an intensive fiscal and monetary intervention. These findings of the econometric indicate that fiscal policy, as well as monetary policy, is very relevant to the economic growth. Particularly, one per cent rise in government revenue results in a 0.16 per cent rise in the growth of the economy whereas one per cent rise in government expenditure results in a rise of 0.42 per cent. In the case of the monetary policy, an increment in money supply by 1 per cent leads to a 0.21 per cent growth in the economic growth. The interest rate has a negative correlation with the growth, which implies that low interest rates foster the growth of the private sector. The error correction value of -0.62 suggests medium rate of adjusting to long-run equilibrium, and about 62 per cent of the deviations have been rectified in a period of one year. The results validate the fact that fiscal policy is more influential than monetary policy in the Lao context, which makes it essential to discuss the importance of strategic expenditure and revenue collection by the state. The research confirms the Keynesian and Monetarist theoretical views and the importance of joint implementation of policies to have sustainable growth in the economy. These results present evidence-based policy implications to the policymakers of the Lao PDR and other developing economies. Key words: Fiscal policy, Monetary policy, Economic growth, VECM model, Lao PDR, Government expenditure, Money supply. Download PDF Title: The Effect of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Economic Growth from 1990-2018: The case of Lao PDR Author: Somnack Yawdhacksa, They Vansy, Keoudone Keothephar, & Alay Phonvisay Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1173 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 15/02/2026 Date of Publication: 18/02/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1173.pdf Free download: Available Page: 54-75 First Page: 54 Last Page: 75 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Yawdhacksa, S., Vansy, T., Keothephar, K., & Phonvisay, A. (2026). The effect of fiscal and monetary policies on economic growth from 1990–2018: The case of Lao PDR., Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 54-75.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1173 About Author (s) Somnack Yawdhacksa (Corresponding Author), National University of Laos, Lao PDR. They Vansy, Department of Internal Trade, Ministry of Industry and Commerce of Lao PDR, Lao PDR. Keoudone Keothephar, Banking Institute, Bank of The Lao PDR, Lao PDR. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8143-3690 Alay Phonvisay, National University of Laos, Lao PDR.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1173 --- ## Factors influencing the utilization of reproductive health services among people living with HIV in Portloko district, Northern Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8654 Type: post Modified: 2026-02-17 Factors influencing the utilization of reproductive health services among people living with HIV in Portloko district, Northern Sierra Leone Author (s) Abdul Kamara, Alusine Frederick Kargbo, & Alpha Sidie Bangura Abstract Access to reproductive health services among people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains low in resource-constrained settings despite its importance for health outcomes and prevention of mother-to-child transmission. This study examined factors influencing reproductive health service utilization among PLHIV in Port Loko District, Sierra Leone. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 192 PLHIV attending major health facilities. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Accessibility factors significantly affected utilization, including distance (χ²=8.12, p<0.05), transport availability (χ²=10.24, p<0.01), transport cost (χ²=9.87, p<0.05), and waiting time (χ²=14.21, p<0.001). Cultural beliefs and HIV-related stigma showed strong associations with service use; individuals experiencing high stigma demonstrated markedly reduced utilization (χ²=14.21, p=0.001). Gender norms—particularly partner-controlled decision-making—decreased uptake, while joint decision-making increased utilization (χ²=9.34, p=0.012). Socioeconomic factors including low income (χ²=14.62, p=0.001), unemployment, low literacy, and poor housing conditions also strongly influenced utilization. Reproductive health service utilization among PLHIV is influenced by inter-related structural, socio-cultural, and economic factors. Addressing these barriers requires improved accessibility, stigma reduction, gender-transformative programs, and socioeconomic support. Key words: Reproductive health services, HIV, Stigma, Socioeconomic factors, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Factors influencing the utilization of reproductive health services among people living with HIV in Portloko district, Northern Sierra Leone Author: Abdul Kamara, Alusine Frederick Kargbo, & Alpha Sidie Bangura Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1172 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 15/02/2026 Date of Publication: 17/02/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1172.pdf Free download: Available Page: 32-53 First Page: 32 Last Page: 53 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Amara, M. M. & Leonce, T. (2026). Application of Internet of Things and Cloud Platform in Smart Farms in Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-31.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1172 About Author (s) Abdul Kamara, University of Makeni, Makeni, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8163-0121 Alusine Frederick Kargbo (Corresponding Author), Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China. & Department of Economics, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1679-5034 Alpha Sidie Bangura, School of National Development, Peking University, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7995-8418   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1172 --- ## Application of Internet of Things and Cloud Platform in Smart Farms in Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-13-issue-1/8650 Type: post Modified: 2026-02-15 Application of Internet of Things and Cloud Platform in Smart Farms in Sierra Leone Author (s) Mohamed Musa Amara & Tuyizere Leonce Abstract Agriculture is central to Sierra Leone’s economy and food security, yet the sector faces persistent challenges including climate variability, soil degradation, and reliance on traditional practices, compounded by limited access to affordable monitoring technologies. This research investigates Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-based technologies to develop a low-cost, multi-sensor farm monitoring system tailored to Sierra Leone’s agricultural environment. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller with soil moisture, temperature, humidity, CO₂, and PIR motion sensors for continuous farm monitoring. Sensor data are processed and securely transmitted via Wi-Fi to the ThingSpeak cloud platform using HTTPS, providing time-series storage, real-time visualization, and threshold-based alerts delivered through mobile channels. A design-science engineering methodology guided system development emphasizing affordability, energy efficiency, and usability for resource-constrained environments. Experimental evaluation demonstrated reliable real-time monitoring with sensor accuracy exceeding acceptable thresholds, data transmission latency below three seconds, and stable cloud connectivity under typical rural network conditions. Findings indicate that integrating low-cost IoT hardware with lightweight cloud platforms reduces manual monitoring, improves situational awareness, and supports data-driven decision-making regarding soil conditions, microclimate, air quality, and farm security. The modular design enables adaptation for other developing regions with similar infrastructural constraints. This study demonstrates that an ESP32-based IoT framework with cloud analytics offers a practical, scalable approach to smart agriculture in Sierra Leone, contributing a validated low-cost model bridging advanced technologies with smallholder farmer needs while laying foundations for predictive analytics and large-scale deployment. Key words: Internet of Things, cloud platform, smart agriculture, ESP32 microcontroller, ThingSpeak, precision farming, resource-constrained environments, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Application of Internet of Things and Cloud Platform in Smart Farms in Sierra Leone Author: Mohamed Musa Amara & Tuyizere Leonce Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1171 Media: Online Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/02/2026 Date of Publication: 15/02/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1171.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-31 First Page: 1 Last Page: 31 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Amara, M. M. & Leonce, T. (2026). Application of Internet of Things and Cloud Platform in Smart Farms in Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-31.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1171 About Author (s) Mohamed Musa Amara (Corresponding Author), Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6367-8492 Tuyizere Leonce, IT Engineer, BPR Rwanda PLC., Kigali, Rwanda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1171 --- ## Safety Builds Courage: Psychological Safety, Moral Courage, and Whistleblowing URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8641 Type: post Modified: 2026-02-07 Safety Builds Courage: Psychological Safety, Moral Courage, and Whistleblowing  Author (s) Yuxin Liu, Azhar Hussain, & Muhammad Qasim Abstract Organizations increasingly rely on psychological safety to encourage whistleblowing, yet employees often remain silent even in supportive and psychologically safe environments. Drawing on social cognitive theory, this study advances a capability-building perspective by proposing that psychological safety promotes whistleblowing through the development of moral courage—a self-regulatory capacity to act on ethical standards despite anticipated personal costs. We further argue that organizational identification shapes whether this moral capability is translated into constructive internal reporting. We develop and test a moderated mediation model in which psychological safety enhances moral courage, moral courage increases whistleblowing intentions, and organizational identification strengthens the enactment of moral courage through internal reporting. Using multi-wave field survey data, we find support for the proposed indirect effect of psychological safety on whistleblowing via moral courage and for the moderating role of organizational identification. Overall, the findings suggest that psychological safety facilitates ethical reporting not only by reducing fear, but by strengthening ethical self-regulation and aligning motivational attachment, offering a social cognitive explanation of when and how supportive climates translate into whistleblowing. Using social cognitive theory, this paper provides a scientific explanation of why attempts by organizations to encourage ethical reporting usually fail and capability building as an effective lever to lessen ethical silence. Keywords: Psychological safety, Whistleblowing, Moral courage, Organizational identification, Ethical behavior. Download PDF Title: Safety Builds Courage: Psychological Safety, Moral Courage, and Whistleblowing Author: Yuxin Liu, Azhar Hussain, & Muhammad Qasim Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2656 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 31/01/2026 Date of Publication: 07/02/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2656.pdf Free download: Available Page: 77-93 First Page: 77 Last Page: 93 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Liu, Y., Hussain, A., & Qasim, M. (2026). Safety Builds Courage: Psychological Safety, Moral Courage, and Whistleblowing, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 77-93.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2656   About Author (s) Yuxin Liu, Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, P.R China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-1077 Azhar Hussain (Corresponding Author), Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, P.R China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2916-0744 Muhammad Qasim, Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, P.R China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-2847   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2656 --- ## Cultural Intelligence and Innovation Performance among Arab Entrepreneurs in China: The Moderating Role of Learning Agility URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8635 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-31 Cultural Intelligence and Innovation Performance among Arab Entrepreneurs in China: The Moderating Role of Learning Agility  Author (s) Sarah Medhat Khattab & Shimin Liu Abstract Entrepreneurs operating in culturally diverse markets must navigate complex intercultural demands while maintaining innovation and competitiveness. This study investigates the relationship between Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and Innovation Performance (IP) among Arab entrepreneurs operating in China and examines whether Learning Agility (LA) strengthens this relationship. Using a time-lagged survey design, data were collected from Arab SME entrepreneurs in China across two waves, yielding 413 valid responses. The study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with latent interaction modeling to test direct and moderation effects, supplemented by hierarchical regression as a robustness check. Results indicate that cultural intelligence positively predicts innovation performance, supporting the argument that intercultural capability enhances entrepreneurs’ ability to generate and implement innovation in culturally complex environments. Moreover, learning agility significantly moderates the CQ-IP relationship, such that CQ has a substantially stronger impact on innovation performance at higher levels of learning agility. These findings contribute to cross-cultural entrepreneurship research by extending CQ theory to entrepreneurial innovation outcomes and by identifying learning agility as a critical boundary condition that transforms cultural understanding into innovation execution. Practically, the study highlights that developing both cultural intelligence and learning agility through entrepreneurial training and support programs can strengthen innovation outcomes in international business contexts. Keywords: Cultural intelligence, Learning agility, Innovation performance, Arab entrepreneurs, SMEs, China. Download PDF Title: Cultural Intelligence and Innovation Performance among Arab Entrepreneurs in China: The Moderating Role of Learning Agility Author: Sarah Medhat Khattab & Shimin Liu Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2655 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/01/2026 Date of Publication: 31/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2655.pdf Free download: Available Page: 65-76 First Page: 65 Last Page: 76 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Khattab, S. M. & Liu, S. (2026). Cultural Intelligence and Innovation Performance among Arab Entrepreneurs in China: The Moderating Role of Learning Agility, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2655   About Author (s) Sarah Medhat Khattab (Corresponding Author), Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5903-7365 Shimin Liu, Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-9335   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2655 --- ## Linking Managerial Decision-Making and Accounting Information Quality: A Conceptual Analysis URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8632 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-25 Linking Managerial Decision-Making and Accounting Information Quality: A Conceptual Analysis  Author (s) Md. Motiar Rahman, Md. Hafizul Islam, & Amena Akter Abstract Despite extensive research on accounting information quality (AIQ) and managerial decision-making, prior studies largely examine these constructs in isolation, lacking an integrated framework that explains how information quality translates into rational managerial decisions across cognitive, governance, and strategic dimensions. Addressing this gap, this study develops a conceptual analysis linking managerial decision-making and accounting information quality within organizational contexts. Drawing upon bounded rationality theory, agency theory, and decision-usefulness theory, the paper synthesizes literature from accounting, management science, and behavioral economics to explain how AIQ shapes decision rationality. High-quality accounting information—characterized by relevance, reliability, comparability, and timeliness—enhances managerial judgment, improves forecasting accuracy, and strengthens transparency and accountability. Conversely, deficiencies in AIQ constrain rational decision-making and weaken organizational performance and stakeholder trust. The study further incorporates governance mechanisms, ethical considerations, and digital transformation—particularly artificial intelligence–driven analytics—as critical moderators of this relationship. The paper’s primary contribution is the development of the Information-Driven Decision Rationality (IDDR) framework, which integrates cognitive, governance, and strategic mechanisms to explain how accounting information quality influences managerial decision effectiveness and organizational sustainability. Keywords: Accounting Information Quality, Managerial Decision-Making, Information-Driven Decision Rationality (IDDR), Decision Rationality, Digital Transformation. Download PDF Title: Linking Managerial Decision-Making and Accounting Information Quality: A Conceptual Analysis Author: Md. Motiar Rahman, Md. Hafizul Islam, & Amena Akter Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2654 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 20/01/2026 Date of Publication: 25/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2654.pdf Free download: Available Page: 52-64 First Page: 52 Last Page: 64 Paper Type: Conceptual paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. H., & Akter, A. (2026). Linking Managerial Decision-Making and Accounting Information Quality: A Conceptual Analysis, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 52-64.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2654 About Author (s) Md. Motiar Rahman, Assistant professor, Department of Business Administration, Z.H. Sikder university of Science and Technology, University, Bhedarganj, Shariatpur – 8024, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4345-5369 Md. Hafizul Islam (Corresponding author), Lecturer, Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saidpur 5310, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8034-6348 Amena Akter, Lecturer, Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saidpur 5310, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0224-1170   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2654 --- ## Financial Development and Environmental Sustainability in Sierra Leone: Evidence from an ARDL–EKC Framework (1990–2024) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8628 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-24 Financial Development and Environmental Sustainability in Sierra Leone: Evidence from an ARDL–EKC Framework (1990–2024)  Author (s) Musa Jalloh Abstract This study examines the relationship between financial development and environmental sustainability in Sierra Leone using annual time-series data from 1990 to 2024. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are used as a proxy for environmental degradation, while domestic credit to the private sector captures financial development. To test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, a nonlinear specification is adopted. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is employed to address mixed integration orders and small-sample issues. The results confirm the existence of a long-run cointegrating relationship among the variables. Long-run estimates reveal a U-shaped relationship between financial development and CO₂ emissions, indicating that initial financial expansion reduces emissions, but further deepening increases environmental degradation beyond a threshold level. Foreign direct investment is found to reduce emissions, supporting the pollution halo hypothesis, while trade openness increases emissions through scale effects. The error correction term is negative and statistically significant, confirming a stable long-run adjustment process. These findings suggest that financial development in Sierra Leone contributes to environmental sustainability only at early stages, while deeper financial expansion without effective regulation exacerbates carbon emissions. The study highlights the need for policies that integrate environmental considerations into financial sector reforms, promote green financing, and strengthen environmental regulation to achieve sustainable development. Keywords: Financial development, CO₂ emissions, Environmental Kuznets Curve, ARDL, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Financial Development and Environmental Sustainability in Sierra Leone: Evidence from an ARDL–EKC Framework (1990–2024) Author: Musa Jalloh Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5013 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 20/01/2026 Date of Publication: 24/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5013.pdf Free download: Available Page: 30-43 First Page: 30 Last Page: 43 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Jalloh, M. (2026). Financial Development and Environmental Sustainability in Sierra Leone: Evidence from an ARDL–EKC Framework (1990–2024), Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 30-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5013 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5013.pdf About Author (s) Musa Jalloh, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE) Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1078-2995   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5013 --- ## Digital Inclusion and Cloud-Based Public Service Delivery: Who Gets Left Behind and Why URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8625 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-23 Digital Inclusion and Cloud-Based Public Service Delivery: Who Gets Left Behind and Why Author (s) Alfred Mansaray, Minkailu Bangura, Emmanuel Kamara, Steven Gbongbor Mansaray, Emmanuel Josiah, & Sylvester Edmond Saidu Abstract Efficiency and integration imperatives are driving the global migration of public services to centralised cloud platforms. However, this shift coincides with persistent policy agendas for digital inclusion, creating a potential ‘inclusion paradox’ whereby technologically advanced services may inadvertently exacerbate access inequalities for digitally marginalised groups. This study empirically examines this paradox, seeking to ascertain how the technical and design attributes of cloud-based public services affect accessibility and to identify governance mechanisms that can alleviate exclusion risks. Employing a sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods design, the researcher analysed behavioural data from 2.1 million sessions on a national cloud portal linked to geodemographic data. It used multi-level modelling to assess individual and area-level determinants of service completion, complemented by a randomised A/B test of design interventions and 45 stakeholder interviews. The analysis confirms the inclusion paradox. While the cloud portal improved operational efficiency, it widened access gaps: completion rates were significantly lower for smartphone users and those in deprived areas. Crucially, the platform’s technical performance (e.g., page load time) was a strong independent predictor of exclusion, disproportionately affecting mobile-dependent users. Field experiments proved that inclusive design interventions (e.g., low-bandwidth optimisation) could significantly improve outcomes. Governance analysis revealed that inclusive design is often compromised without formal mandates. The study contributes to digital government theory by empirically linking technical architecture to social exclusion, advancing concepts of the user-centricity paradox and adaptive governance. It provides evidence-based implications for policy, advocating for ‘inclusion-smart’ strategies with mandated performance standards, and for design, promoting architectural pluralism and hybrid cloud-edge models to ensure equitable public service delivery in the digital age. Key words: Digital Inclusion, Cloud-Based Public Service, Digital Divide, Inclusive Design, Public Sector Digital Transformation, Cloud Architecture, Access Inequality, User-Centric Service Delivery. Download PDF Title: Digital Inclusion and Cloud-Based Public Service Delivery: Who Gets Left Behind and Why Author: Alfred Mansaray, Minkailu Bangura, Emmanuel Kamara, Steven Gbongbor Mansaray, Emmanuel Josiah, & Sylvester Edmond Saidu Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1165 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 15/01/2026 Date of Publication: 23/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1165.pdf Free download: Available Page: 207-225 First Page: 207 Last Page: 225 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Mansaray, A., Bangura, M., Kamara, E., Mansaray, S. G., Josiah, E., & Saidu, S. E. (2026). Digital Inclusion and Cloud-Based Public Service Delivery: Who Gets Left Behind and Why, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 207-225.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1165 About Author (s) Alfred Mansaray (Corresponding Author), School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), University of Electronics Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China. & Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2092-0769 Minkailu Bangura, School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), University of Electronics Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China.& International Management Accounting Technology and Tourism (IMATT) College, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7700-9762 Emmanuel Kamara, University of Makeni (UNIMAK), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3353-1139 Steven Gbongbor Mansaray, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7790-0568 Emmanuel Josiah, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China. & Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0033-4390 Sylvester Edmond Saidu, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China. & Njala University, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5030-3994   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1165 --- ## An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Inventory Scale and Debt Risk in Real Estate Enterprises URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8620 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-17 An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Inventory Scale and Debt Risk in Real Estate Enterprises  Author (s) Muqiu Xu & Li Qiu Abstract This paper conducts an empirical study on the financial data of 66 listed real estate companies in China A-share stock market from 2010 to 2024, examining the relationship between inventory scale and debt risk. The data is sourced from the CSMAR database and analyzed in conjunction with housing price data from 70 major cities nationwide. The results show a positive correlation between real estate enterprises’ inventory scale and debt risk, indicating that larger inventory leads to higher debt risk. Additionally, cash holding level significantly mediate this relationship, suggesting that the impact of inventory scale on debt risk is transmitted through cash holding level. Market confidence positively moderates this relationship, meaning that higher market confidence amplifies the impact of inventory scale on debt risk. Based on these findings, the paper offers recommendations for various stakeholders, focusing on controlling inventory scale, maintaining healthy cash holding level, and paying attention to market confidence. The results have important practical implications for addressing debt crises and optimizing management in the current real estate market. Keywords: Real estate enterprises, Inventory scale, Market confidence, Cash holding, Debt risk. Download PDF Title: An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Inventory Scale and Debt Risk in Real Estate Enterprises Author: Muqiu Xu & Li Qiu Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2653 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 15/01/2026 Date of Publication: 17/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/26532.pdf Free download: Available Page: 33-51 First Page: 33 Last Page: 51 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Xu, M. & Qiu, L. (2026). An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Inventory Scale and Debt Risk in Real Estate Enterprises, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2653 About Author (s) Muqiu Xu, School of Management, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6628-1392 Li Qiu (Corresponding Author), School of Management, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1155-2665   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2653 --- ## Sectoral Trading Volume and Macroeconomic Forces: Empirical Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8610 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-17 Sectoral Trading Volume and Macroeconomic Forces: Empirical Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange  Author (s) Aslam Mahmud Abstract This empirical study examines the impact of macroeconomic variables on stock market trade volume across various industrial sectors listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. (DSE) of Bangladesh. The macroeconomic variables are the industrial production index, the inflation rate, the official exchange rate, the maturity structure of interest rates, and the risk premium. The industrial sectors considered in this study are engineering, textile, ceramics, tannery, cement, fuel & power, and food & allied industries. The study used monthly data over the period of January 2006 to December 2023. The ordinary least squares regression (OLS) method is employed as the baseline method with robustness checks through fully modified ordinary least Squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least Squares (DOLS) methodologies.  The results of the study reveal that the exchange rate and the risk premium have significant positive effects on stock trade volume across all industrial sectors, regardless of the methodology used. The impact of the industrial production index and the maturity structure of interest rates was found to be sector-sensitive. The application of DOLS and FMOLS confirms the consistency and robustness of the findings. These important findings are expected to help investors in portfolio management. The managers of firms in these sectors should be aware of the influences of the macroeconomic forces on trade volume in their pursuit of value maximization. Keywords: Macroeconomic factors, Trade volume, Industrial sectors, DSE, FMOLS, DOLS. Download PDF Title: Sectoral Trading Volume and Macroeconomic Forces: Empirical Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange Author: Aslam Mahmud Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5012 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 12/01/2026 Date of Publication: 17/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5012.pdf Free download: Available Page: 17-29 First Page: 17 Last Page: 29 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Mahmud, A. (2026). Sectoral Trading Volume and Macroeconomic Forces: Empirical Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 17-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5012 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5012.pdf About Author (s) Aslam Mahmud, Assistant Professor, Department of Finance and Banking, Faculty of Business Administration, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh-2224, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1369-2466   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5012 --- ## AI-driven learning systems and the future of quality education: A cross-regional analysis of institutional readiness for SDG 4 URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8576 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-13 AI-driven learning systems and the future of quality education: A cross-regional analysis of institutional readiness for SDG 4 Author (s) Emmanuel Josiah, Steven Gbongbor Mansaray, Sylvester Edmond Saidu, Minkailu Bangura, Alfred Mansay, & Emmanuel Kamara Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which the educational systems of Sierra Leone, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Senegal are prepared to incorporate artificial intelligence into their educational systems as a means of reaching Sustainable Development Goal 4. The research focuses on how national strategies, competence frameworks, and ethical issues influence the adoption of artificial intelligence in education across Anglophone and Francophone West African contexts, drawing on the UNESCO AI Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and policy guidelines. The research shows that even though there is a strong desire to use AI, readiness changes a lot because of infrastructure issues, differences in teacher training, and language diversity. For responsible and equitable AI use in education to support learning quality, inclusion, and long-lasting policy change, cross-regional collaboration and localized policy advice are very important. The research highlights the importance of having AI policies and teacher development programs that are ethical, human-centered, and aligned with African contexts and the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 4. Key words: Institutional readiness, artificial intelligence in education, SDG 4, West Africa, UNESCO policy frameworks. Download PDF Title: AI-driven learning systems and the future of quality education: A cross-regional analysis of institutional readiness for SDG 4 Author: Emmanuel Josiah, Steven Gbongbor Mansaray, Sylvester Edmond Saidu, Minkailu Bangura, Alfred Mansay, & Emmanuel Kamara Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1164 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 30/12/2025 Date of Publication: 04/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1164.pdf Free download: Available Page: 189-206 First Page: 189 Last Page: 206 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Josiah, E., Mansaray, S. G., Saidu, S. E., Bangura, M., Mansay, A., & Kamara, E. (2026). AI-driven learning systems and the future of quality education: A cross-regional analysis of institutional readiness for SDG 4, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 189-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1164   About Author (s) Emmanuel Josiah (Corresponding Author), School of Public Administration, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China (UESTC), China. & Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0033-4390 Steven Gbongbor Mansaray, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7790-0568 Sylvester Edmond Saidu, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China & Njala University, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5030-3994 Minkailu Bangura, School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China & International Management Accounting Technology and Tourism (IMATT) College, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7700-9762 Alfred Mansaray, School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China & Limkokwing University, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2092-0769 Emmanuel Kamara, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China. & University of Makeni (UNIMAK), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3353-1139 Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1164 --- ## The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement on the Relationship Between Rewards and Employee Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach in Bangladesh Field Administration URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8571 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-11 The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement on the Relationship Between Rewards and Employee Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach in Bangladesh Field Administration  Author (s) Sufal Chandra Goldar & Bankim Chandra Sarker Abstract This study investigates the mediating effect of work engagement in the relationship between rewards and employee satisfaction within field administration of Bangladesh. Data from 410 field-level administrative employees, collected via purposive sampling, were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings confirm that rewards significantly enhance employee satisfaction through both a direct pathway and an indirect pathway mediated by work engagement. The results support a model of partial mediation, revealing that while rewards directly improve satisfaction, they also exert a substantial influence by fostering greater employee engagement. The validated model demonstrates strong reliability and validity. The results of the study will assist the researchers and policy makers in public administration to craft strategies that match optimal reward systems well with active employee engagement initiatives. Such initiatives on both recognition and development opportunities would enhance job satisfaction and employee retention even in resource-constrained environment. Keywords: Work Engagement, Rewards, Employee Satisfaction, Public field Administration, Bangladesh. Download PDF Title: The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement on the Relationship Between Rewards and Employee Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach in Bangladesh Field Administration Author: Sufal Chandra Goldar & Bankim Chandra Sarker Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2651 Media: Online & Print Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 25/12/2025 Date of Publication: 31/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2651.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-14 First Page: 1 Last Page: 14 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Goldar, S. C. & Sarker, B. C. (2026). The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement on the Relationship Between Rewards and Employee Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach in Bangladesh Field Administration, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2651 About Author (s) Sufal Chandra Goldar, MBA Graduate, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1041-5773 Bankim Chandra Sarker (Corresponding Author), Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Barishal, Barishal, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-8114   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2651 --- ## Digital Green Public Procurement as an E-Governance Instrument: How E-Procurement Design Features Drive Supplier Decarbonization and Traceability URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-50-issue-1/8598 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-11 Digital Green Public Procurement as an E-Governance Instrument: How E-Procurement Design Features Drive Supplier Decarbonization and Traceability  Author (s) Ezekiel Z. Ziah & Christopher A. Lavall Jr Abstract Governments worldwide are increasingly leveraging public procurement as a strategic instrument to advance climate objectives, yet empirical evidence on how digital procurement systems translate sustainability policies into measurable environmental outcomes remains limited. This study investigates Digital Green Public Procurement (DGPP) as an e-governance mechanism and examines how specific e-procurement design features drive supplier decarbonization and supply chain traceability. Drawing on institutional, stakeholder, and information systems theories, the research develops and tests a conceptual framework linking mandatory environmental criteria, carbon reporting mechanisms, supplier monitoring dashboards, and interoperability with environmental databases to sustainability performance outcomes. Using a quantitative research design, primary survey data were collected from procurement professionals and suppliers engaged with public e-procurement platforms, complemented by secondary system-level sustainability data. Structural equation modeling was employed to assess direct, mediating, and moderating relationships within the proposed framework. The findings reveal that digitally embedded sustainability requirements significantly enhance supplier decarbonization performance, with traceability and transparency acting as critical mediating mechanisms. Regulatory pressure and supplier digital capability further strengthen these relationships, underscoring the importance of institutional context and technological readiness. The study contributes to e-governance and sustainable procurement literature by demonstrating that procurement digitalization functions not merely as an efficiency tool but as a regulatory infrastructure capable of shaping supplier behavior and accelerating climate action. From a policy perspective, the results highlight the need for governments to prioritize sustainability-oriented system design when modernizing procurement platforms. Overall, the research positions DGPP as a viable and scalable governance pathway for aligning public purchasing power with long-term decarbonization goals. Keywords: Digital Green Public Procurement, E-Governance, Supplier Decarbonization, Supply Chain Traceability, Sustainable Public Procurement, Digital Transparency. Download PDF Title: Digital Green Public Procurement as an E-Governance Instrument: How E-Procurement Design Features Drive Supplier Decarbonization and Traceability Author: Ezekiel Z. Ziah & Christopher A. Lavall Jr Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2652 Media: Online Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 09/01/2026 Date of Publication: 11/01/2026 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2652.pdf Free download: Available Page: 15-32 First Page: 15 Last Page: 32 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Ziah, E. Z. & Jr, C. A. L. (2026). Digital Green Public Procurement as an E-Governance Instrument: How E-Procurement Design Features Drive Supplier Decarbonization and Traceability, International Journal of Science and Business, 50(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2652 About Author (s) Ezekiel Z. Ziah, School of Public Administration (SPA), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0858-8951 Christopher A. Lavall Jr (Corresponding Author), School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (SMEE), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5944-1066   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2652 --- ## Author Guidelines on AI-Assisted Writing URL: https://www.ijsab.com/author-guidelines-on-ai-assisted-writing Type: page Modified: 2026-01-10 IJSAB International allows authors to use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies to support the preparation of manuscripts, particularly for improving language quality, clarity, and readability. However, the use of such technologies must be accompanied by full human oversight, as AI-generated content may contain inaccuracies, incomplete information, or unintended bias. The intellectual integrity, originality, and scholarly responsibility of all manuscripts submitted to IJSAB International remain solely with the author(s). Principles 1. Human Oversight and ControlAuthors must ensure that any use of AI in the writing process is guided, supervised, and evaluated by human judgment. AI tools may assist in language refinement and presentation, but they must not replace critical academic thinking. All content generated or modified with AI must be carefully reviewed and edited by the author(s) prior to submission. 2. Authorship and AccountabilityGenerative AI tools and AI-assisted technologies must not be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship involves intellectual contribution, ethical responsibility, and accountability, which are exclusively human responsibilities. The author(s) are fully accountable for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the published work. 3. Transparency and DisclosureAuthors must transparently disclose the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process. This disclosure ensures research transparency and supports the editorial and peer-review process. Disclosure Instructions If generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in preparing the manuscript, authors must include a disclosure statement before the References section under the following heading: Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used [NAME OF TOOL / SERVICE] for the purpose of [SPECIFY PURPOSE, e.g., improving language clarity and readability]. Following the use of this tool or service, the author(s) carefully reviewed and edited the content to ensure accuracy, completeness, and scholarly integrity. The author(s) take full responsibility for the content of this publication. Additional Notes Disclosure is not required for the use of standard, non-generative tools such as spell checkers, grammar checkers, reference managers, or formatting software. If no generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in the writing process, no disclosure statement is necessary. © IJSAB International | All Rights Reserved --- ## AI-Powered Grid Resilience: Hybrid CNN-Transformer for Predictive Fault Detection and Real-Time Optimization URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8558 Type: post Modified: 2026-01-04 AI-Powered Grid Resilience: Hybrid CNN-Transformer for Predictive Fault Detection and Real-Time Optimization Author (s) Gibrilla Deen Kamara, Saio Alusine Marrah, Abu Bakarr Koroma, Nyallay Sheku, Mabel Ernestine Cole, Samuel Idriss Kargbo, & Eric Komba Foyoh Mani Abstract Modern power grids are increasingly complex due to growing integration of renewable energy sources, power‑electronic devices, and bidirectional power flows challenging traditional fault detection and stability monitoring methods. In this study, we propose a hybrid convolutional neural networks -sCNN‑Transformer model for predictive fault detection and real‑time grid optimization. Using synthetic time‑series data representing normal operation and a variety of fault conditions (including amplitude spikes, harmonics, and voltage sag/swell), we perform four comprehensive analyses: time‑domain waveform and spectrogram inspection; frequency‑ and harmonic‑domain analysis; deep model feature and attention‑map visualization; and grid‑level stability simulation (load, voltage, frequency). Our results show the hybrid model successfully distinguishes faults from normal conditions, separates different fault types in latent space, and yields robust classification performance under noisy and distorted signals. The study demonstrates the feasibility of combining spatial feature extraction and temporal sequence modeling for smart‑grid fault detection, and highlights the potential for real‑time monitoring and proactive grid management. Future work will target real‑world grid datasets, renewable‑integration scenarios, and extension to multi‑class/multi‑fault localization tasks. Key words: Smart grid, Fault detection, Hybrid CNN‑Transformer, Time-frequency analysis, Power system resilience. Download PDF Title: AI-Powered Grid Resilience: Hybrid CNN-Transformer for Predictive Fault Detection and Real-Time Optimization Author: Gibrilla Deen Kamara, Saio Alusine Marrah, Abu Bakarr Koroma, Nyallay Sheku, Mabel Ernestine Cole, Samuel Idriss Kargbo, & Eric Komba Foyoh Mani Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1162 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 18/12/2025 Date of Publication: 25/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1162.pdf Free download: Available Page: 163-176 First Page: 163 Last Page: 176 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kamara, G. D., Marrah, S. A., Koroma, A. B., Sheku, N., Cole, M. E., Kargbo, S. I., & Mani, E. K. F. (2026). AI-Powered Grid Resilience: Hybrid CNN-Transformer for Predictive Fault Detection and Real-Time Optimization, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 163-176.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1162   About Author (s) Gibrilla Deen Kamara, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. & Faculty of Information Technology, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1732-6407 Saio Alusine Marrah (Corresponding Author), Faculty of Information Technology, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Freetown, Sierra Leone. & School of Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4727-2480 Abu Bakarr Koroma, School of Economics and Management (SEM), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. & Faculty of Business and Entrepreneurship, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3613-104X Nyallay Sheku, College of Software Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9885-7261 Mabel Ernestine Cole, Faculty of Information Technology, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Freetown, Sierra Leone. & School of Economics and Management (SEM), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1956-4474 Samuel Idriss Kargbo, College of Software Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4264-0801 Eric Komba Foyoh Mani, Faculty of Business and Entrepreneurship Studies, Department of Social Work, Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1934-0668   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1162 --- ## An Explanation of the Intention to Use Temporary Shelter Services Based on the SOR Model: In case of Homeless People URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8567 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-27 An Explanation of the Intention to Use Temporary Shelter Services Based on the SOR Model: In case of Homeless People Author (s) BAYANMUNKH Lkhagvasuren, TUYA Sukhbat, & SUMJIDMAA Tumurchudur Abstract This study was conducted with the objective of examining how individuals experiencing homelessness perceive the services provided to them and identifying key areas for service improvement. Data were collected from 181 clients across seven temporary shelters operating in Ulaanbaatar, and the results were subsequently analyzed. The findings were interpreted based on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) model. The analysis revealed that factors such as shelter services, cleanliness, staff, and the influence of other individuals, including friends and family, did not directly affect the intention of homeless individuals to use shelter services. However, staff, service quality, and social influence were found to exert statistically significant direct effects on attitude. Moreover, the results indicated that staff, service quality, and cleanliness had stronger coefficients of influence on the intention to use shelter services than did social norm or influence. Thus, for clients of temporary shelters, core stimuli such as staff performance and service quality were shown to play a decisive role in shaping attitudes and intentions toward service utilization. Key words: Stimulus, Organism, Homelessness, Behavior, Attitude, Cleanliness, Service. Download PDF Title: An Explanation of the Intention to Use Temporary Shelter Services Based on the SOR Model: In case of Homeless People Author: BAYANMUNKH Lkhagvasuren, TUYA Sukhbat, & SUMJIDMAA Tumurchudur Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1163 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 20/12/2025 Date of Publication: 27/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1163.pdf Free download: Available Page: 177-188 First Page: 177 Last Page: 188 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Lkhagvasuren, B., Sukhbat, T., & Tumurchudur, S. (2026). An Explanation of the Intention to Use Temporary Shelter Services Based on the SOR Model: In case of Homeless People, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 177-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1163   About Author (s) BAYANMUNKH Lkhagvasuren, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-7929 TUYA Sukhbat, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-5530 SUMJIDMAA Tumurchudur (Corresponding Author), Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-4164   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1163 --- ## The Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and Occupational Burnout Among White-Collar Employees in The Service Sector URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8564 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-27 The Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and Occupational Burnout Among White-Collar Employees in The Service Sector  Author (s) Uğur DEMİREL & Mehmet Anıl SAYİNER Abstract This study investigated the relationship between different dimensions of occupational burnout and demographic variables among white-collar employees working in the service sector. Data were collected using a 19-item scale developed based on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, which measures burnout across three dimensions: personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout. The demographic variables examined included gender, marital status, age, education level, tenure in the current organization, and total work experience. The results indicated that marital status and organizational tenure were not significantly associated with occupational burnout. In contrast, significant differences were observed across several demographic variables. Burnout levels were found to be higher among women than men. In terms of age, burnout was highest in the 22–25 age group and lowest among employees aged 58 and above. Regarding education level, burnout was highest among individuals below the undergraduate level and lowest among those with postgraduate education. Additionally, burnout levels were highest among employees with 1–6 years of total work experience and lowest among those with less than one year of experience. Overall, the findings demonstrate that occupational burnout is largely associated with demographic characteristics, highlighting the importance of considering both burnout dimensions and demographic differences in professional interventions and future academic research aimed at reducing burnout. Keywords: Occupational burnout, Personal burnout, Work-related burnout, Client-related burnout, Demographic variables. Download PDF Title: The Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and Occupational Burnout Among White-Collar Employees in The Service Sector Author: Uğur DEMİREL & Mehmet Anıl SAYİNER Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2639 Media: Online Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 24/12/2025 Date of Publication: 27/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2639.pdf Free download: Available Page: 153-171 First Page: 153 Last Page: 171 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: DEMİREL, U. & SAYİNER, M. A. (2026). The Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and Occupational Burnout Among White-Collar Employees in The Service Sector, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2639 About Author (s) Uğur DEMİREL (Corresponding Author), Human Resource Department, Graduate Education Institute, İstanbul Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Türkiye. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8238-2889 Mehmet Anıl SAYİNER, Business Department, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İstanbul Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Türkiye. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1995-1665   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2639 --- ## Investigating the Adoption of Social Media-Based Online Tourism Services: An Extended UTAUT Model Incorporating Vendor Trust among University Students in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8561 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-26 Investigating the Adoption of Social Media-Based Online Tourism Services: An Extended UTAUT Model Incorporating Vendor Trust among University Students in Bangladesh  Author (s) Md. Ridoy Hasan, Md. Zaber Hossain, Imran Hossain, & Sadia Akter Abstract This study intends to oversee the factors that influence the acceptance of social media-based online tourism services among the university students in Bangladesh. This study proposes and validates an extended model of UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) where it embodies vendor trust, which is a key determiner in social media-based tourism. There are 278 responses collected from the students at universities who use online tourism services by using a quantitative, cross-sectional survey and the technique was purposive sampling technique. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to process the data. The findings reveal Effort expectancy, Performance expectancy, Facilitating conditions and Vendors trust, all have indicative positive impact to the tendency of behavior of the students related to online tourism services. It is identified that facilitating conditions is the most powerful predictor whereas the social influence is found as a non-significant component in the tendency of behavior of online tourism users. This model effectively interprets 44% variance in the intention of user behavior of online based tourism platforms. Theoretically this study provides the validity to consolidate the vendor trust with UTAUT model for social commerce endeavors. Practically the outcomes of this research strongly suggest that the vendors of online tourism must be focused on building trust among the users by ensuring facilitating conditions (e.g., reliable internet access to websites, mobile optimized service) to lead the adoption in online based tourism among this crucial demographic. In emerging markets this study helps to understand the importance of vendor trust in increasing the efficiency of performance to build trust on vendors. Keywords: Social Media, Tourism, Technology Adoption, UTAUT, Vendor Trust, Bangladesh. Download PDF Title: Investigating the Adoption of Social Media-Based Online Tourism Services: An Extended UTAUT Model Incorporating Vendor Trust among University Students in Bangladesh Author: Md. Ridoy Hasan, Md. Zaber Hossain, Imran Hossain, & Sadia Akter Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2638 Media: Online Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 20/12/2025 Date of Publication: 26/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2638.pdf Free download: Available Page: 132-152 First Page: 132 Last Page: 152 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Hasan, M. R., Hossain, M. Z., Hossain, I, & Akter, S. (2026). Investigating the Adoption of Social Media-Based Online Tourism Services: An Extended UTAUT Model Incorporating Vendor Trust among University Students in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 132-152. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2638 About Author (s) Md. Ridoy Hasan (Corresponding Author), Lecturer (Department of Business Administration), Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saidpur 5310, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3612-4318 Md. Zaber Hossain, Associate Professor (Department of Business Administration), Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saidpur 5310, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-681X Imran Hossain, Lecturer (Department of Business Administration), Bangladesh Army International University of Science and Technology, Comilla, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3202-6195 Sadia Akter, Senior Counselor (Eritra Immigration and Education Consultant, EIEC), Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2383-6574   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2638 --- ## Predicting Happiness from Socioeconomic Factors in Sylhet Division: A Machine Learning Approach URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8555 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-23 Predicting Happiness from Socioeconomic Factors in Sylhet Division: A Machine Learning Approach Author (s) Sworup Kumar Singha Abstract This study used an interpretable machine-learning (ML) framework to predict happiness among 300 adults in Sylhet Division and to identify its key socioeconomic and psychosocial determinants. Happiness was classified into three categories—Unhappy, Mixed, and Happy—and six supervised ML models were trained and evaluated using a unified pipeline. Among them, k-Nearest Neighbours achieved the best fixed-threshold performance (accuracy = 0.75), while Gradient Boosting Machine produced the highest micro-averaged ROC–AUC (~0.90). Across models, income, savings, education, and decision-making freedom were the strongest predictors, with employment status, age group, community trust, and district providing smaller contributions. Overall, the findings show that happiness in Sylhet is shaped jointly by economic security, capabilities, and social context. Interpretable ML methods can effectively model these relationships and highlight the factors most relevant for policy. Strengthening income support, financial inclusion, educational access, personal autonomy, and community cohesion is likely to yield the greatest improvements in subjective well-being. Key words: Subjective Well-being, Machine Learning, Socioeconomic Factors, Sylhet Division, Predictive Modeling, Happiness Determinants. Download PDF Title: Predicting Happiness from Socioeconomic Factors in Sylhet Division: A Machine Learning Approach Author: Sworup Kumar Singha Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1161 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 20/12/2025 Date of Publication: 23/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1161.pdf Free download: Available Page: 143-162 First Page: 143 Last Page: 162 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Singha, S. K. (2026). Predicting Happiness from Socioeconomic Factors in Sylhet Division: A Machine Learning Approach, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 143-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1161 About Author (s) Sworup Kumar Singha, Independent Researcher, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8488-0978   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1161 --- ## The impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade on Economic Growth: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-2-issue-1/8551 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-07 The impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade on Economic Growth: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa  Author (s) Abdul Karim Kamara Abstract This study investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade, and their interaction on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), using panel data from 1990 to 2024 for 35 countries. Employing a fixed effect model, interaction terms, and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) for robustness checks, the results show that FDI, trade openness, imports, and exports positively affect economic growth, while inflation consistently has a negative effect. Although exports are not significant in all models, they remain positive, highlighting SSA’s dependence on primary commodities. The interaction results suggest that FDI growth has an enhancing effect when interacting with trade and imports, indicating the complementarity of FDI and trade. Population growth also has a positive and significant effect, indicating the presence of a demographic dividend, whereas growth in the labor force alone does not guarantee development without productivity improvements. This emphasizes the need for fully integrated policy packages to attract FDI, facilitate trade, support selective importation, and promote export diversification into value-added sectors. To harness the demographic dividend, macroeconomic stability and investment in human capital are crucial. Finally, the global FDI trade synergy identified in the findings can also help integrate SSA into structural transformation strategies for sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Keywords: FDI, Trade, Imports, Exports, Economic Growth. Download PDF Title: The impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade on Economic Growth: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa Author: Abdul Karim Kamara Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5011 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 05/12/2025 Date of Publication: 07/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5011.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-16 First Page: 1 Last Page: 16 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Kamara, A. K. (2026). The impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade on Economic growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of Market Research, 2(1), 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5011 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5011.pdf About Author (s) Abdul Karim Kamara, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7527-0080   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5011 --- ## Formation and development of aerobic gymnastic in Mongolia URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8546 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-07 Formation and development of aerobic gymnastic in Mongolia Author (s) Yeruulbat Galbadrakh, Bat-Otgon Batsuren, Sumjidmaa Tumurchudur, Munkhbayar Bat-Erdene, & Oyuntungalag Buyantur Abstract This study examines the historical formation and development of aerobic gymnastics in Mongolia within the context of national physical culture policies and international FIG standards. Using a qualitative historical–analytical approach, it draws on archival documents, sectoral statistics, and academic literature to trace major developmental stages from early mass physical culture initiatives to the sport’s emergence as a formal competitive discipline in the 1990s. The findings show significant recent progress, including expanded regional participation, stronger organizational structures, and increased visibility in FIG-sanctioned events. However, the sector continues to face challenges such as limited policy support, fragmented training standards, inadequate funding, and low public awareness. At the same time, rising societal interest in health, growing numbers of trained specialists, and expanding sports infrastructure present promising opportunities for further growth. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen certification systems, enhance institutional capacity, and align national strategies with international frameworks. The research addresses how aerobic gymnastics in Mongolia has evolved and what institutional, social, and policy factors have shaped its trajectory. Key words: Aerobic Gymnastics, Sports Development, Physical Education Policy, Gymnastics History, Athlete Training Systems, Competitive Gymnastics. Download PDF Title: Formation and development of aerobic gymnastic in Mongolia Author: Yeruulbat Galbadrakh, Bat-Otgon Batsuren, Sumjidmaa Tumurchudur, Munkhbayar Bat-Erdene, & Oyuntungalag Buyantur Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1160 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 05/12/2025 Date of Publication: 07/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1160.pdf Free download: Available Page: 131-142 First Page: 131 Last Page: 142 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Galbadrakh, Y., Batsuren, B.-O., Tumurchudur, S., Bat-Erdene, M., & Buyantur, O. (2026). Formation and development of aerobic gymnastic in Mongolia. Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 131-142.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1160 About Author (s) Yeruulbat Galbadrakh, Physical culture and Sport department, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6774-6805 Bat-Otgon Batsuren, Division of academic affairs and cooperation, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-1326 Sumjidmaa Tumurchudur, Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-4164 Munkhbayar Bat-Erdene, Department of Cyber Security, School of Information and Communication Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-0805 Oyuntungalag Buyantur (Corresponding Author), School of Management, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8698   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1160 --- ## Comparative Nutritional and Antioxidant Profiling of Fresh Goat Milk and Commercial Infant Formula Sold in Rwanda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8542 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-07 Comparative Nutritional and Antioxidant Profiling of Fresh Goat Milk and Commercial Infant Formula Sold in Rwanda Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien, Dushimimana Anicet, & Vedaste Ndungutse Abstract This research paper compared the nutritional and antioxidant properties of fresh Rwandan Alpine goat milk and 5 infant formulas that are registered by the Rwanda FDA. Samples of fresh goat milk (GM-01 to GM-05) were taken every two weeks in a smallholder farm in Bugesera District between May and August 2025, and ten production batches of five brands of infant formula (NAN Pro 1, S-26 Gold 1, Lactogen 1, Blemil Plus 1, and Frisolac Gold 1) were purchased in large-scale retail stores in Kigali. Vitamin A (retinol and β-carotene), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), vitamin C, total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH radical-scavenging capacity were determined using validated AOAC, ISO, and spectrophotometric techniques. Goat milk had significantly more natural antioxidant activity, including β-carotene, TPC, FRAP, and DPPH inhibition (48.0 +- 1.7%), than the formula samples (all p < 0.001). Conversely, infant formulas have always had greater amounts of fortified vitamins A, E, and C, as per the regulatory standards and food manufacturing practices, with an aim of ensuring micronutrient adequacy. These results indicate that there is a nutritional trade-off: formula has a more predictable and standardized delivery of micronutrients, whereas goat milk has a more complete and natural antioxidant matrix with possible added functional values. Such a comparison view is supportive of context-specific infant-feeding policies in Rwanda, where it is important to note that fortified formulas and locally produced goat milk have complementary and not competitive roles. The findings also highlight the role of introducing safe, locally-produced dairy products into the complementary feeding programs and refer to the necessity of conducting additional research on the bioavailability and physiological impacts of these antioxidants in infants. Key words: Goat milk, Infant formula, Antioxidant capacity, β -β–carotene, Rwanda FDA standards. Download PDF Title: Comparative Nutritional and Antioxidant Profiling of Fresh Goat Milk and Commercial Infant Formula Sold in Rwanda Author: Gisubizo Fabien, Dushimimana Anicet, & Vedaste Ndungutse Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1159 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 02/12/2025 Date of Publication: 07/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1159.pdf Free download: Available Page: 120-130 First Page: 120 Last Page: 130 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Fabien, G., Anicet, D. & Ndungutse, V. (2026). Comparative Nutritional and Antioxidant Profiling of Fresh Goat Milk and Commercial Infant Formula Sold in Rwanda, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 120-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1159 About Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien (Corresponding Author), Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1182-9124 Dushimimana Anicet, Crop Post-harvest Handling Technician, Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2344-1426 Vedaste Ndungutse, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UR-CAVM), University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-071X   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1159 --- ## Evaluating the Impact of Business Ethics on Community Development: Evidence from Foreign-Owned Mining Companies in Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8539 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-05 Evaluating the Impact of Business Ethics on Community Development: Evidence from Foreign-Owned Mining Companies in Sierra Leone  Author (s) John Albert Sankoh & Samuel Conteh Abstract This study examines the impact of business ethics (BE) on community development (CD) in the context of foreign-owned mining companies in Sierra Leone. Rooted in Stakeholder and Institutional Theories, this study investigates the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the moderating influence of the regulatory environment (RE) on the relationship between ethical business practices and socio-economic outcomes for local communities. The study employed a quantitative explanatory research approach, utilizing data from 273 respondents — comprising community residents, mining employees, and civil society representatives — to test six hypotheses using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that BE has a substantial and favorable impact on both CSR and CD, whereas CSR also exerts a considerable positive effect on CD. Furthermore, CSR partially mediates the relationship between BE and CD, underscoring its crucial role in transforming ethical practices into community-oriented action. The regulatory environment was found to have an unfavorable impact on the BE–CD relationship, suggesting that stricter restrictions may limit proactive ethical participation. Nonetheless, it did not substantially influence the CSR–CD relationship, indicating the robustness of CSR initiatives, regardless of regulatory severity. These findings highlight the necessity of incorporating ethical concepts and comprehensive CSR strategies into corporate practices to attain sustainable development objectives, especially in institutionally vulnerable and resource-abundant nations. The discussion encompasses both practical and theoretical ramifications, as well as prospective research directions. Keywords: Business Ethics, Community Development, Corporate Social Responsibility, Regulatory Environment, Stakeholder Engagement, Institutionalism, Mining Industry in Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Evaluating the Impact of Business Ethics on Community Development: Evidence from Foreign-Owned Mining Companies in Sierra Leone Author: John Albert Sankoh & Samuel Conteh Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2637 Media: Online Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 08/11/2025 Date of Publication: 05/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2637.pdf Free download: Available Page: 114-131 First Page: 114 Last Page: 131 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Sankoh, J. A. & Conteh, S. (2026). Evaluating the Impact of Business Ethics on Community Development: Evidence from Foreign-Owned Mining Companies in Sierra Leone, International Journal of Science and Business, 47(1), 114-131. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2637 About Author (s) John Albert Sankoh (Corresponding Author), School of International Development and Cooperation, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0009-0006-3450-1112 Samuel Conteh, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4481-0846   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2637 --- ## Evaluating the Effectiveness of Performance-Based Compensation Systems on Employee Motivation in Modern Workplaces URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8536 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-05 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Performance-Based Compensation Systems on Employee Motivation in Modern Workplaces  Author (s) Alpha Ibrahim Bangura   Abstract This study investigates the effectiveness of performance-based compensation (PBC) systems in influencing employee motivation, with particular attention to the moderating roles of fairness perception and team dynamics. Drawing on Agency, Expectancy, and Equity theories, the research examines how financial incentives, perceived equity, and social-contextual factors collectively shape motivation in modern workplaces. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 250 employees from organizations implementing PBC systems, and multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between the variables. Results indicate that team dynamics is the only statistically significant predictor of employee motivation (β = 0.162, p = 0.011), whereas performance-based compensation (β = 0.097, p = 0.124) and perceived fairness (β = 0.044, p = 0.486) did not independently predict motivation. These findings suggest that social and relational factors, particularly teamwork, play a more critical role in motivating employees than financial rewards or fairness perceptions alone. The study highlights the importance of integrating PBC with supportive team environments and transparent communication to enhance motivation. Implications for practice include adopting holistic reward strategies that combine structural incentives with team-building initiatives to maximize employee engagement and performance. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the relative strength of social-contextual factors over traditional financial incentives in contemporary organizational settings. Keywords: Performance-based compensation, Employee motivation, Team dynamics, Fairness perception, Organizational behavior. Download PDF Title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Performance-Based Compensation Systems on Employee Motivation in Modern Workplaces Author: Alpha Ibrahim Bangura Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2636 Media: Online Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 01/12/2025 Date of Publication: 05/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2636.pdf Free download: Available Page: 96-113 First Page: 96 Last Page: 113 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Bangura, A. I. (2026). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Performance-Based Compensation Systems on Employee Motivation in Modern Workplaces, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 96-113. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2636 About Author (s) Alpha Ibrahim Bangura, Masters Student in Applied Economics, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1425-7939   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2636 --- ## Key Factors Influencing Consumer Buying Intention Toward Sustainable Packaging in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8533 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-03 Key Factors Influencing Consumer Buying Intention Toward Sustainable Packaging in Bangladesh  Author (s) Md Zahid Hasan, Dil Afrin Mim, Sanuar Hossain, Ilahi Rahman, Dristy Islam, & Shuvo Kumar   Abstract Sustainability is crucial for the existence of our planet. Growing environmental concerns have increased consumer interest in sustainable packaging options. Understanding consumers’ intentions, preferences and attitudes toward sustainable packaging is therefore essential. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence consumers’ purchasing intentions regarding sustainable packaging. Based on previous research and field insights, five attributes were selected for examination. Data were gathered from 200 users of sustainable packaging through a self-designed questionnaire administered using a convenience sampling method. Reliability, validity, correlation and regression analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 21) to evaluate the measurement and structural relationships. The findings of this study explore that environmental awareness, eco-label credibility, social influence and brand image have positive influences on enhancing consumer buying intention during purchase. On the other hand, price perception has no significant impact on enhancing consumer buying intention toward sustainable packaging. The findings of the investigation are expected to assist marketers better understand their consumers’ buying intention properly and develop effective marketing strategies to maintain a strong position in a competitive market. Keywords: Sustainable packaging, Eco-label, Environmental consciousness, Eco-friendly products, Consumer Behavior. Download PDF Title: Key Factors Influencing Consumer Buying Intention Toward Sustainable Packaging in Bangladesh Author: Md Zahid Hasan, Dil Afrin Mim, Sanuar Hossain, Ilahi Rahman, Dristy Islam, & Shuvo Kumar Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2635 Media: Online Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 28/11/2025 Date of Publication: 03/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2635.pdf Free download: Available Page: 73-95 First Page: 73 Last Page: 95 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Hasan, M. Z., Mim, D. A., Hossain, S., Rahman, I., Islam, D. & Kumar, S. (2026). Key Factors Influencing Consumer Buying Intention Toward Sustainable Packaging in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2635   About Author (s) Md Zahid Hasan (Corresponding Author), Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore-6431, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3931-6469 Dil Afrin Mim, Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore-6431, Bangladesh. Sanuar Hossain, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore-6431, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4383-9335 Ilahi Rahman, Lecturer (Production Management & Marketing), Aftab Uddin School & College, Bajitpur, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. Dristy Islam, Independent Researcher, Department of Business Administration, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore-6431, Bangladesh. Shuvo Kumar, Independent Researcher, Department of Marketing, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2635 --- ## The Tourism–FDI Synergy in a Changing South Asia: Fresh Insights from Advanced Panel Modeling URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8500 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-01 The Tourism–FDI Synergy in a Changing South Asia: Fresh Insights from Advanced Panel Modeling  Author (s) Mohammad Nasir Hossain, Marzia Nomi, Md. Ahsan Habib, & Rifat Nahrin   Abstract The study finds that South Asian economic growth is primarily driven by strong long-run elasticities of labor force participation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade openness, with labor exhibiting the highest long-run elasticity. In contrast, the error-correction term is insignificant and positive, indicating an absence of meaningful short-run convergence toward long-run equilibrium. Short-run effects of FDI, labor, and trade are weak and largely insignificant, reflecting structural rigidities and delayed transmission of economic adjustments in the region. Based on these empirical results, the paper argues that long-run growth strategies must prioritize stabilizing FDI inflows, improving the ease of doing business, and strengthening regulatory quality. Given the dominant role of labor in the long run, policies should emphasize improving labor productivity through investment in education, vocational training, skill specialization, and enhanced female labor force participation. Trade-related reforms—such as customs simplification, reduction of non-tariff barriers, expansion of export-oriented zones, and promotion of technology-intensive exports—are also essential. At the same time, the insignificant adjustment term suggests that short-run policy responses need to be faster and more flexible, supported by more efficient financial and institutional systems. Strengthening domestic supplier networks and improving investment absorption capacity are crucial to ensuring that long-run gains from FDI translate into sustained economic development. Keywords: Tourism, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Development, Labor Force. Download PDF Title: The Tourism–FDI Synergy in a Changing South Asia: Fresh Insights from Advanced Panel Modeling Author: Mohammad Nasir Hossain, Marzia Nomi, Md. Ahsan Habib, & Rifat Nahrin Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2633 Media: Online & Print Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 25/11/2025 Date of Publication: 27/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2633.pdf Free download: Available Page: 42-56 First Page: 42 Last Page: 56 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Hossain, M. N., Nomi, M., Habib, M. A. & Nahrin, R. (2026). The Tourism–FDI Synergy in a Changing South Asia: Fresh Insights from Advanced Panel Modeling, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2633   About Author (s) Mohammad Nasir Hossain, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Comilla University, Comilla, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7726-8713 Marzia Nomi, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Barishal, Barishal, Bangladesh. Md. Ahsan Habib, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5946-3076 Rifat Nahrin (Corresponding Author), Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Comilla University, Comilla, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-2482   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2633 --- ## Assessing the Impact of Workplace Environment on Employee Efficiency: An Empirical Study of the Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8493 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-01 Assessing the Impact of Workplace Environment on Employee Efficiency: An Empirical Study of the Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh  Author (s) Sufal Chandra Goldar & Bankim Chandra Sarker   Abstract The ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is the most important industry in the country as it is one of the largest employment industries and a main source of export earnings. Nonetheless, the issue of workers conditions, efficiency, and sustainability will continue to dominate the debate on long term competitiveness of the industry. The study aims to examine how impactful a good work environment (both physical and organizational factors) on the efficiency of employees in the RMG industry. The study is a quantitative research focused on structured questionnaires to sample 400 participants among the workers of RMG industries located at major industrial zones, Dhaka, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Chattogram. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, ANOVA, and mediation analysis. The findings of the study indicate that both physical work environment factors (lighting, ventilation, cleanliness, safety) and organizational environment factors (leadership, job security, recognition, and communication) have statistically significant positive impacts on efficiency of the employees. The perception of employees was also identified as a strong predictor of efficiency and a part mediator of the association between work environment and efficiency. Moreover, the perception and efficiency differences were revealed based on gender specifying that inclusive and gender-sensitive workplace approaches are necessary. The study indicates that strategic design of the work environment jointly with the management practices have a significant influence on the improvement of the effectiveness of the operations. Recommendations are suggested for factory managers, human resource professionals and policymakers to initiate both infrastructural and psychological upgrading that can lead to healthy labor productivity in the long-term. Keywords: Work environment, Organizational factors, Satisfaction, Employee efficiency, Bangladesh. Download PDF Title: Assessing the Impact of Workplace Environment on Employee Efficiency: An Empirical Study of the Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh Author: Sufal Chandra Goldar & Bankim Chandra Sarker Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2632 Media: Online & Print Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 17/11/2025 Date of Publication: 20/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2632.pdf Free download: Available Page: 23-41 First Page: 23 Last Page: 41 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Goldar, S. C. & Sarker, B. C. (2026). Assessing the Impact of Workplace Environment on Employee Efficiency: An Empirical Study of the Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2632   About Author (s) Sufal Chandra Goldar, MBA Graduate, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1041-5773 Bankim Chandra Sarker (Corresponding Author), Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Barishal. Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-8114   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2632 --- ## Examining the Impact of Cloud Computing Adoption on SMEs in Sierra Leone: Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Framework URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8461 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-01 Examining the Impact of Cloud Computing Adoption on SMEs in Sierra Leone: Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Framework  Author (s) Minkailu Bangura, Abu Bakarr Koroma, Christiana S. Holist, Ibrahim Samura, & Mohamed Alusine Sesay   Abstract Cloud computing provides critical opportunities for scalable operations and cost-efficiency, positioning it as a fundamental catalyst for digital transformation and economic resilience among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), particularly those operating in rapidly evolving developing economies. Despite this recognized potential, the adoption of cloud technologies remains inconsistent and suboptimal across many emerging markets. Key inhibiting challenges include pervasive concerns over data security and privacy, resource constraints necessitating a strong financial justification, and the fundamental unreliability of external infrastructure (power and internet quality). This study aimed to empirically examine the determinants influencing cloud computing adoption intention and actual use among SMEs in Sierra Leone. Our investigation utilized the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), extended to incorporate five context-specific external variables: Perceived Security Risk, Trust in Cloud Provider, Cost Advantage, Technological Readiness, and External Infrastructure Quality. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving survey data collected from 360 SMEs decision-makers. Hypotheses were rigorously tested using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis to assess the proposed causal pathways. The key findings strongly affirm the TAM core, demonstrating that Perceived Usefulness is the most significant predictor of Behavioral Intention to adopt. Critically, the study found that External Infrastructure Quality is the dominant factor shaping Perceived Ease of Use, and Cost Advantage is the chief incentive driving Perceived Usefulness. Furthermore, Perceived Security Risk significantly and negatively impacts the technology’s perceived value, though it was found not to be a significant determinant of Perceived Ease of Use, indicating that perceived security concerns do not necessarily reduce ease-of-use perceptions. These findings highlight the importance of capacity building, infrastructure support, and awareness programs in enhancing SMEs adoption of cloud computing. Theoretically, this research validates a context-specific extension of TAM by integrating macro-infrastructural constraints into the model’s cognitive pathways. Practically, the findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and service providers, underscoring the necessity of prioritizing infrastructural stabilization and establishing clear regulatory and security guarantees to unlock the economic benefits of cloud adoption in similar resource-constrained environments. Keywords: Cloud Computing, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Perceived Security Risk, Cost Advantage, External Infrastructure Quality, Adoption Intention. Download PDF Title: Examining the Impact of Cloud Computing Adoption on SMEs in Sierra Leone: Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Framework Author: Minkailu Bangura, Abu Bakarr Koroma, Christiana S. Holist, Ibrahim Samura, & Mohamed Alusine Sesay Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2631 Media: Online Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 08/11/2025 Date of Publication: 11/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2631.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-22 First Page: 1 Last Page: 22 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Bangura, M., Koroma A.B., Holist, C.S., Samura, I., & Sesay, M.A., (2026). Examining the Impact of Cloud Computing Adoption on SMEs in Sierra Leone: Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Framework, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2631 About Author (s) Minkailu Bangura, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China. & Lecturer, International Management Accounting Technology and Tourism (IMATT) College, Sierra Leone. Abu Bakarr Koroma (Corresponding Author), Research Assistant at Center for West African Studies (CWAS), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China. & Lecturer, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3613-104X Christiana S. Holist, School of Business Management, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS), Beijing, China Ibrahim Samura, School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, China Mohamed Alusine Sesay, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University (SWJTU), Sichuan, China   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2631 --- ## Embedding Sustainability in Project Management: Empirical Insights on Green Practices, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance, and Competitive Advantage URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-49-issue-1/8526 Type: post Modified: 2025-12-01 Embedding Sustainability in Project Management: Empirical Insights on Green Practices, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance, and Competitive Advantage  Author (s) Abu Bakarr Koroma, Ibrahim Chernor Jalloh, & Sayo Nakeleh Turay   Abstract In an era where ESG considerations are reshaping corporate governance, this paper examines how green project-management practices influence ESG performance and firm competitiveness in an emerging-market setting. Drawing on a mixed-methods design involving survey responses and in-depth interviews, the study tests a theoretical model in which Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics mediate the relationship between Green Project Management (GPM) and Competitive Advantage (CA), while leadership commitment and stakeholder engagement moderate these effects. Empirical results indicate that project-level adoption of eco-procurement, lifecycle assessment, and carbon-monitoring routines is positively associated with ESG outcomes, which in turn drive innovation, cost efficiency, and market differentiation. Moreover, stronger leadership commitment and more active stakeholder participation amplify these relationships. This research offers both theoretical contributions and managerial tools for practitioners seeking to balance sustainability and performance in project delivery by introducing a practical Sustainability-Integration Scorecard and actionable guidelines for embedding ESG metrics within project workflows. Keywords: Green Project Management, ESG Performance, Competitive Advantage, Sustainability Integration Scorecard, Emerging Markets. Download PDF Title: Embedding Sustainability in Project Management: Empirical Insights on Green Practices, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance, and Competitive Advantage Author: Abu Bakarr Koroma, Ibrahim Chernor Jalloh, & Sayo Nakeleh Turay Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2634 Media: Online Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2026 Acceptance Date: 26/11/2025 Date of Publication: 01/12/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2634.pdf Free download: Available Page: 57-72 First Page: 57 Last Page: 72 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Koroma, A. B., Jalloh, I. C., & Turay,  S. N. (2026). Embedding Sustainability in Project Management: Empirical Insights on Green Practices, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance, and Competitive Advantage, International Journal of Science and Business, 49(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2634   About Author (s) Abu Bakarr Koroma (Corresponding Author), Centre for West African Studies (CWAS), School of Management and Economics (SME), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), China & Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3613-104X Ibrahim Chernor Jalloh, University of Makeni (UniMak), Sierra Leone. Sayo Nakeleh Turay, Institute of Public Administration and Management (IPAM), University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2634 --- ## Exploring the Relationship Between Government Spending and Economic Growth in Sierra Leone from 2007 to 2022 URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8522 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-29 Exploring the Relationship Between Government Spending and Economic Growth in Sierra Leone from 2007 to 2022 Author (s) Alpha Ibrahim Bangura Abstract This study examines government expenditure and macroeconomic indicators in Sierra Leone from 2007 to 2022, focusing on education, healthcare, and military spending alongside GDP growth, inflation, and foreign direct investment. Using descriptive and correlation analyses, it identifies trends in fiscal allocations and macroeconomic outcomes during periods of post-conflict reconstruction and crises, including the Ebola epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate weak associations between government spending and GDP growth. In contrast, correlations between education expenditure and inflation, and between healthcare and military spending, suggest co-movement among fiscal allocations rather than immediate economic effects. The findings highlight the influence of structural constraints, institutional capacity, and external shocks on financial performance. The study provides insights into fiscal patterns in a post-conflict context and underscores the importance of efficient resource allocation, strengthened institutional capacity, and macroeconomic planning. Future research could investigate governance, long-term sectoral impacts, interactions with external debt, and regional comparative analyses across West African countries. Key words: Government expenditure, Economic growth, Sierra Leone, Fiscal policy, Education spending, Healthcare spending, Inflation, Foreign direct investment. Download PDF Title: Exploring the Relationship Between Government Spending and Economic Growth in Sierra Leone from 2007 to 2022 Author: Alpha Ibrahim Bangura Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1158 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 27/11/2025 Date of Publication: 29/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1158.pdf Free download: Available Page: 105-119 First Page: 105 Last Page: 119 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Bangura, A. I. (2026). Exploring the Relationship Between Government Spending and Economic Growth in Sierra Leone from 2007 to 2022, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 105-119.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1158 About Author (s) Alpha Ibrahim Bangura, Master’s Student in Applied Economics, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1425-7939   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1158 --- ## The Impact of Online Marketing Strategies and Challenges on the Financial Performance of Small-Scale Enterprises in Juba City, South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-1-issue-1/8228 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-28 The Impact of Online Marketing Strategies and Challenges on the Financial Performance of Small-Scale Enterprises in Juba City, South Sudan  Author (s) Anguyo Amos & Prof. Maxwell Adea Abstract This study investigates the impact of online marketing strategies and the challenges affecting their adoption on the financial performance of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Juba City, South Sudan. As digital platforms increasingly shape business promotion, SSEs face both opportunities and constraints in leveraging online marketing to enhance competitiveness, customer reach, and profitability. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to examine the extent of online marketing adoption, the barriers encountered, and the relationship between digital marketing practices and financial outcomes. The findings reveal that while many SSEs have begun using social media, mobile advertising, and e-commerce tools, adoption remains constrained by infrastructural limitations, low digital literacy, high internet costs, and inconsistent government policies. Nevertheless, enterprises that systematically integrate online marketing strategies achieve higher sales, broader customer engagement, and improved financial performance compared to those relying solely on traditional marketing. The study concludes that online marketing holds substantial potential for driving SSE growth in Juba City, contingent on strengthened policy support, capacity-building initiatives, and improved digital infrastructure. These findings contribute to the literature on digital entrepreneurship in developing economies and provide actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and entrepreneurs aiming to foster sustainable small-scale business growth. Keywords: Online marketing, small-scale business enterprises (SSBEs), digital marketing strategies, Juba City, South Sudan, mixed-methods research. Download PDF Title: The Impact of Online Marketing Strategies and Challenges on the Financial Performance of Small-Scale Enterprises in Juba City, South Sudan Author: Anguyo Amos & Prof. Maxwell Adea Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5005 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2024 Acceptance Date: 10/09/2025 Date of Publication: 20/09/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5005.pdf Free download: Available Page: 70-86 First Page: 70 Last Page: 86 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Amos, A. & Adea, M. (2025). The Impact of Online Marketing Strategies and Challenges on the Financial Performance of Small-Scale Enterprises in Juba City, South Sudan, Journal of Market Research, 1(1), 70-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5005 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5005.pdf About Author (s) Anguyo Amos, PhD Candidate, School of Business and Management, University of Juba, South Sudan. Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea, Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan, Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan, & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5005 --- ## Autocratic Leadership and Employee Performance in Public Universities of South Sudan: Implications for Fragile States URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-1-issue-1/8225 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-28 Autocratic Leadership and Employee Performance in Public Universities of South Sudan: Implications for Fragile States  Author (s) Daniel Atem Apet & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Abstract This study examines the impact of autocratic leadership on employee performance in three public universities in the Republic of South Sudan. Beyond contributing to the development of higher education locally, the study aims to provide insights into leadership practices in fragile states and their implications for organizational performance globally. Findings indicate that autocratic leadership is the dominant style, with 48.2% of respondents agreeing or strongly agreeing, while 25% were uncertain and 26.9% disagreed or strongly disagreed. The prevalence of this style is influenced by ongoing socio-economic crises and conflict, which limit leaders’ capacity to fully exercise their roles. Key challenges identified include delays and inconsistencies in staff promotions, inadequate investment in training and professional development, poor infrastructural development, and insufficient motivation packages for employees. These factors hinder staff performance, reduce institutional growth, and affect the quality of graduates produced. Overall, the study concludes that while autocratic leadership is prevalent, it does not significantly enhance employee performance or institutional development. The restrictive nature of this style, compounded by external challenges, limits management efficiency and organizational progress. The research recommends adopting more participatory or transformational leadership approaches to improve staff performance and the overall quality of higher education in South Sudan. Keywords: Autocratic, Leadership, Employees, performance, public Universities. Download PDF Title: Autocratic Leadership and Employee Performance in Public Universities of South Sudan: Implications for Fragile States Author: Daniel Atem Apet & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5004 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2024 Acceptance Date: 17/09/2025 Date of Publication: 20/09/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5004.pdf Free download: Available Page: 54-69 First Page: 54 Last Page: 69 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Apet, D. A. & Adea, M. (2025). Autocratic Leadership and Employee Performance in Public Universities of South Sudan: Implications for Fragile States, Journal of Market Research, 1(1), 54-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5004 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5004.pdf About Author (s) Daniel Atem Apet, PhD Candidate, School of Business and Management, University of Juba, South Sudan. Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea, Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan, Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan, & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5004 --- ## Financial Markets and Sustainability: Lessons from Mozambique and China URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-1-issue-1/7759 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-28 Financial Markets and Sustainability: Lessons from Mozambique and China  Author (s) David Lucas Muaga Junior Abstract This paper explores the evolution and structure of financial markets in China and Mozambique, highlighting the contemporary dynamics shaping their financial landscapes. It traces China’s transition from a state-controlled economy to a global financial powerhouse, driven by economic reforms, market integration, and technological innovation. Similarly, Mozambique’s financial system, shaped by its colonial past, socialist policies, and post-war liberalization, faces challenges such as financial inclusion and external dependency. The study examines the role of fintech, economic reforms, and sustainable finance in both countries, emphasizing their potential for inclusive growth and long-term stability. By analyzing these transformations, the paper sheds light on how financial markets in China and Mozambique are adapting to globalization, technological advancements, and sustainability imperatives. Keywords: Financial markets, economic reforms, fintech, sustainable finance, financial inclusion, globalization. Download PDF Title: Financial Markets and Sustainability: Lessons from Mozambique and China Author: David Lucas Muaga Junior Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5003 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2024 Acceptance Date: 12/02/2025 Date of Publication: 13/02/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5003.pdf Free download: Available Page: 38-53 First Page: 38 Last Page: 53 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Muaga Junior, D. L. (2025). Financial Markets and Sustainability: Lessons from Mozambique and China, Journal of Market Research, 1(1), 38-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5003 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5003.pdf About Author (s) David Lucas Muaga Junior, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5003 --- ## Turnaround Strategies Adopted by Banks in Kenya: An Academic Research Paper URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-1-issue-1/7747 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-28 Turnaround Strategies Adopted by Banks in Kenya: An Academic Research Paper  Author (s) Fredrick Kariithi Githui & Fanice Junge Nafula Abstract The study explores turnaround strategies adopted by Kenyan banks in response to challenges that include deteriorating financial performance, operational inefficiencies, and market pressures. The banking industry has been beset by increasing NPLs, changing customer expectations, regulatory reforms, and technology disruptions, all of which have called for strategic interventions toward recovery and growth in a sustainable manner. The paper reviews the strategic responses of banks in regard to cost-cutting, operational efficiency, revenue diversification, organizational restructuring, and technology-driven innovations. A mixed-method approach helps to accomplish comprehensive analyses by including case studies of banks where the turnaround strategy was implemented, financial reports, Central Bank of Kenya publications, and interviews with experts. The study will, therefore, focus on some of the challenges of implementing this strategy, such as internal and external resistance to change, regulatory constraints, and the high costs of technological adoption. It also evaluates the wider consequences on financial stability, market shares, and customer loyalty. The research brings to light the various successes and limitations of these strategies in Kenya’s dynamic financial sector. This work serves as a strategic blueprint for banks that are similarly beset by challenges and adds to the knowledge base on turnaround management in financial services. Conclusively, this study shall help policymakers, bank executives, and industry practitioners navigate through financial and operational turbulence with a long-term perspective of resilience and growth. Keywords: Turnaround Strategies, Kenyan Banks, Non-Performing Loans (NPLs), Competitive Market, Banking Sector, Strategic Management, Financial Stability. Download PDF Title: Turnaround Strategies Adopted by Banks in Kenya: An Academic Research Paper Author: Fredrick Kariithi Githui & Fanice Junge Nafula Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5002 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2024 Acceptance Date: 10/02/2025 Date of Publication: 13/02/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5002.pdf Free download: Available Page: 19-37 First Page: 19 Last Page: 37 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Githui, F. K. & Nafula, F., J. (2025). Turnaround Strategies Adopted by Banks in Kenya: An Academic Research Paper, Journal of Market Research, 1(1), 19-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5002 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5002.pdf About Author (s) Fredrick Kariithi Githui (Corresponding Author), School of Business, KCA University, Kenya. Fanice Junge Nafula, School of Business, KCA University, Kenya.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5002 --- ## Global and Digital Marketing of Oil and Gas Products: Prospects and Hurdles URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jmr-volume-1-issue-1/7212 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-28 Global and Digital Marketing of Oil and Gas Products: Prospects and Hurdles  Author (s) Jacob Dut Chol Riak Abstract This paper discusses global and digital marketing strategies in the context of business and politics. It highlights the importance of global and digital marketing in promoting products and profits. Theories of global marketing, such as Uppsala Internationalization and Network Internationalization, are critiqued. Case studies and empirical literature reviews were used as research methodology, including the analysis of global and digital marketing strategies, prospects, and challenges. The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) was examined, identifying challenges such as deregulation, lack of infrastructure, customer needs, and market diversification. Solutions include better regulations, investment incentives, customer retention, and market diversification. The Nile Petroleum Corporation (NILEPET) was analyzed in terms of market segmentation, brand building, and customer engagement, while Baker Hughes East Africa Ltd’s digital marketing strategy was also reviewed. Tools like email marketing, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), and social media were noted. The global marketing of crude oil, with a focus on the South Sudan Crude Oil Marketing Joint Committee, was explored, along with future market prospects. Challenges such as lack of investment, inadequate infrastructure, and risks like cyberbullying and online scamming were also discussed. The paper concludes by emphasizing the prioritization of global and digital marketing in business operations, particularly in the oil and gas industry. Keywords: Global, Digital, Marketing, Strategy, Theory, Uppsala, Network, Internationalization, Prospect, Hurdle. Download PDF Title: Global and Digital Marketing of Oil and Gas Products: Prospects and Hurdles Author: Jacob Dut Chol Riak Journal Name: Journal of Market Research ISSN: 3106-549X DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5001 Website: ijsab.com Media: Online Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2024 Acceptance Date: 03/10/2024 Date of Publication: 06/10/2024 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5001.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-18 First Page: 1 Last Page: 18 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Riak, J. D. C. (2024). Global and Digital Marketing of Oil and Gas Products: Prospects and Hurdles, Journal of Market Research, 1(1), 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JMR.5001 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/5001.pdf About Author (s) Jacob Dut Chol Riak, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Juba. South Sudan. 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(1)E-commerce logistics (1)E-commerce platforms (1)E-Customer Loyalty. (2)E-Customer Satisfaction (2)E-Governance (1)E-learning (1)E-mail Marketing (1)E-marketing (1)E-Recruitment (1)E-Servicescape (1)e-waste (1)E-WOM (1)EAC Integration (1)EAI-FEWS (1)Early marriage (1)Early warning (1)Earning per share (EPS) (1)Earnings Management (2)Earnings per share (1)Earthquake (1)East Africa community (1)East Africa countries (1)East African Monetary Union (3)East Asia (1)Eastern Africa. (1)Eastern Area. (1)Eastern Bank Limited (1)Eco-friendly products (1)Eco-label (1)Ecommerce (1)econometric techniques (1)economic (1)Economic dependence (1)Economic Development (6)Economic Dimension (1)economic empowerment (2)Economic Environment (1)Economic Equity (1)Economic freedom (1)Economic Freedom Index (1)Economic Growth (38)Economic growth and poverty (1)Economic impact (1)economic implications (1)Economic Partnership Agreement (1)Economic Reforms (2)Economic Sustainability (1)Economic system (1)Economic transition (1)Economics (11)Economics Growth (2)Economies (2)Economy (1)Ecosystems (1)Ecotourism (1)ECOWAS (1)Edge Computing (2)Edge Computing (EC) (1)Edge inference (1)education (6)Education 4.0 (1)Education spending (1)Education system (1)Education-to-Employment Transition (1)Educational Barriers (1)Educational Management (1)educational policies (1)Educational recommender system (1)Educational Reform (1)Educational technology (1)EEG machine learning (1)EEG neural networks (1)EEG signal filtering (1)Effect reasoning (1)Effective Communication (2)effective content (1)Effective Motivation Strategies (1)Effectiveness (1)Efficiency (6)Efficient (1)Egypt (1)Egyptian Ports (1)Elasticity of capital (1)Elasticity of Labor (1)Elderly Population (1)electric power generation (1)Electrical Machines (1)Electricity infrastructure security (1)Electronic manufacturing (1)Electronic tax system (1)Electronic Voting (1)Elements (1)Elite talents (1)Emerging Economies (2)Emerging Economy (2)emerging market (2)Emerging Markets (1)Emotion mechanism (1)Emotional attachment (1)Emotional Exhaustion (1)Emotional Intelligence (2)Emotional labor (1)Emotional management (1)Emotions (1)Empathy (3)Empirical analysis (1)Empirical research (1)Empirical use case (1)Employability (2)Employee (2)Employee Attitude (1)Employee Behavior (1)Employee Benefit (1)Employee Caring (1)Employee Commitment (1)employee creativity (2)employee customer orientation (1)Employee Development (1)Employee dynamic capability (1)Employee efficiency (1)employee engagement (7)Employee global mobility (1)Employee Happiness (1)employee helping behavior (1)Employee incentive mechanism. (1)Employee innovation behavior (2)Employee innovation performance. (1)Employee Involvement (1)employee motivation (5)Employee performance (11)Employee Productivity (1)Employee Psychological Capital (1)Employee Retention (2)Employee Satisfaction (2)Employee Satisfaction and Learning Organization (1)Employee turnover (1)Employee Well-Being (3)Employee’s selection process (1)employees (4)Employees' innovative behavior (1)Employees’ Motivation (2)employees’ performance (3)Employer Brand (1)Employment (5)Employment generation (1)Empowering leadership (1)Empowerment (3)Endogenous Growth (1)Energy conservation (1)energy consumption (2)Energy efficiency (1)Energy usage (1)Engagement (2)Engle-Granger causality test (1)English language teaching (1)English textbook (1)enhance safety (1)Enhancing (1)Ensembles of Decision Tree (1)Enterprise growth (3)Enterprise innovation (1)Enterprise innovation capability (1)Enterprise LAN (1)Enterprise performance. (2)Enterprise resource acquisition capability (1)Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) (1)enterprise safety performance (1)Enterprise Stability (1)Enterprise transformation (1)Enterprises (1)Entrepreneur (3)entrepreneurial ability (1)Entrepreneurial aspiration (1)Entrepreneurial Capabilities (1)Entrepreneurial Challenges (1)Entrepreneurial ecosystem (1)Entrepreneurial Finance (1)Entrepreneurial Growth (1)Entrepreneurial Innovation (1)Entrepreneurial intention (1)Entrepreneurial orientation (1)Entrepreneurial Passion (1)entrepreneurial performance (1)Entrepreneurial Persistence (1)Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (1)Entrepreneurial Skills (1)Entrepreneurial social capital (1)Entrepreneurial spirit (1)Entrepreneurial sustainability (1)Entrepreneurs (1)Entrepreneurship Development (1)Entrepreneurship programs (1)Entrepreneurship. (3)Entry (2)Entry deterrence (1)Entry mode (1)Environment (2)Environment Preservation (1)Environmental accounting reporting (1)Environmental Concern (1)Environmental Consciousness (2)Environmental degradation (2)Environmental dynamics (2)Environmental Dynamism (2)environmental impacts (1)Environmental Issue (1)environmental justice (1)Environmental Knowledge (1)Environmental Kuznets Curve (2)Environmental performance (1)environmental pollution (3)Environmental Pressure (1)Environmental sustainability (1)Environmental turbulence. (2)Environmentalism (1)Epidemiological investigation (1)epidemiological study (1)Epistemology (4)Equilibrium Point (1)Equity (1)Equity Crowdfunding (1)Equity Multiplier (1)ERRC framework (1)erroneous cognitive reflections (1)Error Correction Model (1)ESG Performance (1)ESP32 microcontroller (1)Essential Living (1)ETF (1)Ethereum (1)Ethical behavior (1)Ethical Hacking (1)Ethical Leadership (2)Ethical Marketing (1)Ethical Orientation (1)Ethical Pragmatism (1)Ethiopia. (2)Ethnic identity (1)ethnic politics (1)Ethnographic Peace Research (1)EU migration policy (1)Euclidean distance (1)European Union (1)Evaluation convenience (1)Evaluation System (1)Everything But Arms (1)Evolution (2)EWQI (1)Exact Solution (1)Exchange Rate (3)Exchange Rates (1)Excise Tax Compliance (1)Existence (1)Existing public toilet (1)Exogenous Growth (1)Expatriate adjustment (1)Expatriates’ informal field-based learning (1)Expatriates’ international experience (1)Expectation confirmation (1)expectations (1)Experience (2)Expertise (1)Explainable AI (XAI) (1)Explainable machine learning (2)Exploitation activities (1)Explore (1)Export (2)export competitiveness (2)Export Compliance (1)Exporting (1)Exports (3)Exposure (1)Extended producer responsibility (1)External Business network (1)external control (1)External Debt (1)External incentives (1)External Infrastructure Quality (1)External Knowledge Acquisition (1)External push factors (1)Externalisation (1)extraction of EEG features (1)extractive industries (1)Extractives (1)F&B Industry (1)Face Recognition (1)Factor Analysis (1)Factorial (1)Factors (3)Faculty Performance Management (1)Failure attribution (1)Fairness perception (1)Fama-French Three Factors Model (1)Familiarity (2)family education level (1)family members (1)Family monthly income (1)Family support (1)Farmer behaviour (1)Farmer creativity (1)Farmer preferences (1)Farmer resilience (1)Farmyard manure (1)Fashion clothing (1)Fast analyzing (1)Fast Fourier transform (FFT) EEG (1)Fault detection (1)Favorable conditions (1)FDI (14)FDI inflows (1)Fear (1)Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) (1)Feature Extraction (2)Feature Matching (1)Features Selection (1)Federated learning (1)Feed fermentation (1)feedback (1)Felt Obligation for Constructive Change. (1)Female director representation (1)Female Employment (1)Female entrepreneurs (2)Female Inmates (1)Female Labor Force Participation (1)Female labour Force Participation (1)Female sectoral employment (1)Female unemployment (1)Fermentation (2)fermentation process (1)Fertility (1)Fertilizers (1)FGD (1)fifth generation network (1)Finance (1)Finance Accounts (1)Finance and Banking (1)Financial Accountability (1)Financial Administration (1)financial crimes (1)financial development (4)Financial Development and Inflation (1)Financial difficulties (1)Financial Distress (1)Financial Education (1)Financial fraud (1)Financial fraud detection (1)Financial Health (1)financial inclusion (8)financial inclusion index (1)financial institution (1)Financial Institutions (1)Financial Intelligence Unit (1)Financial leverage (2)financial leverage/capital structure/debt ratio (1)Financial Liberalization (1)Financial liberalization Measures. (1)Financial literacy (2)Financial management (2)Financial management effectiveness (1)Financial markets (1)Financial Performance (6)Financial Performance & Position (1)Financial Regulation (1)Financial soundness (1)Financial Stability (3)financial technology (1)Financial Variables (1)Financing (1)Finding a job (1)Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) Malting (1)FinTech (2)FinTech Adoption (1)Firewalls (1)Firm characteristics (1)Firm Innovation (1)firm performance (8)Firm profitability (1)firm reporting practices (1)Firm Size (2)firm value (3)Fiscal and Monetary Policies (1)Fiscal indiscipline (1)Fiscal policy (2)Fiscal Stability (1)fitness service industry (1)Five product level (1)fixed effect (2)fixed effect model (1)Fixed Effects Model (1)Fixed- effects (1)Flexibility (1)Floodplain (1)floods (1)Flow Experience (1)flux (1)FMCG Industry (1)FMOLS (1)Focused acquisition (1)Fog Computing (3)Fog Computing (FC) (1)Fog Nodes (1)Food (2)Food donate (1)Food habit (1)food industrial production (1)Food quality (2)Food reuse (1)Food safety (2)food security (4)food-beverage (1)Footwear (1)Footwear Brand (1)forced displacement (1)Forecasting (2)Foreign Aid (1)Foreign Commercial Bank(s) (1)Foreign Direct Investment (8)Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (2)Foreign Direct Investments (1)foreign exchange derivatives (1)Foreign investment (1)Foreign Reserves (1)Foreign residents (1)Foreign trade enterprises (2)Forensic accounting (1)Forensic accounting and fraud examination (1)Forests (1)Forward chaining (1)Forward reasoning (1)Foundational Capabilities (1)FPGA (1)Fragile States (1)framing theory (1)Fraud Detection (1)Freetown (1)Fringe firms (1)FTA (1)fund performance (1)Funding Structure (1)Fundmanagers (1)Furniture (1)Future (1)Future of Journalism (1)Future Trends (1)Futures markets (1)Fuzzy Model (1)Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method. (1)Fuzzy Time Series (1)Game Theory (1)Gamification (1)Garment (1)garment sectors (1)garments workers. (1)GDP (10)GDP growth (1)Gender (5)Gender Discrimination. (1)Gender Diversity (1)Gender dynamics (1)Gender Equality (3)Gender equity (1)Gender Inequality (1)Gender norms (1)Gender-Based Violence (1)Gender-Specific Policies (1)Gender; Employment status (1)Gendered Marketing (1)Generation X (1)Generation Y (1)Generation Z (1)Generative artificial intelligence (1)Genetics and Animal Breeding (1)genotype. (1)geographical Infrastructure (1)Geosite assessment (1)Geospatial Big Data (1)Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) (1)Gettier problem (2)Ghana (4)GHG emissions (1)Gig economy (1)GIS (2)GLIS (1)Global (1)Global economic growth (1)Global economy (1)Global Governance (1)Global Governance. De-carburization (1)Global health practices (1)Global health systems (1)Global job village (1)Global market (1)Global Supply Chains (1)Global Warming (2)globalization (3)GLS (1)GM Counter (1)GMM (4)GMM Estimation (1)GMM Model (1)Goat milk (1)Good Governance (1)Google Maps integration (1)Google trends (1)Governance (4)Governance and Accountability (1)Governance Effectiveness (1)Governance quality (1)Government (1)Government Accounting (1)Government Expenditure (3)Government Fiscal Expenditure (1)Government institutions; IaaS (1)Government Ownership (1)Government policies (1)Government subsidies (1)Government Support. (1)Grade 3A specialized hospital (1)Graduate Employability (1)grain (1)Granger Causality (3)Granger Causality test (2)Graph neural network (1)Graph neural networks (1)Gratitude (1)Gravity (1)Gravity Model (1)Greater Bay Area (1)Greater Upper Nile (1)Green Banking (1)Green Behavior (1)Green brand (1)Green Brand Awareness (1)Green Brand Image (1)Green Brand Positioning (1)Green building policy (1)Green Consumerism (1)Green Cosmetics (1)Green Finance (1)Green HRM (1)Green Industrialization (1)Green Investment (1)Green Project Management (1)Green Purchase (2)Green purchase intention (1)Green Supply Chain Management (1)Green technology (1)Greenhouse gas (2)Greenhouse Monitoring (1)GRI (2)Grievance Mechanisms (1)Grocery shop. (1)Gross Capita Formation (1)Gross domestic product (2)Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (3)Gross domestic product per capita (1)Gross Expenditure (1)Gross Fixed Capital Formation (1)Gross Profitability (1)Gross Savings (1)Grounded theory (1)Groundwater recharge (1)Growth (9)growth ability (1)Growth and yield performance (1)growth expectation (1)growth of women entrepreneurs (1)Growth Opportunities (1)Growth Rate (1)Guangdong (1)Guangdong entrepreneurs (1)Guangdong Manufacturing (1)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (1)Guava wine (1)Gunungkidul (1)Gut health (1)Gymnastics History (1)H.C.I (1)HACCP (1)HADOOP (1)Hainan (2)Halal Certification (1)Halal Skincare (1)Halalpreneurship (1)Hand hygiene practices (1)Handloom Industry (1)Happiness Determinants (1)happiness harmony (1)Harmful consequences (1)Harmful effects (1)hausman test (1)Hawassa (1)HDFS (1)HDI (1)health (1)Health Concern (1)health education strategies (1)Health Equity (1)Health expenditure (1)health literacy (1)Health management (1)Health policy (1)health problems (1)Health promoting leadership (1)health service enterprises (1)Health spending efficiency (1)Healthcare (3)Healthcare Accessibility (1)Healthcare expenditure (2)healthcare providers (2)Healthcare quality (1)Healthcare spending (1)Hedonic motivation (1)Hedonic Value (1)Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory (1)Heterogeneous (1)Hierarchical dynamics (1)High Production Cost (1)High tech enterprise (1)High-tech enterprises (3)High-tech Manufacturing Company (1)High-tech products (1)Higher Education (2)Higher Education Reform (1)Hijra (1)History (1)HIV (2)Home country. (1)Home garden (1)Homelessness (1)Homogeneous Database (1)Homogeneous management (1)Hong Kong (1)Horticulture (1)hospitality industry (1)Host country (1)Host Country Nationals (1)Host-community (1)Hotel selection (1)hotel service (1)Hotel Service Recovery (1)Hotelling T^2 (1)hotels (1)Household (3)Household economic stability (1)households (1)households and Duhok province (1)Housing costs (1)HR Strategy (1)HSC ICT Curriculum (1)HSTU (1)Human activity recognition (1)Human Capital (3)Human disease (1)Human health (3)Human health concern (1)Human resource (3)human resource management (2)human resources (2)Human Resources Management (1)Human Resources Strategies (1)human rights (1)Human Role Evolution Model (1)Human Roles (1)Human-Centred AI (1)Human-centred design (1)Human-in-the-Loop (1)human-to-human technology (1)Human–AI Collaboration (1)humidity (1)Humility (1)Hurdle. (1)Husbandry practices (1)Hybrid CNN‑Transformer (1)hybrid learning (1)Hybrid linear operators (1)Hybrid Political Orders (1)Hybrid rice (1)Hybrid Work (1)Hydrochemistry (1)Hydrographic survey (1)Hygiene (2)Hygiene factors (1)IAAS (1)IBBL (2)ICDSI (1)ICT (2)ICT adoption (1)ICT Graduates (1)ICT infrastructure (1)Identification with Humankind (1)IDS (1)IFRS-4 (1)IGBT (1)Illicit Trade (1)illusion (1)illusory management (1)Image Classification (2)Immigrant entrepreneurs (1)Immunostimulant (1)Impact (3)Impacts (2)Impacts of Covid-19 (1)Implementation challenges (1)Implementation of innovation (1)Implementation procedures (1)Import (1)Import/Export (1)Imports (1)Improvisation behavior (1)Impulsiveness (1)IMS (1)Incentive Alignment (1)incentive mechanism (1)Inclusive Design (1)Inclusive Education (1)inclusive governance (1)Inclusive Leadership (2)Inclusive Workplace (1)Income from investment (1)Income Level (1)income tax (1)Income-Generating Activities (IGAs) (1)Inconsequential (1)increased output (1)Incubator (1)Incubator Operational Performance (1)Incumbent operators (2)Independent t-test (1)individual characteristics (1)Individual Factors (2)Individual performance (1)Indonesian spices (1)Industrial data quality (1)industrial decarbonization (1)industrial park (2)Industrial processing (1)Industrial production (1)Industrial sector (1)Industrial sectors (1)industrial service quality and business performance (1)Industrial wastewater (1)industrial world (1)Industrialization (4)Industry (3)industry preference (1)Industry Value (1)Infant formula (1)Infection (1)infectious disease (1)Infectious diseases (1)infestation (1)Inflation (7)Inflation Co-integration (1)Inflation Dynamics (1)Inflation Rate (2)Inflow remittances (1)Inflows Remittance (2)Influencer Endorsement (1)Influencer Marketing (1)influential factors (1)Informal sector (1)Information (3)Information Dissemination (1)Information presentation (1)Information quality (1)Information System (1)Information Systems (1)information technology (1)Information technology capabilities (1)Information-Driven Decision Rationality (IDDR) (1)Informational Interface (1)Infrastructure (1)Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (2)Infrastructure Quality (1)Innovation (9)innovation behavior and innovation performance (1)Innovation behaviour (1)Innovation Capability (2)Innovation capacity (2)Innovation Ecosystem (1)Innovation Network (1)Innovation Performance (12)Innovation Performance and Counseling Industry (1)Innovation Performance and High-tech Enterprises. (1)Innovation policy (1)Innovation readiness (1)Innovation Resistance (1)Innovation Resistance Theory (1)Innovative ability of knowledge employees (1)Innovative behavior (1)Innovative business practices (1)Innovative Capabilities (1)Innovative capability (2)Innovative strategies (1)Innovative Talent Training (1)Innovative work performance (1)Instagram (1)Institutional capacity (5)Institutional coordination (1)Institutional Credit (1)institutional environment (2)Institutional Feedback Gap (1)institutional performance (2)Institutional Performances (1)Institutional quality (1)Institutional readiness (1)Institutional Support (2)institutional theory (2)Institutionalism (1)institutions (2)Insurance (3)Insurance Companies (1)Insurance Industry (1)Insurance Market (1)insurance organization (1)Insurance services (1)Insurance system (1)Integrated Catchment Management (1)Integrated marketing communications (1)Integrated nutrient management (1)Intellectual Capital (2)Intellectual Capital Disclosure (1)intellectual workers (1)intelligent agent (1)Intelligent Search (2)Intention (1)Intention to Adopt (1)Intention to disclose personal information (1)Interactional Justice (1)Interactional Quality (1)Interest in Continuing Studies. (1)Interest Rate (3)Interest rate change (1)Interest rate spread (1)Interest Rates. (1)Interface management (1)Internal (1)Internal Audit (2)Internal Conflict Index (1)internal control (4)Internal Control Systems (1)Internal Environment (1)Internal identity perception (1)Internal incentives (1)Internal marketing (1)Internal pull factors (1)Internalism (2)International Adjudication (1)International Cooperation Unit (1)International Maritime Cooperation (1)International migration (2)International purchasing (1)International relations (1)International trade (4)Internationalization (4)Internet (1)internet banking (1)Internet of Everything (IoE); Internet of Nano-things (IoNT). (1)Internet of Things (7)Internet of Things (IoT) (9)Internet of Vehicles (IoV) (1)Internet Reviews (1)interpersonal conflict (1)Interpretable Machine Learning (1)Interpretive structural modeling (1)Interpretivism (1)intervertebral disc (1)Interview (1)Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation. (1)Intrusion (1)Inventory (1)Inventory conversion period (1)Inventory Management (1)Inventory scale (1)investment (2)Investment Income (1)investment level (1)Investor (1)Ionizing Radiation (1)IoT (5)IoT Application (1)IoT Applications (1)IoT monitoring (1)IPS (1)Iran Country (1)Iraq economics (1)Iraqi depositor (1)Irish Potato (1)Iron and steel enterprises (1)Irregular migration (1)Irrigation Management (1)Islamic Banking (1)Islamic Banks (1)Islamic crowdfunding (1)Islamic Finance (1)Islamic Microfinance (1)ISMS (1)IT Capability (1)Jaggan (1)Jensen Alpha (1)Job burnout (1)Job Demands-Resources Theory (1)job displacement (4)job embeddedness (1)Job Growth (1)Job performance (6)Job satisfaction (8)job satisfaction drivers (1)Job security (2)Job seekers (1)Job Stability (1)Johansen Cointegration test (1)Journalism (2)Juba City (2)Jute Product (1)K- means (1)K-NN. (1)Kajo-Keji County (1)Kaldor theory. (1)Karst (1)Kazakhstan (1)KBS (1)Keccak (1)Kenya (2)Kenyan Banks (1)Keynes General Theory (1)KIKO Make Up Milano (1)kinship (1)Kisoro Branch (1)KMO (1)KNN (1)KNN model (1)Knowledge (8)knowledge absorptive capability (1)Knowledge base (1)Knowledge justification (2)Knowledge management (2)Knowledge management process (1)Knowledge Payment Behavior. (1)Knowledge Quality (1)knowledge sharing (6)Knowledge-based employees in IT industry (1)Knowledge-based system (1)Kotalipara (1)Koye Feche (1)Kuakata (1)Kurdish society (1)Kuri Community (1)Kut City. (1)Laban Movement Analysis (1)Labor Force (2)Labor market (1)labor market frictions (1)Labor mobility (1)Labor productivity (1)labor remuneration (1)Labor Rights (1)Labour force (1)Labour Force Participation Rate (1)Labour laws (1)Labour Market (2)Lack of raw Materials (1)Lakes. (1)Landlocked Developing Countries (1)Language differences (1)Language Policies (1)Lao PDR. (3)Laos (2)Laos PDR (1)Latent Heat (1)Law enforcement (1)LDCs (1)Leader humor (1)leadership (8)Leadership Attributes (1)leadership behavior (1)Leadership Effectiveness (1)leadership empowerment (1)Leadership style (1)Leadership Styles (1)leadership theories (1)leadership types (1)Leadership-member exchange (1)Lean Production (1)Lean rate (1)Lean redesign (1)LEAN Tools (1)Learning agility (1)Learning outcomes (1)Least Developed Countries (1)Leave (1)Legal analysis (1)Legal and Regulatory Harmonization (1)legal education (1)Legal ethics (1)Legal Frameworks (1)Legal Harmonization (2)Legal Innovation (1)legal pluralism (1)Legal practitioners (1)Legal Reform (1)Legal Technology (1)Lekhobanyane (1)Lentil (1)Lessons (1)LiDAR sensor (1)Life expectancy (2)Likupang (1)Limit Pricing (3)Limited access of modern Technology (1)Lingnan medicinal cuisine (1)Linguistic Distance. (1)Linguistic Diversity (1)Liquid liabilities (1)Liquidity (2)Liquidity Preference (1)Liquidity Ratio (1)Listed companies (1)Listeria monocytogenes (1)live in (1)Live Streamer (1)live streaming. (1)Livelihood practices (1)Livestock (1)livestock farmers (1)Livestock health services (1)Livestock Production (1)LLC (1)LM test (1)Loan Default Prediction (1)Loan Portfolio (2)Loan portfolio performance (1)loan recovery (1)Loan Repayment (1)Loan Tenure (1)Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (1)Local Integration (1)Local Peace Actors (1)Local People (2)Local wisdom (1)Location (1)Location determinants of FDI (1)Location of Two Samples (1)Lockdown (3)Logarithm of Money Supply (1)Logistic Regression (3)Logistics capability (1)Logistics service guarantee (1)Long term Debt to total asset (1)Long-Term Synergy (1)long-term viability (1)Low- and middle-income countries (1)loyalty (5)Loyalty Programs (1)LTE-Advanced (1)Luxurious goods (1)Luxury hotel (1)M-banking adoption intention m-banking adoption (1)M&S (1)M2 (1)MA (1)Macao (1)Machiavellianism (1)Machine Learning (20)Machine-to-Machine (M2M) (1)Macroeconomic Factors (2)Macroeconomic Management (1)magnetic field (1)magnetic imaging (1)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)male suicide (1)Malnutrition (1)Maluku (1)Malware Detection (1)Management (13)management constraints (1)Management Control (1)Management Fee (1)management function (1)Management Innovation (1)Management practices (1)Management research paradigm (1)Managerial Capabilities (1)Managerial Caring (1)Managerial Coaching (1)Managerial Decision Making (2)Managerial Skills (1)Managerial Ties (1)Managers' empathy (1)Managers' psychological capital (1)Mango Farmers (1)Mann-Whitney U test (1)MANOVA (1)Manufacturing (1)Manufacturing efficiency (1)Manufacturing enterprises (1)manufacturing productivity (1)Manufacturing Sector (1)Mapping Study (1)MapReduce (1)Marginal Productivity of Capital (1)Marginal Productivity of Labor (1)Maritime Delimitation (1)Maritime Investment (1)Maritime Management (2)Market capitalization (2)market concentration (1)Market confidence (1)Market development (1)market development strategies (1)market liberalization (1)Market Orientation (2)Market positioning. (1)Market prospects (1)Market proximity (1)Market Risk (1)Market share price. (1)Market Value (1)Marketing (12)Marketing Analysis (1)Marketing communication (1)Marketing Management (1)Marketing Matrix (1)Marketing Mix (2)Marketing Position (1)Marketing Resources (1)Marketing Strategies (1)Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (1)Materialism (1)Maternal Health Care (MHC) (1)MATLAB (1)Mean Sea Level (1)Means–Ends Decoupling (1)measurement (1)Measures (1)media (2)Mediating effect (1)Mediating effects (1)Mediating role (1)Mediation (3)Mediation analysis (1)Mediator (1)Medical (1)Medical device manufacturers (1)Medical Images (1)Medical Imaging (1)Medical imaging governance (1)Medical text classification (1)Medium-Sized Businesses (1)Melon (1)Melut Basin (1)member’ perception (1)members’ participation (1)members’ satisfaction (1)Membrane bioreactor (1)MENA region (1)Menstrual absorbent change (1)Menstruation (1)mental health (1)Menu Selection (1)Merit pay (1)Metabolites (1)Micro (1)Micro Credit (2)Micro Finance and Empowerment (1)micro-insurance (1)micro-saving (1)micro-training (1)Microbial strains (1)Microcredit (1)Microcredit repayment (1)Microfinance (6)Microsoft Excel 2010 (1)Microstrip Patch Antenna (1)MICS (1)Middle Eastern Countries (2)Middle income country (1)Middle-aged (1)Migrant (1)Migration (3)Migration cost (1)Milano Grid (1)Millet (1)Mineral governance (1)Mininet (1)Mining Conflict (1)Mining Industry in Sierra Leone (1)Ministry Interior (1)Ministry of Finance and Planning (1)Minority Languages (1)MIPS Processor (1)Mitigation approaches (1)mixed-methods research (1)MM theory (1)MNCs (1)Mobile application (1)Mobile Banking (4)Mobile Journalism (1)Mobile money (1)mobile money transfers. (1)Mobile payment (1)Mobile phone (2)Mobile phones (1)Mobile Telephone Networks (1)Mobilization (1)Model (1)Modelling – Technique (1)Models (1)Moderated chain mediation model (1)Moderating effect (2)Moderating effects (1)Moderation analysis (1)Monetary Integration (3)Monetary Policy (2)Monetary Union (1)Monetary variables (1)Money Market (1)Money supply (2)Mongolia. (4)Monitoring and Evaluation (1)Monney Supply (1)Moral Autonomy (1)Moral courage (1)Moral Identity (1)MOSFET (1)Most Favored Nations (1)Motivation (2)Motivation theory (1)Motivation-Growth Relationship (1)mountains (2)Moyamba District (1)Mujubnagar Govt (1)Multi-campus hospitals (1)Multi-Fiber Arrangements (1)Multi-group analysis (1)Multi-level perspective (1)Multi-Stakeholder Framework (1)Multi-target classification (1)Multiculturalism (2)Multilateral Trade Resistance (1)Multilateralism (1)Multilingual Environment (1)Multinational corporations (2)Multinational firms (1)Museum (1)Museum Education. (1)Muslim nations (1)mutants (2)Mutual Fund Performance (1)Myanmar (2)Myanmar Dry Zone (1)myocardial infarction (1)MyPertamina (1)MySQL. (1)N-shaped EKC (1)Nairobi (1)Namibia-Angola border (1)Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) (1)Nation economy (1)nation-building (1)National Insurance Corporation Uganda (1)National Police Service (1)National Revenue Authority (1)Natural Disaster (1)Natural Radiation (1)natural resource governance (1)Natural resource potential (1)natural resources (1)NB-IoT (1)NBFI (1)NBFIs (1)nCoV (1)NDCs (1)Near-real-time Monitoring (1)Neighbour (1)Neighbourhood (1)Neoclassical Growth (1)Net Asset Value (1)Net Present Value (1)Net Profitability (1)Net Selectivity (1)Network (2)network latency (1)Network Protocols (1)Network Relationships (1)Network Security (1)Network support in Bangladesh. (1)Networks (1)Neural networks (1)New Business Development (1)new services system (1)Next Generation Network (1)NGO (1)NGOs (1)NGOs and private companies (1)Nigeria (3)Noise pollution (1)non-communicable diseases (1)Non-oil revenue (1)Non-performing loan (1)Non-Performing Loans (2)Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) (1)non-technical loss (1)Noncompliance (1)Normality Assessment (1)Normality Assumption (1)Normative Belief (1)North-West Bangladesh (1)Northern Electricity Distribution companys’. (1)NPA (1)NPK 17-17-17 (1)NS2 (1)nuclear (1)Numerical Solutions (1)nurses (2)Nurses; Incentive (1)Nursing (1)nutrition (1)Nutrition status (1)Nutritional status (1)Obedience to superiors (1)Occupational burnout (1)Oculus Go (1)Oil and Gas (2)Oil Industry (1)Oil Pollution (1)Oil price (1)Oil production (2)Oilseed industry (1)Old Age Allowance (1)Old Age Allowance program (1)OLS approach (1)OLS Method (1)OLS Regression (1)Onboarding (1)Online (6)Online Advertising (1)online banking (2)online content (1)online content marketing (1)Online convenience (1)Online Dispute Resolution (1)Online food delivery (1)Online Food Delivery (OFD) (1)Online food delivery apps (1)Online marketing (1)Online News (1)Online Purchase Intention (1)Online Reviews (1)online shopping (5)Online Shopping Attitude (1)Online Shopping Experience (1)Online teaching platform (1)online trust (1)Ontology (2)Ontology-Epistemology-Axiology (1)open innovation (1)openness (1)Operating Profit (1)operation management (1)operational efficiency (2)Operational visibility (1)Opinion leader (1)OPNET (1)Opportunities (1)Optimal performance (1)Optimal Stimulation Level (OSL) (1)optimized (1)Ordinary Least Squares (1)Organic agriculture (1)Organic Food Consumers (1)Organic Foods (1)organisation performance (1)Organisational Agility (1)Organisational Inertia (1)Organisational learning (1)Organisational performance. (2)Organism (1)Organization (1)Organization capability (1)organization citizenship behaviours (1)Organization Performance (2)organization-based self-esteem (1)Organizational adaptability (1)Organizational Adaptation (1)organizational ambidexterity (1)organizational behavior (2)Organizational Caring (1)Organizational Change (1)Organizational citizenship behavior (4)organizational commitment (6)Organizational competence. (1)Organizational Culture (4)Organizational Development (1)Organizational Factors (2)Organizational flexibility (1)organizational identification (3)Organizational Identity (4)Organizational Innovation Capability (1)Organizational justice (1)organizational learning (4)Organizational legitimacy (1)Organizational Management (1)Organizational Performance (4)Organizational Readiness (1)Organizational Resilience (1)Organizational response (1)organizational structure (1)Organizational Success (1)Organizational Support (2)Organizational Transformation (1)orthogonal (1)OSL (1)Outflows Migration (2)Outlier Detection (1)Outreach (2)Ovarian Cyst (1)Overall Job satisfaction (1)Overall lean (1)Overall Perceived Service Quality (1)Overcoming Challenges (1)Overstock (1)ownership structure (1)P5 (1)PAAS (2)Packaging of food (1)Paddy (1)Padma Bridge (1)Pain (1)Paired sampled t-test (1)Paired Samples T-Test (1)Palliative care (1)Pandemic (4)pandemic crisis (2)Panel Approach (1)Panel data (4)Panel data analysis (1)panel data regression (2)panel quantile regression (1)Panel regression model (1)Paperless Economy (1)Paradigm (1)Parasitology (1)Parental income (1)Paris Agreement (1)Partial least squares method. (1)Participatory Leadership (1)Participatory strategic planning (1)Partner relationship (1)partnership between enterprises (1)Passion (1)Pastoralism (1)Pastoralist–Farmer Conflict (1)Patient Loyalty. (1)Patient Satisfaction (1)Patriarchal influence (1)Patriarchy (1)Payment Architecture (1)Payroll misstatements (1)PCB (Private Commercial Bank) (1)peace (1)Peacebuilding (2)Peaceful Settlement of Disputes (1)Pearl River Delta (1)pecking order (1)People (1)People Daily (1)Perceive Performance (1)Perceived and Farmers (1)Perceived behavioral control (1)Perceived ease of use (2)Perceived Enjoyment (1)Perceived Fairness (1)Perceived Firm Performance (1)perceived innovation value (1)Perceived Justice (2)Perceived Price (2)Perceived Product Quality (1)Perceived risk (1)Perceived Security Risk (1)Perceived superior support. (1)Perceived Trust (1)Perceived usefulness (3)Perceived value (6)Perceived Website Quality (1)Perception (4)perceptions (2)Performance (17)Performance & Banking Sector (1)performance appraisal (2)Performance Expectancy (1)Performance Metrics (1)Performance-based compensation (1)peripheral university. (1)Permutation Methods (1)Perpetrator (1)person-job fit (1)person-organization fit (1)person-supervisor fit (1)Personal burnout (1)Personal fit (1)Personal Need (1)Personality trait (1)Personalization (2)personalized health care (1)Personnel Quality (1)Persons With Disability (PWD) (1)Pertamina. (1)Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry (1)Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sector (1)pharmaceutical enterprises (1)Pharmaceutical Industry (1)Pharmaceuticals (1)Phenolic extracts (1)Philanthropic CSR (1)Philosophical Architectonics (1)Philosophical framework (1)Photo Colour (1)PHP (1)Physical attractiveness (1)Physical Education Policy (1)Physical Environment (1)physicochemical properties (1)Physiology & Pharmacology (4)physiology and pharmacology (2)Pineapple wine (1)Pingle Guo’s Bone Setting (1)Place attachment (1)Plains (1)planning (1)Plasma Therapy (1)Plasmodium (1)Platform as a Service (PaaS) (2)PLS-SEM (4)PMG method (1)Pod (1)Policy (3)Policy and Governance (1)Policy and regulation (1)Policy Enforcement (1)Policy Formulation and Implementation (1)Policy Implementation (1)Policy orientation (1)Policy Perspectives (1)Policy reform (1)Policy synthesis (1)Political empowerment (1)Political instability (1)Political Settlements (1)Political Stability (1)Political Ties (1)Pollution paradise hypothesis (1)Pollution vulnerability (1)Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1)Population (2)Population Variation (1)Porcelain Product (1)Port Governance (1)portfolio (1)Positive Accounting Theory (1)Positive emotions (1)positive work environment. (1)Possession convenience (1)Post Covid-19 (1)Post dining regret (1)Post-90s employees (1)Post-Conflict Economies (1)Post-Conflict Governance (1)Post-Conflict Recovery (1)Post-Conflict Reform (1)Post-COVID era (1)Post-dining behavioral intention (1)post-pandemic education (1)post-quantum (1)Potential impacts (1)Poverty (2)Poverty Alleviation (2)poverty reduction (3)PoW (1)power planning (1)Power Structure (1)Power system resilience (1)Power theft (1)POX controller (1)Practice (1)Practices (1)Pragmatism (1)Prais Winsten and OLS (1)Pre-processing (1)Precipitation (1)Precision Agriculture (1)Precision Farming (2)Prediction (1)Predictive Modeling (1)pregnant women (2)prevention (2)Preventive health (1)Price (2)Price discrimination; Limit Pricing; Complete information; dominant firms; entry deterrence (1)Price earnings ratio (1)Price fairness (2)Primary education (1)Primary Education Access (1)primary food production (1)Primary tree loss (1)Principal component analysis (1)Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (1)Prisoner Dilemma (1)Privacy (2)Privacy and Security (1)Privacy Benefits (1)Privacy information (1)Privacy protection behavior (1)Privacy Vulnerability (1)Private commercial bank (1)private commercial banks (4)Private enterprises. (1)Private equity investment (1)Private healthcare (1)Private universities (1)Pro-social motivation (1)Proactive Access Control (1)Proactive Behavior. (1)Probit Model (1)Problems (1)Problems and Global Challenges (1)Procedural Justice (1)Procedural Quality (1)product (1)Product involvement (1)Product Life cycle. (1)product operation (1)Product Placement (1)Product traceability (1)Production decision support (1)Production efficiency (2)production factors (1)Production monitoring (1)Production of wool and Cashmere products (1)Production Performance (1)Production Technology Improvement (1)productivity (9)Productivity and Commercial banks (1)Products (1)professional identity (1)Profit (1)profitability (14)Profitability Premium (1)Program (1)program control behavior (1)program evaluation (1)Project management (1)Project Performance (1)Project success (1)Propensity score matching (1)Property Management Companies (1)property right nature (1)Proposed System (1)Pros and Cons (1)Prospect (1)Prospects. (2)protection of Public Assets (1)Provision (1)psychological (1)Psychological capital (2)Psychological contract (1)psychological contract fulfilment (1)Psychological Empowerment (2)Psychological Ownership (1)Psychological resource (1)psychological safety (2)Psychological stress (1)Psychology (1)Puberty (1)Public Administration (1)Public Debt Composition (1)Public field Administration (1)Public Finance (1)public financial management (5)public health surveillance (1)Public healthcare (1)Public hospital management (1)Public hospitals (2)public housing (1)Public Institutions (5)Public Management (1)Public secondary schools (1)Public sector (1)Public Sector Digital Transformation (1)Public sector governance. (1)Public Sector Organizations (1)Public Sector Reform (1)Public Service (2)Public Services Quality (1)Public toilet (1)Public transportation (1)Public universities (2)Pulse demand. (1)Pulse supply chain (1)Purchase Decision (1)Purchase intention (10)Purchase intentions (1)purchasing behavior (2)Purchasing Decisions (1)Purchasing power (1)push-pull factors (1)Putonghua (1)Pyramid misconception (1)Q- learning (1)QoS (1)QR code scanning (1)QR codes (1)Qualification management (1)Qualitative approach (1)Qualitative comparative analysis (1)Qualitative study. (1)quality (2)quality content (1)Quality effect (1)Quality Management (2)Quality of Accounting (1)Quality of Experience (QoE) (1)Quality of food (1)quality of Institutions (1)Quality of life (1)Quality of service (1)Quality of Service Solutions (1)Quality of services provided (1)Quality Service Assurance (1)Quantile regression (1)Quantitative analysis (1)quantum computing (1)quantum-resistant (1)Questionnaire survey (1)questionnaires (1)R-ARCSS. (1)R&D (1)R&D Innovation (1)R&D Intensity (1)R&D Resources (1)Radiating pain (1)Radio Access Networks (1)Ragging (1)Rainfall. (1)Rainfed farming (1)Rampal power plant project (1)random effect (1)Random Forest (1)Random-effects (1)Rangpur (1)Rate of convergence (1)Ratios (1)Raw Food Market (1)Raw Jute (1)RCNN (1)Reactiveness (1)Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry (1)Ready-Made Garments (3)readymade garments (1)Real Estate cost management (1)Real estate enterprises (1)Real estate. (1)real-time information (1)Real-time Voting (1)Recidivism (1)Reciprocity norms (1)recognition and reward programs (1)Reconstitutionalizing Conflict (1)Rectenna (1)Recurrent Neural Networks (1)Recyclable solid waste (1)recycling (1)Red Tape (1)reform (2)Refugee (1)REG (1)Regional Convergence (2)Regional integration. (3)Regionalism (1)Regression analysis (1)regulatory capture. (1)Regulatory challenges (1)regulatory compliance (2)Regulatory Environment (1)regulatory framework (1)regulatory frameworks (2)Regulatory Quality (1)regulatory theory (1)Reinforcement learning (1)Reintegration of Ex-combatants (1)relational variables (1)Relationship (2)Relationship Benefits (1)Relationship building (1)Relationship Quality. (2)Relationship strength (1)Relative Humidity (1)Relay (1)Reliability (3)reliability tests ANOVA with Cohran's test (1)reliable software system (1)religion (1)Religious commitment (1)Relocation (1)Relocation strategy (1)Remittance (1)Remittance VECM (1)Remittances (2)Remote Control System (1)Remote Sensing (1)Remote Work (1)Remuneration Packages (2)Repeat Purchases (1)Replace (1)Repo rate (1)Reproductive health (2)Reproductive health services (1)Reproductive healthcare (1)Repurchase Intention (1)Reputation (1)Resampling Methods (1)Resampling Techniques (1)Research (6)research communication (1)research impact (1)resettlement (1)Resident satisfaction (1)resource acquisition (1)Resource Allocation (4)Resource Capabilities (1)Resource Competition (1)resource curse (1)Resource efficiency (1)Resource Integration (1)resource-constrained environments (1)Resources utilization (1)Responsible Leadership (1)Responsiveness (3)Restaurant Industry (2)Restaurant location (1)Retention (1)Return (1)Return on asset (3)Return on Asset (ROA) (1)Return on equity (4)Return on Equity (ROE) (1)Returns to Scale (1)Revealed Comparative Advantage (1)Revenue (1)Revenue Generation (1)Revenue management (1)Revolution (1)Revolutionize (1)reward-based model (1)Rewards (1)RF Energy Harvesting (1)RFID Authentication (1)rice production (2)Risk (2)Risk factor (1)risk framework (1)Risk Identification (1)risk management (6)Risk mitigation (1)Risk-Taking (1)River Island's Market Share (1)Rivers (1)rivers and lakes (1)RMG (3)RMG industry (1)RNA seq (1)RNA seq methods (1)ROA (4)Road infrastructure investment (1)Road network (1)Robot (1)Rock climbing (1)rocks (2)ROE (2)Rohingya Crisis (1)Role pressure (1)Routing Protocols (1)Rule of Law (1)Rules (1)Rural (1)Rural Aged People (1)Rural Area (1)Rural Commercial Banks (1)Rural communities (1)Rural Development (1)Rural household welfare (1)Rural households (1)Rural Sierra Leone (1)Rwanda (2)Rwanda Energy Group (1)Rwanda FDA standards (1)Rwanda Polytechnic (1)RYU controller (1)SAAS (2)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)safety climate (2)safety culture (1)Salary (1)Salary Delays (2)Sales (1)Sales Growth (1)Sales to Asset Ratio (1)Salinity. (1)Sand (1)sand dunes (2)SARIMA (1)Satiation (1)Satiety Value (1)Satisfaction (4)Satisfaction Level (1)Saudi Arabian (1)SCADA (1)Scarcity of skilled labor (1)Scenario experiment (1)scheduling of buses (1)Scope 2 emissions (1)SDG 4 (1)SDN (1)SDN-VANET (1)Sea Level Rising (1)Search convenience (1)Seasonal Adjustment (1)Seasonal Demand (1)Secession (1)Secondary Education. (1)Secondary level (1)Sectoral analysis (1)Secure organizational attachment (1)Security (7)Security Issues (1)Security Management (1)Security Sector Reforms (1)Seed (1)Segmentation (1)Seismic Load (1)Selected area (1)Self-awareness (1)Self-Construal Theory (1)Self-control (1)self-criterion (1)self-destruction (1)Self-Determination Theory (1)Self-efficacy (1)self-enhancement (1)Self-marketing (1)Self-perceived employ-ability. (1)self-service machines (1)Self-supervised learning (1)self-verification (1)SEM (1)SEM-PLS (1)Semantic Search Engines (2)Semantic Web (2)Sensitivity (1)sensor (1)Sensory evaluation. (1)Sensory Experience (1)Sentiment Analysis (1)Sequence Analysis (1)Servant Leadership (2)Service (1)Service Delivery (1)service encounter quality (1)Service equity (1)Service gap (1)Service Implementation (1)service innovation performance. (3)Service Leadership (1)Service location (1)Service Marketing Mix (1)Service Orientation (1)Service Quality (11)Service quality attributes (food (1)Service Recovery Performance (1)Service Remediation (1)Service remedy (1)Service Taker’s Satisfaction (1)Service-oriented leadership (1)Services (1)Servicom (1)SERVQUAL (2)SERVQUAL Dimensions (1)SERVQUAL Model (2)Settlement Pattern (1)SHA-3 (1)Shaking Table (1)SHAP (1)Shared micro-mobility (1)shared resources (1)Sharpe ratio (1)shelling percentage (1)Short term debt to total asset (1)Sierra Leone; Non-motorised transport (1)Sierra Leone. (21)Sievert. (1)Signal-to-noise robustness (1)Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) (1)Simulation (1)Sincerity of Employees (1)Single-cell protein (1)situational factors (1)Size (2)Skill Mismatch (2)Skill Resources Similarity (1)Skills (1)Skills Gap (1)skills mismatch (1)Small (1)Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) (3)Small and Medium Size Enterprises (1)Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) (1)Small and medium-sized technological enterprises (1)Small and medium-sized technological enterprises In Guangdong Province (1)Small Business Failure (1)Small Medium Enterprises (2)Small states (1)Small-Sample (1)small-scale business enterprises (SSBEs) (1)Small-Scale Fisheries (1)Smallholder farmers (3)Smallholder Fisheries (1)Smallholder tea plantation (1)smallholders (1)Smart Agriculture (2)Smart Applications (1)Smart Farming (1)Smart grid (1)Smart home (1)Smart phone (1)Smart retrofitting (1)Smart wearable device (1)smartphone (1)smartphone industry (1)smartphones (1)SmartPLS (1)SME (1)SME Credit Risk (1)SMEs (7)SMMEs (1)SMOTE (1)Smuggling (1)smuggling networks (1)Snacks (1)Social Capital (4)social changes (1)Social Commerce (2)Social Distance (1)Social Engineering (1)social environment (1)Social exchange (1)social exchange theory (2)Social Experience (1)social hub and social incubator (1)Social Influence and Recommendation (1)social innovation (1)Social license to operate (1)Social media (4)social media marketing (2)Social media usage (1)social media websites (1)Social Model of Disability (1)Social Political & Economic Empowerment (1)Social Presence (1)Social Responsibility (2)Social role theory (1)Social Science (2)social science research (1)Social support (1)Socially Responsible Banking (1)Socio-Cultural Factors (1)Socio-Economic Development (4)socio-economic impact (2)Socio-economic status (1)Socio-economic Wellbeing (1)sociodemographic variables (1)Socioeconomic condition (1)socioeconomic development (1)Socioeconomic Factors (2)Soft and Technical Skills (1)soft skills (2)software as a Service (SaaS) (2)Software Defiend Network (1)software defined networking (SDN) (2)Software Development (1)Software Quality (1)Software test (1)Software testing (1)software-defined networking (2)Soil properties (1)Soil Science (1)Solar Energy (1)Solid Waste (1)Solid-state fermentation (SSF) (1)SOSTAC framework (1)Source and Health Impact (1)South African Development Community (1)South Sudan Agriculture (1)South Sudan Introduction (1)South Sudan Urban Water Corporation (1)South Sudan. (29)South Sudanese Women Entrepreneurs (1)Southern region (1)southern Sudan. (1)Southwestern part (1)Speaker Identification (1)Spearman’s rho and Kendall's tau_b Correlation (1)species composition (1)Specific frameworks (1)Speech Recognition (1)Spillover Effects (1)SPL (1)Sports Development (1)Sports infrastructure (1)SPSS. (1)SSA (4)SSRA (1)Stable isotopes (1)Stakeholder Engagement (3)Stakeholder Interaction (1)stakeholder perception (1)stakeholder theory (1)Stakeholders' Roles (1)stalk (1)Stanbic Bank (1)Standard (1)Standard form contracts (1)Standardized Financial Manuals (1)Starch hydrolysis (1)Start-up (1)Startups (1)State (1)State Corporations (1)State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) (1)State-led internationalization (1)State-owned commercial bank (1)State-owned Commercial Bank(s) (1)State-owned Development Bank(s) (1)station (1)Statistical Tests (1)Statistics (3)Stewardship Theory (1)Stigma (2)Stimulus (1)Stochastic Differential Equations (1)Stock market (1)Stock prediction (1)Stock Return (2)Stock Returns (1)Stock-out (1)Store lighting (1)Storm-Breaker (1)stover yield (1)straightforward statistical methods (1)Strategic Change (1)Strategic emerging enterprises in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (1)Strategic Flexibility (1)Strategic governance (1)Strategic management (4)Strategic Model (1)Strategic Orientation (1)Strategic Planning (2)strategic procurement (1)Strategic Synergy (1)Strategic Updates (1)Strategies (3)Strategies and Approaches (1)Strategies Management (1)Strategy (2)Strategy canvas (1)Stress management (1)Stroke Prediction (1)Structural change (1)Structural equation model (2)Structural equation modeling (3)Structural Transformation (3)Structural Violence (1)Student placement (1)students (1)Stunting (1)Stuxnet (1)Sub Saharan Africa (7)Sub-Saharan African (1)Sub-Saharan African Countries (1)Sub-Saharan countries (1)sub-sectors (1)Subjective Norm (1)Subjective norms (1)Subjective Well-being (1)substantive conflict (1)Success (1)Success factors (1)suicide in Bangladesh (1)suicide reason (1)Sun Model of Anti-Racism and Multiculturalism (SMAM) (1)Supervised Algorithm (1)Supervised Learning techniques (1)supplier capability (1)Supplier Decarbonization (1)supply chain (5)Supply chain integration (2)Supply chain management (1)Supply Chain Performance (1)Supply Chain Traceability (1)Supply Chain Transparency (1)Supply chains (1)Support vector classifier (SVC) (1)Surface Acting (1)survey (3)Survival (2)Sustainability (11)Sustainability disclosure (1)Sustainability Integration Scorecard (1)Sustainable (2)Sustainable Agriculture (1)Sustainable Consumption (1)sustainable development (8)Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) (1)Sustainable development goals (1)Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (1)Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention (1)Sustainable fashion (1)sustainable finance (1)Sustainable income (1)Sustainable packaging (1)Sustainable Public Procurement (1)Sustainable tourism (1)Sustainable transport (1)SVM (1)Sweet potato (1)Swine production (1)Switching intention (1)SWOT (1)SWOT analysis (3)Sylhet (1)Sylhet Division (1)Sylhet Metropolitan (1)Sylhet Town. (1)Synergistic Effects (1)Synergy (1)Synergy Theory (1)System architecture for DBBMS (1)System dynamics (2)System integration (1)System quality (2)systematic literature review (4)Systematic risk determinants (1)Systemic discrimination (1)Systemic Vulnerabilities (1)T-Square test (1)T.Aman Rice (1)T2DM (1)TabPFN (1)Tacit knowledge acquisition (1)Taiwanese-funded enterprises (1)Tajikistan (1)Takaful (1)Takaful Insurance (1)Talent Management (1)talent retention (1)TAM (1)TAM2 (1)Tangibility (2)Tangible and Intangible Heritage (1)task performance (3)Tax administration (6)Tax audits (1)Tax Avoidance (1)Tax compliance behaviour (1)Tax compliance intention (1)Tax depreciation (1)Tax education (1)Tax Evasion (1)Tax Havens Country (1)Tax holiday (1)Tax incentive (1)Tax incentives (1)Tax Induced FDI (1)Tax policies (1)tax policy (1)Tax reform (1)Tax Tariff Rate (1)Tax-GDP (1)Taxation system (1)Taxpayer's Awareness (1)teacher experiences (1)Teacher job satisfaction (1)Teachers' trust (1)teachers’ morale (1)Teaching and Learning Effectiveness (1)Teaching staffs. (1)Team cohesion (1)team dynamics (2)team skills (1)Technical and Vocational Education and Training (1)Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) (1)Technical Capacity (1)technical development (1)technical employees (1)Technical Infrastructure (2)Technical Readiness (1)technological (1)technological changes (1)Technological infrastructure (1)Technological innovation (5)Technological medium (1)Technologies (1)technology (4)Technology acceptance model (1)Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (2)Technology Adoption (2)Telecommunication (1)Telecommunications (1)Telehealth. (1)Temperature (4)Temporal forecasting (1)Temporal learning (1)Tesco (1)test case (1)test suite (1)Testing (1)Text classification (1)textbook contents (1)Textile and garment enterprise (1)Textile Industry (2)Textile wastewater (1)Thai tourism (1)The Gambia (1)the Granger causality test (1)the Johansen co integration test (1)the Lower Meghna River. 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(4)Work environment (1)work family conflict (1)Work Happiness (1)Work life Balance (3)Work method autonomy (1)Work Motivation (1)Work personality (1)Work Safety (1)work scheduling autonomy (1)Work-flow (1)Work-related burnout (1)workers perspectives (1)Workforce (1)workforce adversity (1)Workforce composition (1)workforce development (4)Workforce productivity (1)Working capital (1)Working Capital Management (2)working environment. (2)Working Methods (1)Workplace (1)workplace ethics (1)Workplace humanization (1)Workplace impoliteness (1)workplace learning (1)workplace values (1)Workshop visibility (1)World Development Indicators (1)Wqaf management system (1)X-11 (1)X-12-ARIMA (1)Yemen’s Public Sector (1)Yield (3)YOLO11 (1)Young consumers (3)Youth unemployment (1)YouTube (1)YouTube Viewer (1)Zambia (1)zero-day (1)Zimbabwe (1)β -β--carotene (1) --- ## Digital Leadership as The Ideal Leadership Style for Generation Z: A Theoretical Analysis URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8486 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-16 Digital Leadership as The Ideal Leadership Style for Generation Z: A Theoretical Analysis Author (s) Umma Nusrat Urme, Priyanka Karim, & Tasnimul Arefin Abstract The impending dominance of Generation Z in the global workforce necessitates a paradigm shift in organizational leadership, moving beyond traditional models to those capable of engaging a generation defined by its digital nativity and distinct values. This study introduces a novel theoretical argument, positioning digital leadership as the optimal framework for this engagement. Through a systematic analysis of contemporary literature, we identify and synthesize twenty-three defining traits of digital leadership. These traits are then rigorously cross-compared with the well-documented characteristics and workplace expectations of Generation Z. Our analysis reveals a profound and extensive alignment, suggesting that the core principles of digital leadership such as its inherent agility, its foundation in digital fluency, and its emphasis on collaborative empowerment directly resonate with Generation Z’s demands for authenticity, flexibility, and purposeful work. This research provides a foundational theoretical model that reframes digital leadership from a mere technological competency to a strategic imperative for talent retention, offering critical, evidence-based insights for both academic discourse and organizational practice in the evolving digital economy. Key words: Digital leadership, Generation Z, leadership theories, transformational leadership, workplace values, talent retention. Download PDF Title: Digital Leadership as The Ideal Leadership Style for Generation Z: A Theoretical Analysis Author: Umma Nusrat Urme, Priyanka Karim, & Tasnimul Arefin Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1157 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 14/11/2025 Date of Publication: 16/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1157.pdf Free download: Available Page: 93-104 First Page: 93 Last Page: 104 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Urme, U. N, Karim, P., & Arefin, T. (2026). Digital Leadership as The Ideal Leadership Style for Generation Z: A Theoretical Analysis, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 93-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1157 About Author (s) Umma Nusrat Urme (Corresponding Author), Assistant Professor, Southeast Business School, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3436-135X Priyanka Karim, HR Manager, BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Tasnimul Arefin, Assistant Professor, Department of Fashion Design & Technology, Uttara University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8254-0654   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1157 --- ## From Paper Compliance to Strategic Defense: A Game Theoretic Framework for Incentive Alignment in Sierra Leone Anti Money Laundering Regime URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8475 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-14 From Paper Compliance to Strategic Defense: A Game Theoretic Framework for Incentive Alignment in Sierra Leone Anti Money Laundering Regime Author (s) Jalikatu Kalokoh & Samuel Conteh Abstract The 2024 Anti-Money Laundering, Combating the Financing of Terrorism, and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Act signifies Sierra Leone progress in establishing a sound legal AML or CFT framework. However, a significant implementation gap persists. This study identifies the core issue as a strategic incentive misalignment among key parties, creating a collective action problem. Using a game theoretic model, we diagnose this failure as a classic Prisoner’s Dilemma among banks and a Coordination Game between banks and the Financial Intelligence Unit FIU. We propose and empirically test an Incentive Alignment Framework based on a Tiered Supervision model. This intervention reconfigures the strategic environment by offering tangible benefits for high-quality compliance. A cost benefit analysis demonstrates that while FIU operational costs may rise by 83% due to investigating more complex cases, the regimes overall efficacy soars, with projected increases of 131% in net systemic benefit and 129% in successful prosecutions. This confirms that aligning incentives can transform compliance from a defensive burden into a strategic advantage. Key words: Anti-Money Laundering, Game Theory, Incentive Alignment, Sierra Leone, Financial Regulation, Prisoner Dilemma, Tiered Supervision, Financial Intelligence Unit. Download PDF Title: From Paper Compliance to Strategic Defense: A Game Theoretic Framework for Incentive Alignment in Sierra Leone Anti Money Laundering Regime Author: Jalikatu Kalokoh & Samuel Conteh Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1155 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 08/11/2025 Date of Publication: 13/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1155.pdf Free download: Available Page: 63-74 First Page: 63 Last Page: 74 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kalokoh, J. & Conteh, S. (2026). From Paper Compliance to Strategic Defense: A Game Theoretic Framework for Incentive Alignment in Sierra Leone Anti Money Laundering Regime, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 63-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1155   About Author (s) Jalikatu Kalokoh, Masters Student in Accounting, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4567-3984 Samuel Conteh (Corresponding Author), Masters Student in Business Administration, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4481-0846   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1155 --- ## Effects of NPK (17-17-17) and Farmyard Manure on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth, and Yield of Irish Potato in Volcanic Soil of Musanze District, Northern Rwanda URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8471 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-14 Effects of NPK (17-17-17) and Farmyard Manure on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth, and Yield of Irish Potato in Volcanic Soil of Musanze District, Northern Rwanda Author (s) Niyigena Alphonse, Kwizera Emmanuel, & Rukangantambara Hamudu Abstract Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop in Rwanda, yet its production is low as the soils have low fertility and farmers do not use the required fertilizers optimally. The research problem of this study was to determine the effect of farmyard manure (FYM), NPK (17-17-17) fertilizer, and a combination of these two factors on the chemical properties of soil, growth, and yield of Irish potato in the volcanic soil of Musanze district, Northern Rwanda. It was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) that had four treatments, namely control (T0), farmyard manure (T1), NPK (T2), and a combination of FYM and NPK (T3), with three replicates each. The growth parameters (plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, and the number of tillers) and the yield data were measured, and the soil chemical analysis was conducted before and at the end of the experiment. Findings indicated that the numerical values of tuber number (14.66 tubers per plant) were the greatest using the combined application of farmyard manure and NPK (T3), with an additional finding of 12.65 tubers per plant using farmyard manure alone (T1). The analysis of the soil showed that farmyard manure and its mixture with NPK enhanced the organic matter content (up to 6.8%) and pH level. Treated plots also had increased total nitrogen and available phosphorus, whereas the control plot had the lowest performance in most of the parameters. The results imply that organic and inorganic fertilizers can be blended to enhance soil fertility and crop production, which is a permanent solution to the Irish potato production in Rwanda. The research suggests combined nutrient management through a regular soil test to maximize the use of fertilizer and maintain long-term soil health. Key words: Irish Potato, NPK 17-17-17, Farmyard manure, Soil properties, Growth, Integrated nutrient management. Download PDF Title: Effects of NPK (17-17-17) and Farmyard Manure on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth, and Yield of Irish Potato in Volcanic Soil of Musanze District, Northern Rwanda Author: Niyigena Alphonse, Kwizera Emmanuel, & Rukangantambara Hamudu Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1154 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 08/11/2025 Date of Publication: 12/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1154.pdf Free download: Available Page: 49-62 First Page: 49 Last Page: 62 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Alphonse, N., Emmanuel, K., & Hamudu, R. (2026). Effects of NPK (17-17-17) and Farmyard Manure on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth, and Yield of Irish Potato in Volcanic Soil of Musanze District, Northern Rwanda, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 49-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1154   About Author (s) Niyigena Alphonse, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute Pertanian Bogor (IPB) University, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4951-3379 Kwizera Emmanuel (Corresponding Author), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Rwanda, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0818-7274 Rukangantambara Hamudu, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1154 --- ## Fermentation and Quality Evaluation of Red Guava Wine: A Sustainable Approach to Postharvest Loss Reduction URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8468 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-14 Fermentation and Quality Evaluation of Red Guava Wine: A Sustainable Approach to Postharvest Loss Reduction Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien, Ishimwe Francois Vainqueur, & Vedaste Ndungutse Abstract This paper explored the fermentation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit wine using a standardized fermentation procedure and determined its physicochemical and preliminary sensory properties. The fresh red guava fruits were picked in seven local markets in Bogor, Indonesia, and then processed according to the procedures suggested by Putri et al. (2021) and BPOM (2023). The original juice had a 7 °Brix/ pH 4.4, so the must was spiked with sucrose to bring it to 25 °Brix, which is what is done with low-sugar tropical fruits. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2g/l) was added to the must and left to ferment at 25-28 °C over 21 days, after which it was racked, filtered, and stored for over six months at 18 °C. The last wine had pH 3.6, titratable acidity 0.83% (as citric acid), and 11% (v/v) ethanol that was identified by distillation and hydrometry, within BPOM specifications of fruit wine. A pre-test involving fifteen untrained panelists showed positive acceptance of color (82.9%), appearance (85.2%), and taste (85.2%), and moderate acceptance of flavor (72.6%), the overall acceptance being 81.5%. These findings indicate that red guava has potential in the production of fruit wine as a raw material, which contributes to value-added policies and eliminates postharvest losses in tropical areas. The use of trained sensory panels, optimization of fermentation temperature, the variability of yeast strain, and cost-benefit analyses should be used in future work to enable commercial scalability. Although this paper was based on Indonesia, there is potential to achieve the same level of production in other countries that produce guava. Key words: Guava wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermentation process, physicochemical properties, Sensory evaluation. Download PDF Title: Fermentation and Quality Evaluation of Red Guava Wine: A Sustainable Approach to Postharvest Loss Reduction Author: Gisubizo Fabien, Ishimwe Francois Vainqueur, & Vedaste Ndungutse Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1153 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 07/11/2025 Date of Publication: 12/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1153.pdf Free download: Available Page: 40-48 First Page: 40 Last Page: 48 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Fabien, G., Vainqueur, I. F., & Ndungutse, V. (2026). Fermentation and Quality Evaluation of Red Guava Wine: A Sustainable Approach to Postharvest Loss Reduction, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 40-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1153   About Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien (Corresponding Author), Department of Food Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1182-9124 Ishimwe Francois Vainqueur, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1542-4686 Vedaste Ndungutse, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1153 --- ## Deep Learning Multi-Target Underwater Acoustic Intelligence System URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8465 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-14 Deep Learning Multi-Target Underwater Acoustic Intelligence System Author (s) Saio Alusine Marrah, Abu Bakarr Koroma, Sayo Nakeleh Turay, Gibrilla Deen Kamara, Mabinty Marrah, Mohamed Thoronka, & Paul Conteh Abstract Increased complexity of underwater acoustic space poses great difficulty in the accurate and real-time identification of the target, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments and in mixed-source sound waves. This research combines a Deep Learning Multi-Target Underwater Acoustic Intelligence System that incorporates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Transformer-based attention encoder to obtain robust and explainable multi-classification of underwater acoustic signals. The model uses a trained resnet-50 backbone that computes spectral features (localized) in the form of Short-Time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrograms and then uses a multi-head self-attention mechanism to note long-term temporal features. A parallel attention fusion layer is used to facilitate both spatial and temporal representations, and the Focal Loss reconstruction makes weak or minority classes, including low-energy biological calls, more sensitive. The data set, containing real and simulated underwater records in five categories, namely ships, submarines, marine mammals, ambient noise and environmental interference was supplemented to display a variety of SNR conditions between 0 and 25 dB. Experimentally, the hybrid model has been found to be more precise and energy-efficient than CNN-only, LSTM, and Transformer-only baselines because it has 98.1 percent classification using a fixed modulus and above 90 percent classification in 0 dB SNR. Moreover, the model exhibits an average throughput rate of 370 frames per second with a real-time inference rate of 3.4 ms per frame, and hence the model is suitable in autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and marine surveillance systems. Grad-CAM images verify that the attention module is concentrated on acoustical significance spectral areas, which proves the interpretability and cognitive openness of the model. On the whole, the hybrid framework represents a considerable breakthrough in the underwater acoustic intelligence sphere as it combines strengths, precision, and comprehensibility, and preconditions the emergence of intelligent sensing and real-time maritime observation platforms of the next generation. Key words: Underwater acoustic intelligence, Deep learning, CNN–Transformer hybrid, Multi-target classification, Signal-to-noise robustness. Download PDF Title: Deep Learning Multi-Target Underwater Acoustic Intelligence System Author: Saio Alusine Marrah, Abu Bakarr Koroma, Sayo Nakeleh Turay, Gibrilla Deen Kamara, Mabinty Marrah, Mohamed Thoronka, & Paul Conteh Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1152 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 07/11/2025 Date of Publication: 11/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1152.pdf Free download: Available Page: 20-39 First Page: 20 Last Page: 39 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Marrah, S. A., Koroma, A. B., Turay, S. N., Kamara, G. D., Marrah, M., Thoronka, M., & Conteh, P. (2026). Deep Learning Multi-Target Underwater Acoustic Intelligence System, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 20-39.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1152   About Author (s) Saio Alusine Marrah, School of Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4727-2480 Abu Bakarr Koroma (Corresponding Author), Center for West African Studies of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CWAS of UESTC), School of Management and Economics (SME), (UESTC), Chengdu, China. &  Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology (EBKUST), Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3613-104X Sayo Nakeleh Turay, Institute of Public Administration and Management, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9199-0154 Gibrilla Deen Kamara, School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1732-6407 Mabinty Marrah, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1413-4843 Mohamed Thoronka, College of Software Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7570-3964 Paul Conteh, College of Software Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1152 --- ## Analysis of Gender Dynamics and Their Socioeconomic Impact on Agricultural Diversification and Food Security Among Women in Bombali Shebora Chiefdom, Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8381 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-14 Analysis of Gender Dynamics and Their Socioeconomic Impact on Agricultural Diversification and Food Security Among Women in Bombali Shebora Chiefdom, Sierra Leone Author (s) Princess Sallay Kamara & Alusine Frederick Kargbo Abstract This study investigates the critical linkages between gender dynamics, agricultural diversification, and household food security among women in Bombali Shebora Chiefdom, Sierra Leone. Despite women’s vital role in agricultural production, they face significant gender-specific constraints that limit their productivity and resilience. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design with data from 195 women farmers, this research employs multiple linear regression analysis to examine how access to land, credit, decision-making power, and participation in diversification strategies influence food security outcomes. The findings reveal that the regression model explains 74.6% of the variance in household food security (R² = 0.746), demonstrating the paramount importance of gender-sensitive factors. Agricultural diversification emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.377), followed closely by women’s decision-making power (β = 0.326), while land access (β = 0.187) and credit access (β = 0.099) showed significant but comparatively weaker effects. The results underscore that women’s empowerment serves as a crucial mediating mechanism through which resource access translates into improved food security. The study concludes that sustainable food security in post-conflict Sierra Leone requires targeted interventions that simultaneously address resource inequalities, strengthen women’s decision-making agency, and promote gender-sensitive diversification strategies. These findings provide empirical evidence for policymakers and development practitioners seeking to enhance agricultural resilience through women-centered approaches. Key words: Gender dynamics, Agricultural diversification, Women empowerment, food security, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Analysis of Gender Dynamics and Their Socioeconomic Impact on Agricultural Diversification and Food Security Among Women in Bombali Shebora Chiefdom, Sierra Leone Author: Princess Sallay Kamara & Alusine Frederick Kargbo Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1151 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 03/11/2025 Date of Publication: 04/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1151.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-19 First Page: 1 Last Page: 19 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kamara, P. S. & Kargbo, A. F. (2026). Analysis of Gender Dynamics and Their Socioeconomic Impact on Agricultural Diversification and Food Security Among Women in Bombali Shebora Chiefdom, Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-19.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1151 About Author (s) Princess Sallay Kamara, Department of Agriculture and food security, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology, Makeni, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1174-832X Alusine Frederick Kargbo (Corresponding Author), Research Scholar, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, PR China. & Department of Economics, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1679-5034   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1151 --- ## System Dynamics for Resilient Industrial Wastewater Management under Climate Stress URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-12-issue-1/8478 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-14 System Dynamics for Resilient Industrial Wastewater Management under Climate Stress Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Abstract Industrial wastewater systems are increasingly strained by climate stressors such as rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. These disruptions elevate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by up to 35%, increase energy consumption for treatment by 20–40%, and cause untreated discharge volumes to spike by as much as 60% during flood events. This review synthesizes 45 studies published between 2010 and 2025, applying a Narrative Integrative Review methodology to holistically examine the interplay of technological, ecological, and institutional dynamics. System dynamics tools causal loop diagrams (CLDs) and stock-and-flow diagrams (SFDs) are used to model the complex feedback and resource flows within wastewater systems. CLDs reveal how rising operational costs and regulatory pressure reinforce system fragility, while SFDs quantify delays in recovery and trade-offs in resource allocation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Technological innovations such as modular bioreactors and anaerobic digestion systems enhance resilience and support circular economy goals, with biogas recovery offsetting up to 25% of energy demand. Nature-based solutions further improve effluent quality and ecological resilience. Real-time monitoring via IoT and participatory modeling strengthen adaptive capacity and stakeholder engagement. However, institutional rigidity and fragmented governance remain major barriers. The review identifies gaps in empirical calibration, equity integration, and interdisciplinary modeling, and calls for hybrid frameworks that incorporate climate projections and socioeconomic metrics. Embedding systems thinking into wastewater governance is essential to build resilient, inclusive, and sustainable industrial water systems in the face of escalating climate stress. Key words: Climate change, Industrial wastewater, System dynamics, Causal loop diagrams, Circular economy, Adaptive management. Download PDF Title: System Dynamics for Resilient Industrial Wastewater Management under Climate Stress Author: Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1156 Media: Online Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/11/2025 Date of Publication: 14/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1156.pdf Free download: Available Page: 75-92 First Page: 75 Last Page: 92 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Hossain, K. M. I. (2026). System Dynamics for Resilient Industrial Wastewater Management under Climate Stress, Journal of Scientific Reports, 12(1), 75-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1156 About Author (s) Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain, Centre for Higher Studies and Research (CHSR), Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4403-0329   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1156 --- ## Issues URL: https://www.ijsab.com/issues Type: page Modified: 2025-11-08 IJSB-Volume Volume 49-54, 2026 Volume-49 Issue -1, 2026 (In progress) Volume-50 issue-1, 2026 Volume-51 issue-1, 2026 Volume-52 issue-1, 2026 Volume-53 issue-1, 2026 Volume-54 issue-1, 2026 Volume 43-48, 2025 Volume-43 Issue -1, 2025 Volume-44 Issue -1, 2025 Volume-45 Issue -1, 2025 Volume-46 Issue -1, 2025 Volume-47 Issue -1, 2025 Volume-48 Issue -1, 2025 Volume 31-42, 2024 Volume-31 Issue -1, 2024 Volume-32 Issue -1, 2024 Volume-33 Issue -1, 2024 Volume-34 Issue -1, 2024 Volume-35 Issue -1, 2024 Volume-36 Issue -1, 2024 Volume-37 Issue -1, 2024 Volume-38 Issue -1, 2024 Special issue: Cutting-Edge Research from Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia: A Compilation of PhD Dissertations Volume-39 Issue -1, 2024 Special Issue: Frontiers in Knowledge - Selected PhD Works from Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia Volume-40 Issue -1, 2024 We have reduced the number of issues by focusing only on business-related terms and scientific aspects that hold value for business. 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A scalable and sustainable process in which thermal deproteinization of whey was carried out, followed by the addition of standardized pineapple juice (70:30 v/v) and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae over 14 days at 20-22 °C, was used in the research, which was conducted at the Aeres University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands. The obtained product had favorable physicochemical characteristics, such as alcohol content (11% v/v), pH (4.08), total acidity (5.03 g/L), and residual sugar (5 °Brix), which are in line with the East African wine standards (KS EAS 138:2014; EAS 139:2013). The safety of the product was assessed microbiologically following pasteurization (82 °C under 2 min), and total counts of viable bacteria were found to be less than 10 CFU/mL, and coliforms were not detected. High consumer acceptance (83%), purchase intent (77%), and brand loyalty (70%) were found when sensory evaluated by 30 untrained panelists. These results reveal that the pineapple wine production as a way of valorizing whey can offer a technically feasible, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable solution that reinforces the concept of the circular economy and can be a promising diversification opportunity for small- and medium-scale dairy processors. Key words: Cheese whey, Pineapple wine, Fermentation, Circular economy. Food processing is a sustainable activity. Download PDF Title: Valorization of Cheese Whey into Pineapple Wine: A Sustainable Approach to Dairy Byproduct Management Author: Gisubizo Fabien, Marc Boxen, & Taco Modema Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1140 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 18/10/2025 Date of Publication: 01/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1140.pdf Free download: Available Page: 118-127 First Page: 118 Last Page: 127 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Fabien, G., Boxen, M., & Modema, T. (2025). Valorization of Cheese Whey into Pineapple Wine: A Sustainable Approach to Dairy Byproduct Management, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 118-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1140 About Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien (Corresponding Author), Department of Food Production, Aeres University of Applied Science, Almere, Netherlands. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1182-9124 Marc Boxen, Department of Agriculture Chain Management, Aeres University of Applied Science, Almere, Netherlands. Taco Modema, Department of Agriculture Chain Management, Aeres University of Applied Science, Almere, Netherlands.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1140 --- ## Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation Using Phenolic Extracts from Indonesian Spices URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8338 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation Using Phenolic Extracts from Indonesian Spices Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien, Kimonyo Anastase, & Ramzy Alothmany Abstract The article has discussed the antiproliferative action of phenolic extracts of a range of Indonesian spices on the development of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. The study aimed to determine the correlations between total phenolic content (TPC), biofilm inhibition, and reduction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the identification of natural biofilm control agents to be used within the food processing environment. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects of the phenolic extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii), turmeric (Curcuma longa), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) were investigated. The findings indicated that clove and cinnamon extracts possessed the greatest TPC (132.7- 4.2 and 121.5- 3.8 mg GAE/g, respectively) and were capable of reducing biofilm formation by up to 85% using low minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBIC50) (0.125-0.25 mg/mL) of the extracts. Also, these extracts had a substantial effect on EPS production, leading to destabilization of mature biofilms, indicating that quorum sensing and surface adhesion were disrupted. The results show that Indonesian spice extracts have good potential as biofilm inhibitors to enhance food safety and hygienic conditions in food processing plants because they are natural in origin and suit the environment. The age-old use of these antimicrobials in food preservation devices provides a viable substitute to the commonly used synthetic sanitizers and is in tandem with the emerging consumerism trends of clean-label foods. Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, Phenolic extracts, Indonesian spices, Biofilm inhibition, Food safety. Download PDF Title: Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation Using Phenolic Extracts from Indonesian Spices Author: Gisubizo Fabien, Kimonyo Anastase, & Ramzy Alothmany Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1138 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 24/10/2025 Date of Publication: 26/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1138.pdf Free download: Available Page: 95-106 First Page: 95 Last Page: 106 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Fabien, G., Anastase, K., & Alothmany, R. (2025). Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation Using Phenolic Extracts from Indonesian Spices, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 95-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1138 About Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien (Corresponding Author), Department of Food Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1182-9124 Kimonyo Anastase, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Indonesia. Ramzy Alothmany, Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4490-7146   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1138 --- ## An Integrated Privacy-Preserving AI Framework for Real-Time Financial Fraud Detection URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8332 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 An Integrated Privacy-Preserving AI Framework for Real-Time Financial Fraud Detection Author (s) Alpha Koroma Abstract The research presents a practical solution for online financial fraud prevention grounded in operating under the operational, regulatory, and adversarial constraints of modern payment systems. The model characterizes the economic ecosystem as a dynamic, heterogeneous graph where entity types (e.g., accounts, devices, merchants) evolve and are connected by temporal message passing that captures both behavioral drift and short, bursty attack phases. It uses federated learning with secure aggregation and optional differential privacy to address cross-institutional blind spots while avoiding sharing raw data. Native explainability, such as subgraph rationales and temporal saliency, improves auditability and regulatory examination. The model is further strengthened via adversarial learning against fintech evasion tactics (e.g., amount splitting and time shifting) and hash-chain logging for decision tracking. We evaluate on a synthetic transaction dataset with less than 0.5% fraud and show the framework provides notable improvements in AUPRC, cost-sensitive F1, and expected loss over strong supervised and deep baselines while operating within p95 latency targets. Ablation and sensitivity analyses indicate that temporal reasoning, self-supervision, and federated cooperation are essential for stability, and privacy experiments show reduced membership-inference risk compared with centralized training. The accompanying graph–temporal, privacy-preserving, and explainable architecture advances early-warning capability and operational trust in online financial fraud defense. Key words: Financial fraud detection, Graph neural networks, Temporal learning, Self-supervised learning, Federated learning. Download PDF Title: An Integrated Privacy-Preserving AI Framework for Real-Time Financial Fraud Detection Author: Alpha Koroma Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1137 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 20/10/2025 Date of Publication: 22/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1137.pdf Free download: Available Page: 80-94 First Page: 80 Last Page: 94 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Koroma, A. (2025). An Integrated Privacy-Preserving AI Framework for Real-Time Financial Fraud Detection, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 80-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1137 About Author (s) Alpha Koroma, Master’s in Information and Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1176-4652   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1137 --- ## Assessment of Farmers’ Preference for Livestock Health Services in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8327 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 Assessment of Farmers’ Preference for Livestock Health Services in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone Author (s) Juana Koroma & Victor Patrick Bagla Abstract The livestock sector is crucial for the livelihood of the population, as it provides meat, milk, draft power, and income. This study assessed farmers’ preferences for livestock health services in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone, focusing on the access patterns to veterinary service and the prevalence of modern veterinary or traditional medicine usage, and outlined the challenges faced by farmers engaged in livestock production. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 participants, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed using descriptive statistics via SPSS-20 and Excel for data visualization. The results revealed male dominance in Mosongo (70%) and Mokonde (80%), while Bonganema had a female majority (70%); 90% were married in Mokonde, and 60% attained tertiary education in Mosongo. The livestock health services predominantly included clinical care (90%) in Mosongo, (60%) in Mokonde, and (50%) in Bonganema; (80%) reported monthly veterinary visits for the treatment of diarrhea at (70%) in Mosongo and (50%) in Mokonde and Bonganema across regions. The farmers largely preferred modern veterinary medicine (100%) in Mosongo and Bonganema; 90% reported the use of tetracycline in Bonganema, and 90% reported the use of alternatives to antibiotics for disease prevention and deworming in Mosongo and Mokonde. The study identified critical challenges: disease outbreaks (60%), limited healthcare access (40%), and financial constraints (10%) in Mosongo. The study highlights the need for improved veterinary access, farmer education, and sustainable health strategies to enhance livestock productivity in rural Sierra Leone. Key words: Livestock health services, Disease prevalence, Farmer preferences, Veterinary access, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Assessment of Farmers’ Preference for Livestock Health Services in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone Author: Juana Koroma & Victor Patrick Bagla Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1136 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 18/10/2025 Date of Publication: 21/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1136.pdf Free download: Available Page: 65-79 First Page: 65 Last Page: 79 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Koroma, J., & Bagla, V. P. (2025). Assessment of Farmers’ Preference for Livestock Health Services in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 65-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1136 About Author (s) Juana Koroma (Corresponding author), Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0946-8326 Victor Patrick Bagla, School of Veterinary Medicine, Njala University, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-4109   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1136 --- ## From Training to Edge Inference: A Transfer Learning Pipeline for Low-Latency Malware Classification on Snapdragon-Enabled Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra (Android 13) URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8323 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 From Training to Edge Inference: A Transfer Learning Pipeline for Low-Latency Malware Classification on Snapdragon-Enabled Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra (Android 13) Author (s) Onyedika Christopher Agada Abstract There is an urgent need for a lightweight detection system that is able to operate efficiently without dependency on the cloud, because of the large number of edge devices in interconnected systems. This study introduces a framework that deploys a deep learning-based malicious software classifier on resource-constrained edge devices, utilizing malicious software binary files that are visualized as images and fine-tuning a ResNet18 architecture to recognize visual patterns. The system was further optimized using the Qualcomm AI Hub for deployment on a Snapdragon-powered Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra (Android 13). A test accuracy of 97.47% was achieved, with 0.978 precision, 0.978 recall, and an F1-score of 0.978. Additionally, a 75% model size reduction (44.8 – 11.2 MB) was achieved, and an on-device inference latency of 1 millisecond (batch size = 1) which is excellent for real-time malware detection. This research advances real-time threat mitigation in edge devices and enables scalable cyber defenses that preserve privacy. Key words: Deep Learning, Edge computing, Image Classification, Machine learning, Malware Detection, Transfer Learning. Download PDF Title: From Training to Edge Inference: A Transfer Learning Pipeline for Low-Latency Malware Classification on Snapdragon-Enabled Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra (Android 13) Author: Onyedika Christopher Agada Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1135 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 18/10/2025 Date of Publication: 21/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1135.pdf Free download: Available Page: 51-64 First Page: 51 Last Page: 64 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Agada, O.C. (2025). From Training to Edge Inference: A Transfer Learning Pipeline for Low-Latency Malware Classification on Snapdragon-Enabled Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra (Android 13), Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 51-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1135 About Author (s) Onyedika Christopher Agada, Department of Cybersecurity, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4337-597X   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1135 --- ## The Impact of the Community Empowerment and Progressive Organization (CEPO) in Promoting Good Governance in South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8279 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 The Impact of the Community Empowerment and Progressive Organization (CEPO) in Promoting Good Governance in South Sudan Author (s) Garang Ater, Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea, & Majok Kur Nhial Abstract This study sought to determine the role of the Community Empowerment and Progressive Organization (CEPO) in promoting good governance in Juba, South Sudan. The study’s specific objectives were to investigate the role of CEPO in promoting good governance, assess the relationship between CEPO’s activities and good governance outcomes, evaluate the challenges facing civil society in this endeavor, and recommend strategies for enhancing CEPO’s impact. Utilizing a mixed-methods case study design, the research was conducted among CEPO employees in Juba, with data collected from a random sample of 50 staff members using a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that CEPO has a significant positive impact, particularly in the areas of policy advocacy, legislative participation, and political oversight, which strengthens institutional capacities and promotes the rule of law. However, its effectiveness is substantially constrained by a restrictive political environment, limited funding, and security challenges. The study recommends ensuring adequate and sustainable funding for civil society, creating a more conducive operational environment through government action, and formally including CSOs in governance and decision-making processes. Areas identified for further research include a longitudinal analysis of CEPO’s contribution to governance, the specific effects of its interventions on corruption reduction, and the dynamics of its relationship with state institutions. Key words: Good Governance, Community Empowerment, Civil Society, CEPO, Democratic Participation, South Sudan. Download PDF Title: The Impact of the Community Empowerment and Progressive Organization (CEPO) in Promoting Good Governance in South Sudan Author: Garang Ater, Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea, & Majok Kur Nhial Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1134 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/10/2025 Date of Publication: 16/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1134.pdf Free download: Available Page: 38-50 First Page: 38 Last Page: 50 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Ater, G., Adea, M., Nhial, M. K. (2025). The Impact of the Community Empowerment and Progressive Organization (CEPO) in Promoting Good Governance in South Sudan, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 38-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1134 About Author (s) Garang Ater, Lecturer, School of Business and Management, University of Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author), Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan, Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan, & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769 Majok Kur Nhial, School of Business and Management, University of Juba.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1134 --- ## Exploring Opportunities and Obstacles to Sustainable Peacebuilding in Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8275 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 Exploring Opportunities and Obstacles to Sustainable Peacebuilding in Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan Author (s) Dr. Julius Mono Apollo, Abongo Simon, & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Abstract This study examines the complex landscape of sustainable peacebuilding in Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan, a region characterized by a fragile coexistence of positive indicators and persistent violence. Employing a qualitative methodology, including focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews, the research captures local perspectives on peace and conflict. The findings reveal a precarious and hybrid peace, where the reopening of schools, the return of displaced populations, and the presence of international investors signal a semblance of stability. These indicators of what Galtung (1967) terms “positive peace” are actively supported by a diverse network of local actors, from customary courts to women’s associations, operating within a hybrid political order (Boege et al., 2009). However, this fragile progress is critically undermined by severe challenges, including relentless insecurity from “unknown gunmen,” inter-communal conflicts with Dinka Bor pastoralists, and deep-seated structural violence manifested in a triple-currency crisis, delayed civil servant salaries, and destroyed infrastructure. The study concludes that sustainable peace in Kajo-Keji is contingent upon a dual strategy: formally supporting the existing, community-level peace infrastructure while simultaneously addressing the national and local political economies that fuel conflict. The research underscores the necessity of ethnographic and participatory approaches (Millar, 2018) to understand and respond to the nuanced realities of peacebuilding in such complex, post-conflict environments. Key words: Peacebuilding, Kajo-Keji County, Hybrid Political Orders, Structural Violence, Local Peace Actors, South Sudan, Ethnographic Peace Research. Download PDF Title: Exploring Opportunities and Obstacles to Sustainable Peacebuilding in Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan Author: Dr. Julius Mono Apollo, Abongo Simon, & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1133 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 09/10/2025 Date of Publication: 16/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1133.pdf Free download: Available Page: 26-37 First Page: 26 Last Page: 37 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Apollo, J. M., Simon, A., &  Adea, M. (2025). Exploring Opportunities and Obstacles to Sustainable Peacebuilding in Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 26-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1133 About Author (s) Dr. Julius Mono Apollo, Lecturer, School of Business and Management, University of Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Abongo Simon, Lecturer, School of Business and Management, University of Juba, Republic of South Sudan. Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding Author), Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan, Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan, & Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1133 --- ## Impact of Petroleum Production on Livestock Production in Upper Nile State, South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8270 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 Impact of Petroleum Production on Livestock Production in Upper Nile State, South Sudan Author (s) Yohana Mayol De Pach Aok Abstract This study examines how oil production and the pollution it causes affect livestock farming in the Upper Nile State of South Sudan. The focus is on major oil-producing areas, such as Paloch, to show the serious consequences on both animal and human health. These include high livestock deaths, birth defects in animals and children, and a general drop in the well-being of the community. Although these impacts are significant, the actions taken by the responsible authorities are not enough to address the problem. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both numerical data and personal narratives. Secondary data spanning from 2008 to 2025 was gathered from reports detailing the impacts of oil production and petroleum pollution on livestock in the Upper Nile State. Primary data was collected through questionnaires completed by individuals directly involved in livestock management in oil-affected areas. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 version for both basic and advanced statistical analyses. A purposive sampling method identified 78 participants, including herders, farmers, and local officials. Quantitative data assessed animal health, productivity losses, and signs of petroleum poisoning, such as bloating, respiratory issues, and decreased milk and meat production. Qualitative data from interviews and group discussions provided insights into community experiences, coping strategies, and challenges faced. The findings show that oil pollution, mainly from damaged pipelines, leaking storage tanks, and poor waste management, has damaged grazing areas, polluted water supplies, and reduced soil quality. The findings indicate that oil contamination, primarily from corroded pipelines, leaking terminals, and improper wastewater disposal, has degraded grazing lands, polluted water sources, and reduced soil fertility, thereby undermining the foundation of agro-pastoral livelihoods. This threatens the basic ways of life for agro-pastoral communities. The study calls for stronger environmental protection measures, better enforcement of current rules, and effective ways to hold people accountable to reduce the harm caused by oil production on livestock, human health, and the communities living in South Sudan. This study underscores the urgent necessity for implementing robust environmental safeguards, enforcing existing policies, and establishing effective accountability mechanisms to mitigate the detrimental effects of petroleum production on livestock, human health, and pastoral communities in South Sudan. Key words: Oil Production, Oil Pollution, Livestock Production, Environmental Degradation, Water Contamination, Human Health, Birth Defects, Greater Upper Nile, South Sudan. Download PDF Title: Impact of Petroleum Production on Livestock Production in Upper Nile State, South Sudan Author: Yohana Mayol De Pach Aok Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1132 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/10/2025 Date of Publication: 15/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1132.pdf Free download: Available Page: 13-25 First Page: 13 Last Page: 25 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Aok, Y. M. D. P. (2025). Impact of Petroleum Production on Livestock Production in Upper Nile State, South Sudan, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 13-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1132 About Author (s) Yohana Mayol De Pach Aok, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Botswana, Botswana & Senior Lecturer in Animal Nutrition, Dr. John Garang Memorial University of Science and Technology, Bor, Jonglei State, South Sudan.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1132 --- ## Competing Livelihoods: Analyzing Farmer–Pastoralist Conflicts in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8267 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 Competing Livelihoods: Analyzing Farmer–Pastoralist Conflicts in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan Author (s) Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea & Dr. Nathan Peter Balli Abstract Persistent conflict between farmers and pastoralists in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan, has continued despite numerous government and non-governmental intervention attempts, leading to severe human suffering and socio-economic destruction. This study investigates the underlying factors driving this intractable conflict and evaluates the shortcomings of existing resolution strategies. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 200 randomly selected respondents in the conflict-prone counties of Juba, Terekeka, Lainya, and Kajokeji. Methods included structured and semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and interviews, with quantitative data analyzed using SPSS and qualitative data subjected to content and thematic analysis. The findings identify a complex interplay of drivers, including environmental stressors (floods and droughts), unethical behavior, livestock overstocking, human and animal population growth, and critical policy and regulatory weaknesses. While Karl Marx’s conflict theory highlights the role of power in social order, its limitations in this context necessitate a more nuanced approach. The study concludes that a singular strategy is insufficient. Instead, it recommends a context-dependent, hybrid conflict resolution model that strategically combines participatory dialogue with coercive enforcement, where the choice of approach is tailored to the specific nature, timing, and situational dynamics of each conflict incident to achieve sustainable peace. Key words: Farmer-Pastoralist Conflict, Hybrid Conflict Resolution, Environmental Stressors, Governance Failure, South Sudan, Central Equatoria. Download PDF Title: Competing Livelihoods: Analyzing Farmer–Pastoralist Conflicts in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan Author: Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea & Dr. Nathan Peter Balli Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1131 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/10/2025 Date of Publication: 15/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1131.pdf Free download: Available Page: 1-12 First Page: 1 Last Page: 12 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Adea, M., & Balli, N. P. (2025). Competing Livelihoods: Analyzing Farmer–Pastoralist Conflicts in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-12.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1131 About Author (s) Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea (Corresponding author), Professor of Research Methodology, Ayii University, Juba, South Sudan, Visiting Professor of Stafford University, South Sudan, &  Deputy Principal of Graduate College, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769 Dr. Nathan Peter Balli, Lecturer School of Business and Management, University of Juba, Republic of South Sudan.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1131 --- ## Effect of Time and Temperature on Starch Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Activity During Malting and Fermentation of Finger Millets URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-11-issue-1/8347 Type: post Modified: 2025-11-01 Effect of Time and Temperature on Starch Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Activity During Malting and Fermentation of Finger Millet Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien, Vedaste Ndungutse, & Ramzy Alothmany Abstract This paper examined the effect of time and temperature on starch hydrolysis and enzyme activity on malting and fermentation of finger millet (Eleusine coracana), a nutritious cereal that is commonly eaten in Indonesia. The malting process was performed under two temperatures (25 °C and 30 °C) over 96 hours, with fermentation of unmalted flour also done at the same temperature (30 °C) over the same period. The outcomes indicated the presence of a large decrease in starch content of 63.45 to 44.55 at 25 °C and 50.58 at 30 °C, with the lower temperature indicating greater degradation of starch. Fermentation also reduced starch contents by 9.72, which indicated the use of microbial carbohydrates. The concentration of amylose rose to 25.1 at 25 °C, and amylopectin reduced to 74.9 percent, which illustrates selective enzymatic disintegration of branched chains. The a-amylase activity expressed as diastatic power rose significantly during 96 hours (49.59 WK to 58.14 WK), indicating progressive enzyme activity. The biochemical changes enhanced nutritional and functional characteristics of finger millet through reduction of viscosity, an increase in digestibility, and mineral bioavailability. The optimal values of the malting and fermentation processes, therefore, maximize the ability of the grain to be used in complementary and weaning products. The results offer a scientific rationale for the production of value-added millet-based products in order to fight malnutrition and enhance food security in Indonesia and other places. Key words: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) Malting, Fermentation, Starch hydrolysis, Diastatic power. Download PDF Title: Effect of Time and Temperature on Starch Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Activity During Malting and Fermentation of Finger Millet Author: Gisubizo Fabien, Vedaste Ndungutse, & Ramzy Alothmany Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1139 Media: Online Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 29/10/2025 Date of Publication: 01/11/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1139.pdf Free download: Available Page: 107-117 First Page: 107 Last Page: 117 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Fabien, G., Ndungutse, V., & Alothmany, R. (2025). Effect of Time and Temperature on Starch Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Activity During Malting and Fermentation of Finger Millet, Journal of Scientific Reports, 11(1), 107-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1139 About Author (s) Gisubizo Fabien (Corresponding Author), Department of Food Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1182-9124 Vedaste Ndungutse, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-071X Ramzy Alothmany, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4490-7146   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1139 --- ## Cloud Accounting System and Financial Reporting Efficiency of SMEs URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-48-issue-1/8343 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-28 Cloud Accounting System and Financial Reporting Efficiency of SMEs  Author (s) Jaynob Sarker Abstract Cloud accounting has been shown to significantly boost productivity because it enables accountants in small and medium-sized businesses to give their clients high-quality financial reports and make arrangements regarding their financial matters. It also enables accountants to take advantage of budgetary advice and make quicker and better decisions, which improves overall money-related execution. This study assessed how cloud accounting affected SMEs’ financial reporting capabilities. This study seeks to examine the impact of cloud accounting adoption on enhancing efficiency in financial reporting of SMEs. This study employs a qualitative research technique, incorporating a literature review and library research, to synthesize findings from prior studies, journals, and authoritative sources regarding the influence of cloud accounting systems on the efficiency of financial reporting of SMEs. The investigation indicates that cloud-based accounting systems diminish manual errors and data processing redundancy while enhancing the timeliness and transparency of financial reports. Furthermore, these systems provide remote access and real-time communication among stakeholders, hence improving decision-making and adherence to financial regulations. Nonetheless, problems including data privacy issues, implementation expenses, and the necessity for employee training are seen as essential variables influencing effective adoption. This study offers significant insights for practitioners, decision-makers, and scholars by emphasising the strategic importance of cloud accounting in contemporary financial management. It indicates that the right implementation of cloud accounting technology markedly improves the efficiency of financial reporting operations, hence bolstering organisational agility and financial integrity in a dynamic corporate context. Keywords: Cloud accounting, Cloud computing, Financial reporting, Efficiency, SMEs. Download PDF Title: Cloud Accounting System and Financial Reporting Efficiency of SMEs Author: Jaynob Sarker Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2626 Media: Online Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2025 Acceptance Date: 20/10/2025 Date of Publication: 28/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2626.pdf Free download: Available Page: 75-91 First Page: 75 Last Page: 91 Paper Type: Review paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Sarker, J. (2025). Cloud Accounting System and Financial Reporting Efficiency of SMEs, International Journal of Science and Business, 48(1), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2626 About Author (s) Jaynob Sarker, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9578-995X   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2626 --- ## Cross-Cultural Factors in Commercial Advertising in the New Media Era URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-47-issue-1/8318 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-20 Cross-Cultural Factors in Commercial Advertising in the New Media Era  Author (s) Wang Yiming Abstract The new media era, defined by digital platforms and global interconnectivity, has fundamentally transformed cross-cultural advertising. This paper employs a conceptual synthesis of contemporary research to argue that effective navigation of this landscape requires an analytical framework integrating established cross-cultural theories—such as self-construal, cultural dimensions, and human values—with the unique dynamics of digital interaction. The analysis demonstrates that while the classic paradox of standardization versus adaptation persists, digitality intensifies it, favoring deeply adapted, culturally resonant strategies. This is evident in the nuanced appropriation of social values, where brands co-opt discourses of empowerment and community to forge connections, a strategy powerfully deployed in gendered marketing for products like alcohol and infant formula. Ultimately, the convergence of cultural theory and digital practice creates a potent new marketing paradigm whose ethical complexity—regarding consumer manipulation, algorithmic bias, and the masking of product harms—demands critical scrutiny and new regulatory and strategic approaches. Keywords: Cross-Cultural Marketing, Digital Advertising, Gendered Marketing, Influencer Marketing, Self-Construal Theory, Ethical Marketing. Download PDF Title: Cross-Cultural Factors in Commercial Advertising in the New Media Era Author: Wang Yiming Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2607 Media: Online Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2025 Acceptance Date: 17/10/2025 Date of Publication: 20/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2607.pdf Free download: Available Page: 98-110 First Page: 98 Last Page: 110 Paper Type: Conceptual synthesis Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Yiming, W. (2025). Cross-Cultural Factors in Commercial Advertising in the New Media Era, International Journal of Science and Business, 47(1), 98-110.https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2607 About Author (s) Wang Yiming, School of Management, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0944-5342   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2607 --- ## Gig Work and Student Life in Bangladesh: Navigating Academic Challenges, Personal Well-Being, and Career Aspirations URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-10-issue-1/8262 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-10 Gig Work and Student Life in Bangladesh: Navigating Academic Challenges, Personal Well-Being, and Career Aspirations Author (s) Iftakher Mahmud Ziad, Masudur Rahman, A.K.M Mahfuj Ullah, Dil Afrin Mim, Sanuar Hossain, Md Zahid Hasan, & Md. Abdullah Al Mamun Abstract This study reveals the multi-dimensional impact of gig work on students in Bangladesh. It highlighted demographic trends, academic challenges and benefits, personal life implications, and career development opportunities. This study followed both quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews (IDI). Demographically gig work in the sample is male-dominated (67%). The majority of participants (61.7%) work fewer than 6 hours daily at night time. Most of the respondents (54.5%) work with international platforms. Academically freelancing offers students’ financial independence, skill development, and flexibility, though challenges like disrupted schedules and difficulty balancing work with studies were noted. Qualitatively female students highlighted that they overcome societal barriers and gain financial autonomy. Personal impacts are two sides: while gig work fosters independence, at the same time it also leads to stress, health issues, and reduced social engagement due to irregular working hours. Career-wise students see freelancing as an avenue for skill enhancement, global networking and future aspirations. ANOVA results show that while academic challenges such as stress and study interruptions are broadly shared, significant group differences exist in students’ ability to balance education with gig work, perceptions of independence, social recognition, and career benefits such as employability and networking. It also creates future entrepreneurial motivations and provides a competitive benefit in the job market. The findings underscore the importance of supporting student freelancers through effective time management strategies, mental health resources, and inclusive policies to mitigate challenges and amplify the benefits of gig work. Key words: Gig economy, Unemployment, Digital labor, Global job village, Work-life Balance. Download PDF Title: Gig Work and Student Life in Bangladesh: Navigating Academic Challenges, Personal Well-Being, and Career Aspirations Author: Iftakher Mahmud Ziad, Masudur Rahman, A.K.M Mahfuj Ullah, Dil Afrin Mim, Sanuar Hossain, Md Zahid Hasan, & Md. Abdullah Al Mamun Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1126 Media: Online Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 08/10/2025 Date of Publication: 10/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1126.pdf Free download: Available Page: 224-240 First Page: 224 Last Page: 240 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Ziad, I. M., Rahman, M., Ullah, A. K. M. M., Mim, D. A., Hossain, S., Hasan, M. Z., & Mamun, M. A. A. (2025). Gig Work and Student Life in Bangladesh: Navigating Academic Challenges, Personal Well-Being, and Career Aspirations, Journal of Scientific Reports, 10(1), 224-240.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1126 About Author (s) Iftakher Mahmud Ziad, Lecturer, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-7137 Masudur Rahman (Corresponding Author), Lecturer, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. A.K.M Mahfuj Ullah, Assistant Professor, International Islami University of Science and Technology Bangladesh (IIUSTB), Baipail, Ashulia, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9380-5005 Dil Afrin Mim, Lecturer, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. Sanuar Hossain, Assistant Professor, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4383-9335 Md Zahid Hasan, Lecturer, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3931-6469 Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Assistant Professor, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3891-4809   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1126 --- ## Assessing the Impact of Transportation Modes and Travel Costs on Healthcare Accessibility in Bombali District, Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-10-issue-1/8256 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-10 Assessing the Impact of Transportation Modes and Travel Costs on Healthcare Accessibility in Bombali District, Sierra Leone Author (s) Alusine Frederick Kargbo & Alpha Sidie Bangura Abstract This study assesses the impact of transportation modes and travel costs on healthcare accessibility in Bombali District, Sierra Leone. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed 3,753 clinical referrals and conducted community interviews to evaluate how transport barriers affect health-seeking behavior. Quantitative analysis employed regression models with travel time proxies to examine utilization patterns, while qualitative data provided contextual insights into community experiences. Results demonstrate that inadequate transportation options and high travel costs significantly reduce healthcare utilization, particularly among impoverished populations. Geographical distance increases reliance on National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) ambulances, yet service gaps persist even for eligible patients. Motorbikes emerge as a relatively efficient alternative, though their accessibility remains limited by cost. The interplay of poor road infrastructure, financial constraints, and inconsistent ambulance services creates critical barriers to timely healthcare access. These findings highlight transportation as a fundamental determinant of health equity in rural Sierra Leone. Policy implications emphasize the need for integrated approaches combining transport subsidies, infrastructure development, and community-based solutions within broader health system strengthening efforts to advance universal health coverage in remote, low-resource settings. Key words: Healthcare Accessibility, Transportation Modes, Travel Costs, Rural Sierra Leone, Health Equity. Download PDF Title: Assessing the Impact of Transportation Modes and Travel Costs on Healthcare Accessibility in Bombali District, Sierra Leone Author: Alusine Frederick Kargbo & Alpha Sidie Bangura Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1125 Media: Online Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 28/08/2025 Date of Publication: 31/08/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1125.pdf Free download: Available Page: 210-223 First Page: 210 Last Page: 223 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Kargbo, A. F. & Bangura, A. S. (2025). Assessing the Impact of Transportation Modes and Travel Costs on Healthcare Accessibility in Bombali District, Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 10(1), 210-223.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1125 About Author (s) Alusine Frederick Kargbo (Corresponding Author), Department of Economics, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone & Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, PR China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1679-5034 Alpha Sidie Bangura, Department of Public Health, University of Makeni, Sierra Leone & School of National Development, Peking University, Beijing, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7995-8418   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1125 --- ## Agriculture, Structural Transformation, and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Trends, Challenges, and Policy Implications URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-10-issue-1/8250 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-08 Agriculture, Structural Transformation, and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Trends, Challenges, and Policy Implications Author (s) Jannat Rahat Jui Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive review and descriptive synthesis of the dynamic relationship between agricultural productivity, structural transformation, and economic growth in Bangladesh. Framed as a review paper, it synthesizes secondary data from national and international sources and existing empirical literature to analyze trends, challenges, and policy implications. Despite a marked decline in its share of GDP, agriculture remains vital for employment, rural livelihoods, and poverty reduction. The analysis highlights the pathways through which agriculture contributes to national growth, while also examining persistent challenges such as regional disparities, technological adoption constraints particularly for women farmers and climate vulnerability. The study identifies a significant divergence between the stable growth of agriculture and the surge in foreign direct investment (FDI) targeted at industry and services, underscoring a structural investment gap. By integrating trends in macroeconomic data, including GDP, inflation, and remittances, with a review of sectoral dynamics, the paper provides evidence-based guidance for policymakers. The findings emphasize the need for integrated policies that combine productivity enhancement, climate resilience, and equitable access to resources to leverage agriculture as a driver of inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Key words: Agricultural productivity, Economic growth, Structural transformation, Climate resilience, Bangladesh, Policy synthesis. Download PDF Title: Agriculture, Structural Transformation, and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Trends, Challenges, and Policy Implications Author: Jannat Rahat Jui Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr ISSN: ISSN: 2708-7085 (Online), ISSN: 3079-9317 (Print) Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1124 Media: Online Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 28/08/2025 Date of Publication: 31/08/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1124.pdf Free download: Available Page: 196-209 First Page: 196 Last Page: 209 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Jui, J. R. (2025). Agriculture, Structural Transformation, and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Trends, Challenges, and Policy Implications, Journal of Scientific Reports,10(1), 196-209.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1124 About Author (s) Jannat Rahat Jui, Lecturer, Department of Economics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1124 --- ## Assessing Management Constraints Faced by Farmers in Swine Production: A Case Study in Dasse, Kori, and Kowa Chiefdoms, Southern Sierra Leone URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-9-issue-1/8242 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-04 Assessing Management Constraints Faced by Farmers in Swine Production: A Case Study in Dasse, Kori, and Kowa Chiefdoms, Southern Sierra Leone Author (s) Juana Koroma & Abu Macavoray Abstract Swine production is a vital source of livelihood and food security for smallholder farmers in Sierra Leone’s Moyamba District. This study assessed the critical management constraints in feeding, housing, and health practices faced by pig farmers in the Dasse, Kori, and Kowa chiefdoms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 120 participants, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed significant deficiencies across all management domains: feeding practices were predominantly inadequate, with 50.8% of farmers relying on free-range foraging and 88.3% lacking structured feeding plans. Housing conditions were suboptimal, characterized by open-air systems (48.3%) and severe overcrowding, with 94.1% of farmers providing less than 10 square feet per pig. Health management was particularly precarious, marked by limited veterinary access (68.3%), high reports of nutrition-linked health issues (65%), and low vaccination rates (52.5% never vaccinate). These interconnected constraints: poor nutrition, insufficient housing, and inadequate veterinary care severely hinder productivity and profitability. The study recommends integrated interventions, including farmer education on balanced feeding, financial support for improved housing, and the establishment of robust veterinary extension services. Addressing these challenges is essential to enhance swine productivity, improve smallholder livelihoods, and strengthen regional food security. Key words:  Swine production, management constraints, smallholder farmers, Moyamba District, Sierra Leone. Download PDF Title: Assessing Management Constraints Faced by Farmers in Swine Production: A Case Study in Dasse, Kori, and Kowa Chiefdoms, Southern Sierra Leone Author: Juana Koroma & Abu Macavoray Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1108 Media: Online Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 01/10/2025 Date of Publication: 04/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1108.pdf Free download: Available Page: 261-274 First Page: 261 Last Page: 274 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Koroma, J. & Macavoray, A. (2025). Assessing Management Constraints Faced by Farmers in Swine Production: A Case Study in Dasse, Kori, and Kowa Chiefdoms, Southern Sierra Leone, Journal of Scientific Reports, 9(1), 261-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1108   About Author (s) Juana Koroma (Corresponding Author), Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0946-8326 Abu Macavoray, Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Sierra Leone.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1108 --- ## Leveraging Storm-breaker as a social Engineering Tool to Assess Penetration Levels and Develop Attack Prevention Strategies for Android and iOS Devices URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-9-issue-1/8217 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-04 Leveraging Storm-breaker as a social Engineering Tool to Assess Penetration Levels and Develop Attack Prevention Strategies for Android and iOS Devices Author (s) Muhammed Umar Nmakatun, Salim Jibrin Danbatta, Umar Usman, & Abdulwaheed Tawakaltu Opeyemi Abstract The internet has played a crucial role in fostering not just the local communication alone, but also international communication and is now dominated in people’s daily communication channel all around the world. On the other hand, social engineering assaults have emerged as a key security concern in both the real and virtual spheres of cyber space. However, through some malicious programs, individuals are targeted by convincing them to reveal private information or do other activities that compromise security. This research uses online survey to assess the public level of awareness on the social attacks through malware programs. Out of 52 participants, only 42% recognizes the implication of the URL, in which most are educated and within the age of 25 years and above, the other 55.77% who are the victims are those whose educational levels are little or no educated at all, some of which are adult less than 25 years. Thus, the researchers suggest setting up a firewall to improve network security and motivate users to exercise greater caution when using the internet. The research also suggests how crucial it is to implement stronger security measures and increase user awareness. Collaboration with app developers, behavioral analysis, technical solutions, and user education are important initiatives. In order to teach people how to recognize and avoid free of suspicious activity, educational programs should emphasize raising awareness of social engineering and phishing attempts. Key words:  Cyber-Attack, Cyber security, Social Engineering, Cyber Crime, Cyber Criminal, Storm-Breaker, Ethical Hacking. Download PDF Title: Leveraging Storm-breaker as a social Engineering Tool to Assess Penetration Levels and Develop Attack Prevention Strategies for Android and iOS Devices Author: Muhammed Umar Nmakatun, Salim Jibrin Danbatta, Umar Usman, & Abdulwaheed Tawakaltu Opeyemi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1107 Media: Online Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 10/08/2025 Date of Publication: 17/09/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1107.pdf Free download: Available Page: 251-260 First Page: 251 Last Page: 260 Paper Type: Case Study Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Muhammed, U N., Danbatta, S. J., & Usman, U. Tawakaltu A. O. (2025). Leveraging Storm-breaker as a social Engineering Tool to Assess Penetration Levels and Develop Attack Prevention Strategies for Android and iOS Devices, Journal of Scientific Reports, 9(1), 251-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1107   About Author (s) Muhammed Umar Nmakatun (Corresponding Author), Department of Computer Engineering Uskudar University, Turkey. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6293-0542 Salim Jibrin Danbatta, Department of Computer Engineering Uskudar University, Turkey. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-5766 Umar Usman, Department of Economics Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2143-3368 Abdulwaheed Tawakaltu Opeyemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai (IBBUL), Niger state, Nigeria.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1107 --- ## Factors affecting university students’ intention towards halalpreneurship: An empirical study on university students of Bangladesh URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-47-issue-1/8239 Type: post Modified: 2025-10-04 Factors affecting university students’ intention towards halalpreneurship: An empirical study on university students of Bangladesh  Author (s) Md. Oliul Islam, Iftakher Mahmud Ziad, Md. Hafizur Rahman, & Shamima Easmin Shanta Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the halal entrepreneurial intention of university students in Bangladesh. The study employed the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore how the attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of university students influence their intention towards halalpreneurship. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect primary data from 234 respondents using a 19-item 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to measure validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing. The results indicated a strong positive relationship between attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and halalpreneurial intention, where subjective norms highlighted a statistically insignificant relationship with halalpreneurial intentions, which identified contextual findings not similar to most studies.  The findings of this study have added a new dimension to the current literature and created avenues for further study and insights for the policy makers while empowering halalpreneurship in Bangladesh. Keywords: Theory of planned behavior (TPB), Halalpreneurship, Attitudes, Subjective norms, Perceived behavioral control. Download PDF Title: Factors affecting university students’ intention towards halalpreneurship: An empirical study on university students of Bangladesh Author: Md. Oliul Islam, Iftakher Mahmud Ziad, Md. Hafizur Rahman, & Shamima Easmin Shanta Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2606 Media: Online Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2025 Acceptance Date: 14/09/2025 Date of Publication: 04/10/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2606.pdf Free download: Available Page: 81-97 First Page: 81 Last Page: 97 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Islam, M. O., Ziad, I. M., Rahman, M. H., & Shanta, S. E. (2025). Factors affecting university students’ intention towards halalpreneurship: An empirical study on university students of Bangladesh, International Journal of Science and Business, 47(1), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2606   About Author (s) Md. Oliul Islam, Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2230-704X Iftakher Mahmud Ziad, Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-7137 Md. Hafizur Rahman (Corresponding Author), Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4924-2740 Shamima Easmin Shanta, Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET), Natore, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8748-0161   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2606 --- ## Pipelines and Promises: Reassessing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Socio-Economic Transformation in Oil-Rich Melut County, South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-44-issue-1/8234 Type: post Modified: 2025-09-25 Pipelines and Promises: Reassessing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Socio-Economic Transformation in Oil-Rich Melut County, South Sudan  Author (s) Abraham Padiet Deng Alony & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Abstract The extractive industry, particularly oil, is a primary revenue source for South Sudan, yet host communities like Melut County continue to experience profound socio-economic challenges. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by oil operating companies are promoted as a mechanism for sustainable development and conflict mitigation. This study critically assesses the implementation and socio-economic impact of these CSR programs in Melut County. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a household survey (n=300), key informant interviews (n=25), and focus group discussions (n=6). Findings reveal a significant disparity between community expectations and CSR outcomes. While companies report substantial investment in health (22%) and education (18%), 78% of community respondents expressed dissatisfaction, citing poorly maintained infrastructure and lack of local employment. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.723, p<0.01) was found between community participation in project design and perceived project success. Environmental concerns, particularly water contamination, remain a critical, unaddressed issue. We conclude that current CSR practices are largely ineffective and philanthropic, failing to catalyze meaningful socio-economic transformation. A paradigm shift towards rights-based, participatory, and legally-enforced CSR frameworks is urgently needed to align corporate activities with sustainable development goals in post-conflict South Sudan. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Extractives, Oil and Gas, Community Development, South Sudan, Sustainable Development, Melut Basin.   Download PDF Title: Pipelines and Promises: Reassessing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Socio-Economic Transformation in Oil-Rich Melut County, South Sudan Author: Abraham Padiet Deng Alony & Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2557 Media: Online Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2025 Acceptance Date: 20/09/2025 Date of Publication: 25/09/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2557.pdf Free download: Available Page: 91-99 First Page: 91 Last Page: 99 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Alony, A. P. D. & Adea, M. (2025). Pipelines and Promises: Reassessing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Socio-Economic Transformation in Oil-Rich Melut County, South Sudan, International Journal of Science and Business, 44(1), 91-99.  https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2557 Retrieved from http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2557.pdf About Author (s) Abraham Padiet Deng Alony, Department of Business Management, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6451-6102 Prof. Dr. Maxwell Adea, Deputy Principal, Supervisor and Examiner of Doctor of Philosophy Candidates, University of Juba, South Sudan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6050-3769   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2557 --- ## The Relationship Between the Taxation System and Implementation Procedures in the Commercial Banking Sector in South Sudan URL: https://www.ijsab.com/volume-46-issue-1/8221 Type: post Modified: 2025-09-20 The Relationship Between the Taxation System and Implementation Procedures in the Commercial Banking Sector in South Sudan  Author (s) Maluak John Garang, John Byamukama Berchmans, & Wilson Muyinda Mande Abstract This study examines the relationship between taxation system implementation and compliance in South Sudan’s commercial banking sector, a critical area given the country’s ongoing efforts to diversify revenue sources and reduce dependence on oil. The research is motivated by persistent challenges of weak institutional frameworks, inconsistent enforcement, and limited administrative capacity that undermine effective tax compliance in fragile state contexts. Using data collected from 372 respondents across 10 commercial banks, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to assess the influence of implementation procedures, administrative practices, and institutional coordination on compliance outcomes. The findings reveal extremely strong positive correlations among all variables, with coefficients ranging from 0.984 to 0.995 (p < 0.01). Institutional coordination (β = 0.724) and administrative practices (β = 0.559) emerged as the most significant positive predictors of compliance, underscoring the importance of inter-agency collaboration and transparent administrative systems. Interestingly, implementation procedures showed a modest but statistically significant negative association (β = –0.284), suggesting that overly rigid, bureaucratic, or poorly designed procedures may discourage compliance rather than enhance it. This result points to the need for simplifying and streamlining processes to reduce compliance burdens on commercial banks. The study highlights that effective compliance depends less on procedural rigidity and more on coordinated institutions and efficient administration. It contributes to the limited body of literature on taxation in South Sudan and fragile state contexts more broadly. The findings provide practical insights for policymakers and financial institutions by recommending reforms focused on strengthening coordination, modernizing administrative practices, and critically reviewing implementation frameworks to foster a resilient compliance culture. Keywords: Commercial banks, Regulatory compliance, Implementation procedures, Administrative practices, Institutional coordination, Taxation system. Download PDF Title: The Relationship Between the Taxation System and Implementation Procedures in the Commercial Banking Sector in South Sudan Author: Maluak John Garang, John Byamukama Berchmans, & Wilson Muyinda Mande Journal Name: International Journal of Science and Business Website: ijsab.com ISSN: ISSN 2520-4750 (Online), ISSN 2521-3040 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2596 Media: Online Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Issue publication (Year): 2025 Acceptance Date: 10/09/2025 Date of Publication: 20/09/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/2596.pdf Free download: Available Page: 79-89 First Page: 79 Last Page: 89 Paper Type: Research paper Current Status: Published   Cite This Article: Garang, M. J., Mande, W. M., & Berchmans, J. B. (2025). The Relationship Between the Taxation System and Implementation Procedures in the Commercial Banking Sector in South Sudan, International Journal of Science and Business, 46(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2596   About Author (s) Maluak John Garang, Department of Business Administration, Nkumba University, Entebbe, Uganda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6455-5336 John Byamukama Berchmans, Dean, School of Business Administration, Nkumba University, Entebbe, Uganda. Wilson Muyinda Mande, Professor in the Department of Business Administration, Nkumba University, Entebbe, Uganda.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/IJSB.2596 --- ## Aquaculture as Crucial Promoter for Sustainable Global Nutrition and Food Security URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-9-issue-1/8210 Type: post Modified: 2025-09-17 Aquaculture as Crucial Promoter for Sustainable Global Nutrition and Food Security Author (s) Juana Koroma, Alpha Thaimu Bundu, & Abdullahi Alhassan Abstract Aquaculture plays a pivotal role in addressing global food security and nutritional demands by providing high-quality protein and essential nutrients to a growing population. As one of the fastest-growing food production sectors, it contributes significantly to sustainable nutrition, with aquatic foods such as fish, molluscs, and crustaceans offering rich sources of proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and micronutrients. Technological advancements, including biofloc technology (BFT), integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), enhance production efficiency while mitigating environmental impacts. However, challenges such as climate change, disease outbreaks, and reliance on fishmeal constrain sector sustainability. Innovations in alternative feeds (e.g., insect meal, microalgae) and smart aquaculture systems (e.g., AI-driven monitoring) are crucial for improving resilience and reducing ecological footprints. Ensuring sustainable integration of aquaculture highlights its potential to combat malnutrition, promote economic development, and ensure environmental sustainability. Future strategies must prioritize adaptive practices, resource efficiency, and policy support to meet the rising demand for aquatic foods while protecting ecosystems. Key words:  Aquaculture, Production efficiency, Sustainability, Resource efficiency, Ecosystems. Download PDF Title: Aquaculture as Crucial Promoter for Sustainable Global Nutrition and Food Security Author: Juana Koroma, Alpha Thaimu Bundu, & Abdullahi Alhassan Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1106 Media: Online Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 13/08/2025 Date of Publication: 16/09/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1106.pdf Free download: Available Page: 229-250 First Page: 229 Last Page: 250 Paper Type: Review Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Koroma, J., Bundu, A. T., & Abdullahi, A. (2025). Aquaculture as Crucial Promoter for Sustainable Global Nutrition and Food Security, Journal of Scientific Reports, 9(1), 229-250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1106 About Author (s) Juana Koroma (Corresponding Author), Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China. & Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), Freetown, Sierra Leone. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0946-8326 Alpha Thaimu Bundu, Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China. & Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), Freetown, Sierra Leone. Abdullahi Alhassan, Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China. & Department of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Programme, National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, P. M. B. 600, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1684-5376   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1106 --- ## Diagnosing Patient Stroke Status Using Modern AI After Dataset Balancing: A Comprehensive Comparative Study URL: https://www.ijsab.com/jsr-volume-9-issue-1/8205 Type: post Modified: 2025-09-15 Diagnosing Patient Stroke Status Using Modern AI After Dataset Balancing: A Comprehensive Comparative Study Author (s) Asmaa A. Mahdi Abstract Accurate prediction of stroke patient status is vital for early intervention and clinical decision-making. This study systematically evaluates the latest artificial intelligence (AI) methods for stroke diagnosis on a balanced real-world dataset. Using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) for class balancing, we compare traditional and modern AI models, including XGBoost, Random Forest, Deep Neural Networks, TabTransformer, and TabPFN (a transformer-based model for tabular data). Stacked ensemble models were also tested. Results demonstrate that transformer-based and ensemble approaches outperform classic methods, with stacked models and TabPFN achieving AUC scores up to 0.96 and accuracy exceeding 97%. Model interpretability was assessed using SHAP. The findings confirm that combining SMOTE with state-of-the-art AI yields robust and generalizable tools for stroke prediction, supporting safe and transparent clinical implementation. Key words:  Stroke Prediction, Artificial Intelligence, SMOTE, TabPFN, Interpretable Machine Learning. Download PDF Title: Diagnosing Patient Stroke Status Using Modern AI After Dataset Balancing: A Comprehensive Comparative Study Author: Asmaa A. Mahdi Journal Name: Journal of Scientific Reports Website: http://ijsab.com/jsr Publisher IJSAB International DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1105 Media: Online Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Acceptance Date: 03/08/2025 Date of Publication: 15/09/2025 PDF URL: http://ijsab.com/wp-content/uploads/1105.pdf Free download: Available Page: 219-228 First Page: 219 Last Page: 228 Paper Type: Research Paper Current Status: Published Cite This Article: Mahdi, A. A. (2025). Diagnosing Patient Stroke Status Using Modern AI After Dataset Balancing: A Comprehensive Comparative Study, Journal of Scientific Reports, 9(1), 219-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1105 About Author (s) Asmaa A. Mahdi, University of Information Technology and Communication, Baghdad, Iraq.   Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1105 ---